| . | Before PSM . | After PSMa . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 288) . | Statin users (n = 4 010 317) . | SMD . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 285) . | Statin users (n = 42 285) . | SMD . |
| Age at index | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 63.0 ± 12.0 | 0.261 | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 65.9 ± 10.7 | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 32 110 (75.9) | 2 741 655 (68.4) | 0.169 | 32 107 (75.9) | 32 246 (76.3) | 0.008 |
| Black or African American | 3066 (7.3) | 487 130 (12.1) | 0.166 | 3066 (7.3) | 3439 (8.1) | 0.033 |
| Asian | 935 (2.2) | 162 463 (4.1) | 0.106 | 935 (2.2) | 1190 (2.8) | 0.039 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 96 (0.2) | 9426 (0.2) | 0.002 | 96 (0.2) | 69 (0.2) | 0.014 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 89 (0.2) | 15 563 (0.4) | 0.033 | 89 (0.2) | 114 (0.3) | 0.012 |
| Other race | 976 (2.3) | 134 442 (3.4) | 0.063 | 976 (2.3) | 919 (2.2) | 0.009 |
| Unknown race | 5016 (11.9) | 459 638 (11.5) | 0.012 | 5016 (11.9) | 4308 (10.2) | 0.053 |
| Social economic status, n (%) | ||||||
| Persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances | 764 (1.8) | 84 041 (2.1) | 0.021 | 764 (1.8) | 678 (1.6) | 0.016 |
| Problems related to housing and economic circumstances | 332 (0.8) | 35 602 (0.9) | 0.011 | 332 (0.8) | 260 (0.6) | 0.020 |
| Problems related to employment and unemployment | 67 (0.2) | 9120 (0.2) | 0.016 | 67 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 0.003 |
| Lifestyles, n (%) | ||||||
| Tobacco use | 1820 (4.3) | 197 890 (4.9) | 0.030 | 1820 (4.3) | 1632 (3.9) | 0.022 |
| Nicotine dependence | 3083 (7.3) | 391 766 (9.8) | 0.089 | 3083 (7.3) | 2780 (6.6) | 0.028 |
| Alcohol related disorders | 875 (2.1) | 131 545 (3.3) | 0.075 | 875 (2.1) | 765 (1.8) | 0.019 |
| Medical utilization, n (%) | ||||||
| Office or other outpatient services | 27 097 (64.1) | 1 908 725 (47.6) | 0.337 | 27 094 (64.1) | 26 595 (62.9) | 0.025 |
| Emergency department services | 6504 (15.4) | 752 304 (18.8) | 0.090 | 6502 (15.4) | 8338 (19.7) | 0.114 |
| Hospital inpatient and observation care services | 4359 (10.3) | 447 811 (11.2) | 0.028 | 4359 (10.3) | 3812 (9.0) | 0.044 |
| Preventive medicine services | 3612 (8.5) | 394 642 (9.8) | 0.045 | 3611 (8.5) | 4454 (10.5) | 0.068 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertensive diseases | 27 271 (64.5) | 2 242 547 (55.9) | 0.176 | 27 268 (64.5) | 26 431 (62.5) | 0.041 |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | 22 336 (52.8) | 786 009 (19.6) | 0.737 | 22 333 (52.8) | 22 830 (54.0) | 0.024 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, unspecified | 22 599 (53.4) | 1 732 328 (43.2) | 0.206 | 22 599 (53.4) | 21 120 (49.9) | 0.070 |
| Other forms of heart disease | 15 322 (36.2) | 920 912 (23.0) | 0.294 | 15 320 (36.2) | 14 285 (33.8) | 0.051 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 854 (28.0) | 1 130 529 (28.2) | 0.004 | 11 854 (28.0) | 11 073 (26.2) | 0.042 |
| Sleep disorders | 8368 (19.8) | 502 575 (12.5) | 0.198 | 8365 (19.8) | 7960 (18.8) | 0.024 |
| Neoplasms | 7725 (18.3) | 597 566 (14.9) | 0.091 | 7725 (18.3) | 7253 (17.2) | 0.029 |
| Overweight and obesity | 7945 (18.8) | 657 781 (16.4) | 0.063 | 7944 (18.8) | 7403 (17.5) | 0.033 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 6935 (16.4) | 634 175 (15.8) | 0.016 | 6935 (16.4) | 6414 (15.2) | 0.034 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 6300 (14.9) | 520 335 (13.0) | 0.056 | 6299 (14.9) | 5874 (13.9) | 0.029 |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic mental disorders | 6416 (15.2) | 558 934 (13.9) | 0.035 | 6416 (15.2) | 5910 (14.0) | 0.034 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 6103 (14.4) | 348 265 (8.7) | 0.181 | 6100 (14.4) | 6081 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| Mood [affective] disorders | 5312 (12.6) | 509 905 (12.7) | 0.005 | 5312 (12.6) | 5604 (13.3) | 0.021 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 5263 (12.4) | 361 414 (9.0) | 0.111 | 5260 (12.4) | 4627 (10.9) | 0.047 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 4838 (11.4) | 382 286 (9.5) | 0.062 | 4836 (11.4) | 4404 (10.4) | 0.033 |
| Other peripheral vascular diseases | 3443 (8.1) | 144 455 (3.6) | 0.194 | 3443 (8.1) | 2349 (5.6) | 0.103 |
| Diseases of liver | 2964 (7.0) | 175 007 (4.4) | 0.114 | 2964 (7.0) | 2772 (6.6) | 0.018 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2636 (6.2) | 113 266 (2.8) | 0.165 | 2633 (6.2) | 2387 (5.6) | 0.025 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Vasoprotectives | 18 411 (43.5) | 1 435 975 (35.8) | 0.159 | 18 410 (43.5) | 18 402 (43.5) | 0.000 |
| Beta blocking agents | 17 274 (40.8) | 1 327 991 (33.1) | 0.161 | 17 273 (40.8) | 17 101 (40.4) | 0.008 |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 16 725 (39.6) | 1 589 078 (39.6) | 0.002 | 16 724 (39.6) | 16 541 (39.1) | 0.009 |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) | 13 490 (31.9) | 4 010 317 (100) | 2.066 | 13 490 (31.9) | 42 285 (100.0) | 2.066 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 13 357 (31.6) | 1 001 475 (25.0) | 0.147 | 13 356 (31.6) | 11 434 (27.0) | 0.100 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 022 (26.1) | 901 851 (22.5) | 0.083 | 11 021 (26.1) | 10 081 (23.8) | 0.051 |
| Vitamins | 7310 (17.3) | 575 351 (14.3) | 0.081 | 7309 (17.3) | 6210 (14.7) | 0.071 |
| Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 2496 (5.9) | 168 739 (4.2) | 0.077 | 2496 (5.9) | 1776 (4.2) | 0.078 |
| Immunosuppressants | 1849 (4.4) | 103 208 (2.6) | 0.098 | 1849 (4.4) | 1114 (2.6) | 0.095 |
| Laboratory, n (%) | ||||||
| LDL-cholesterol, mean ± SD | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 119.3 ± 46.55 | 0.360 | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 129.8 ± 45.15 | 0.157 |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 15 861 (37.5) | 726 510 (18.1) | 0.443 | 15 858 (37.5) | 14 855 (35.1) | 0.049 |
| HDL-cholesterol | ||||||
| <40 mg/dL | 9012 (21.3) | 583 092 (14.5) | 0.177 | 9012 (21.3) | 6963 (16.5) | 0.124 |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 17 294 (40.9) | 880 609 (22.0) | 0.417 | 17 291 (40.9) | 15 171 (35.9) | 0.103 |
| Triglyceride | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 9240 (21.9) | 435 473 (10.9) | 0.301 | 9239 (21.8) | 5346 (12.6) | 0.246 |
| . | Before PSM . | After PSMa . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 288) . | Statin users (n = 4 010 317) . | SMD . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 285) . | Statin users (n = 42 285) . | SMD . |
| Age at index | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 63.0 ± 12.0 | 0.261 | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 65.9 ± 10.7 | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 32 110 (75.9) | 2 741 655 (68.4) | 0.169 | 32 107 (75.9) | 32 246 (76.3) | 0.008 |
| Black or African American | 3066 (7.3) | 487 130 (12.1) | 0.166 | 3066 (7.3) | 3439 (8.1) | 0.033 |
| Asian | 935 (2.2) | 162 463 (4.1) | 0.106 | 935 (2.2) | 1190 (2.8) | 0.039 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 96 (0.2) | 9426 (0.2) | 0.002 | 96 (0.2) | 69 (0.2) | 0.014 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 89 (0.2) | 15 563 (0.4) | 0.033 | 89 (0.2) | 114 (0.3) | 0.012 |
| Other race | 976 (2.3) | 134 442 (3.4) | 0.063 | 976 (2.3) | 919 (2.2) | 0.009 |
| Unknown race | 5016 (11.9) | 459 638 (11.5) | 0.012 | 5016 (11.9) | 4308 (10.2) | 0.053 |
| Social economic status, n (%) | ||||||
| Persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances | 764 (1.8) | 84 041 (2.1) | 0.021 | 764 (1.8) | 678 (1.6) | 0.016 |
| Problems related to housing and economic circumstances | 332 (0.8) | 35 602 (0.9) | 0.011 | 332 (0.8) | 260 (0.6) | 0.020 |
| Problems related to employment and unemployment | 67 (0.2) | 9120 (0.2) | 0.016 | 67 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 0.003 |
| Lifestyles, n (%) | ||||||
| Tobacco use | 1820 (4.3) | 197 890 (4.9) | 0.030 | 1820 (4.3) | 1632 (3.9) | 0.022 |
| Nicotine dependence | 3083 (7.3) | 391 766 (9.8) | 0.089 | 3083 (7.3) | 2780 (6.6) | 0.028 |
| Alcohol related disorders | 875 (2.1) | 131 545 (3.3) | 0.075 | 875 (2.1) | 765 (1.8) | 0.019 |
| Medical utilization, n (%) | ||||||
| Office or other outpatient services | 27 097 (64.1) | 1 908 725 (47.6) | 0.337 | 27 094 (64.1) | 26 595 (62.9) | 0.025 |
| Emergency department services | 6504 (15.4) | 752 304 (18.8) | 0.090 | 6502 (15.4) | 8338 (19.7) | 0.114 |
| Hospital inpatient and observation care services | 4359 (10.3) | 447 811 (11.2) | 0.028 | 4359 (10.3) | 3812 (9.0) | 0.044 |
| Preventive medicine services | 3612 (8.5) | 394 642 (9.8) | 0.045 | 3611 (8.5) | 4454 (10.5) | 0.068 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertensive diseases | 27 271 (64.5) | 2 242 547 (55.9) | 0.176 | 27 268 (64.5) | 26 431 (62.5) | 0.041 |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | 22 336 (52.8) | 786 009 (19.6) | 0.737 | 22 333 (52.8) | 22 830 (54.0) | 0.024 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, unspecified | 22 599 (53.4) | 1 732 328 (43.2) | 0.206 | 22 599 (53.4) | 21 120 (49.9) | 0.070 |
| Other forms of heart disease | 15 322 (36.2) | 920 912 (23.0) | 0.294 | 15 320 (36.2) | 14 285 (33.8) | 0.051 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 854 (28.0) | 1 130 529 (28.2) | 0.004 | 11 854 (28.0) | 11 073 (26.2) | 0.042 |
| Sleep disorders | 8368 (19.8) | 502 575 (12.5) | 0.198 | 8365 (19.8) | 7960 (18.8) | 0.024 |
| Neoplasms | 7725 (18.3) | 597 566 (14.9) | 0.091 | 7725 (18.3) | 7253 (17.2) | 0.029 |
| Overweight and obesity | 7945 (18.8) | 657 781 (16.4) | 0.063 | 7944 (18.8) | 7403 (17.5) | 0.033 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 6935 (16.4) | 634 175 (15.8) | 0.016 | 6935 (16.4) | 6414 (15.2) | 0.034 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 6300 (14.9) | 520 335 (13.0) | 0.056 | 6299 (14.9) | 5874 (13.9) | 0.029 |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic mental disorders | 6416 (15.2) | 558 934 (13.9) | 0.035 | 6416 (15.2) | 5910 (14.0) | 0.034 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 6103 (14.4) | 348 265 (8.7) | 0.181 | 6100 (14.4) | 6081 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| Mood [affective] disorders | 5312 (12.6) | 509 905 (12.7) | 0.005 | 5312 (12.6) | 5604 (13.3) | 0.021 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 5263 (12.4) | 361 414 (9.0) | 0.111 | 5260 (12.4) | 4627 (10.9) | 0.047 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 4838 (11.4) | 382 286 (9.5) | 0.062 | 4836 (11.4) | 4404 (10.4) | 0.033 |
| Other peripheral vascular diseases | 3443 (8.1) | 144 455 (3.6) | 0.194 | 3443 (8.1) | 2349 (5.6) | 0.103 |
| Diseases of liver | 2964 (7.0) | 175 007 (4.4) | 0.114 | 2964 (7.0) | 2772 (6.6) | 0.018 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2636 (6.2) | 113 266 (2.8) | 0.165 | 2633 (6.2) | 2387 (5.6) | 0.025 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Vasoprotectives | 18 411 (43.5) | 1 435 975 (35.8) | 0.159 | 18 410 (43.5) | 18 402 (43.5) | 0.000 |
| Beta blocking agents | 17 274 (40.8) | 1 327 991 (33.1) | 0.161 | 17 273 (40.8) | 17 101 (40.4) | 0.008 |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 16 725 (39.6) | 1 589 078 (39.6) | 0.002 | 16 724 (39.6) | 16 541 (39.1) | 0.009 |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) | 13 490 (31.9) | 4 010 317 (100) | 2.066 | 13 490 (31.9) | 42 285 (100.0) | 2.066 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 13 357 (31.6) | 1 001 475 (25.0) | 0.147 | 13 356 (31.6) | 11 434 (27.0) | 0.100 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 022 (26.1) | 901 851 (22.5) | 0.083 | 11 021 (26.1) | 10 081 (23.8) | 0.051 |
| Vitamins | 7310 (17.3) | 575 351 (14.3) | 0.081 | 7309 (17.3) | 6210 (14.7) | 0.071 |
| Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 2496 (5.9) | 168 739 (4.2) | 0.077 | 2496 (5.9) | 1776 (4.2) | 0.078 |
| Immunosuppressants | 1849 (4.4) | 103 208 (2.6) | 0.098 | 1849 (4.4) | 1114 (2.6) | 0.095 |
| Laboratory, n (%) | ||||||
| LDL-cholesterol, mean ± SD | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 119.3 ± 46.55 | 0.360 | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 129.8 ± 45.15 | 0.157 |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 15 861 (37.5) | 726 510 (18.1) | 0.443 | 15 858 (37.5) | 14 855 (35.1) | 0.049 |
| HDL-cholesterol | ||||||
| <40 mg/dL | 9012 (21.3) | 583 092 (14.5) | 0.177 | 9012 (21.3) | 6963 (16.5) | 0.124 |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 17 294 (40.9) | 880 609 (22.0) | 0.417 | 17 291 (40.9) | 15 171 (35.9) | 0.103 |
| Triglyceride | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 9240 (21.9) | 435 473 (10.9) | 0.301 | 9239 (21.8) | 5346 (12.6) | 0.246 |
Bold font represents a standardized difference was more than 0.1. If the patient is less or equal to 10, results show the count as 10.
PSM, propensity score matching; PCSK9i, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors; SMD, standardized mean difference; SD, standard deviation; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein.
a Propensity score matching was performed on age at index, male, race (White), social economic status (persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic, and psychosocial circumstances), lifestyles (tobacco use, nicotine dependence, alcohol related disorders), medical utilization (office or other outpatient services, hospital inpatient, and observation care services), comorbidities (including hypertensive diseases, ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, vitamin D deficiency, chronic lower respiratory diseases, neoplasms, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other non-psychotic mental disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diseases of liver, sleep disorders), and laboratory results (LDL-C in serum or plasma).
| . | Before PSM . | After PSMa . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 288) . | Statin users (n = 4 010 317) . | SMD . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 285) . | Statin users (n = 42 285) . | SMD . |
| Age at index | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 63.0 ± 12.0 | 0.261 | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 65.9 ± 10.7 | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 32 110 (75.9) | 2 741 655 (68.4) | 0.169 | 32 107 (75.9) | 32 246 (76.3) | 0.008 |
| Black or African American | 3066 (7.3) | 487 130 (12.1) | 0.166 | 3066 (7.3) | 3439 (8.1) | 0.033 |
| Asian | 935 (2.2) | 162 463 (4.1) | 0.106 | 935 (2.2) | 1190 (2.8) | 0.039 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 96 (0.2) | 9426 (0.2) | 0.002 | 96 (0.2) | 69 (0.2) | 0.014 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 89 (0.2) | 15 563 (0.4) | 0.033 | 89 (0.2) | 114 (0.3) | 0.012 |
| Other race | 976 (2.3) | 134 442 (3.4) | 0.063 | 976 (2.3) | 919 (2.2) | 0.009 |
| Unknown race | 5016 (11.9) | 459 638 (11.5) | 0.012 | 5016 (11.9) | 4308 (10.2) | 0.053 |
| Social economic status, n (%) | ||||||
| Persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances | 764 (1.8) | 84 041 (2.1) | 0.021 | 764 (1.8) | 678 (1.6) | 0.016 |
| Problems related to housing and economic circumstances | 332 (0.8) | 35 602 (0.9) | 0.011 | 332 (0.8) | 260 (0.6) | 0.020 |
| Problems related to employment and unemployment | 67 (0.2) | 9120 (0.2) | 0.016 | 67 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 0.003 |
| Lifestyles, n (%) | ||||||
| Tobacco use | 1820 (4.3) | 197 890 (4.9) | 0.030 | 1820 (4.3) | 1632 (3.9) | 0.022 |
| Nicotine dependence | 3083 (7.3) | 391 766 (9.8) | 0.089 | 3083 (7.3) | 2780 (6.6) | 0.028 |
| Alcohol related disorders | 875 (2.1) | 131 545 (3.3) | 0.075 | 875 (2.1) | 765 (1.8) | 0.019 |
| Medical utilization, n (%) | ||||||
| Office or other outpatient services | 27 097 (64.1) | 1 908 725 (47.6) | 0.337 | 27 094 (64.1) | 26 595 (62.9) | 0.025 |
| Emergency department services | 6504 (15.4) | 752 304 (18.8) | 0.090 | 6502 (15.4) | 8338 (19.7) | 0.114 |
| Hospital inpatient and observation care services | 4359 (10.3) | 447 811 (11.2) | 0.028 | 4359 (10.3) | 3812 (9.0) | 0.044 |
| Preventive medicine services | 3612 (8.5) | 394 642 (9.8) | 0.045 | 3611 (8.5) | 4454 (10.5) | 0.068 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertensive diseases | 27 271 (64.5) | 2 242 547 (55.9) | 0.176 | 27 268 (64.5) | 26 431 (62.5) | 0.041 |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | 22 336 (52.8) | 786 009 (19.6) | 0.737 | 22 333 (52.8) | 22 830 (54.0) | 0.024 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, unspecified | 22 599 (53.4) | 1 732 328 (43.2) | 0.206 | 22 599 (53.4) | 21 120 (49.9) | 0.070 |
| Other forms of heart disease | 15 322 (36.2) | 920 912 (23.0) | 0.294 | 15 320 (36.2) | 14 285 (33.8) | 0.051 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 854 (28.0) | 1 130 529 (28.2) | 0.004 | 11 854 (28.0) | 11 073 (26.2) | 0.042 |
| Sleep disorders | 8368 (19.8) | 502 575 (12.5) | 0.198 | 8365 (19.8) | 7960 (18.8) | 0.024 |
| Neoplasms | 7725 (18.3) | 597 566 (14.9) | 0.091 | 7725 (18.3) | 7253 (17.2) | 0.029 |
| Overweight and obesity | 7945 (18.8) | 657 781 (16.4) | 0.063 | 7944 (18.8) | 7403 (17.5) | 0.033 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 6935 (16.4) | 634 175 (15.8) | 0.016 | 6935 (16.4) | 6414 (15.2) | 0.034 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 6300 (14.9) | 520 335 (13.0) | 0.056 | 6299 (14.9) | 5874 (13.9) | 0.029 |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic mental disorders | 6416 (15.2) | 558 934 (13.9) | 0.035 | 6416 (15.2) | 5910 (14.0) | 0.034 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 6103 (14.4) | 348 265 (8.7) | 0.181 | 6100 (14.4) | 6081 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| Mood [affective] disorders | 5312 (12.6) | 509 905 (12.7) | 0.005 | 5312 (12.6) | 5604 (13.3) | 0.021 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 5263 (12.4) | 361 414 (9.0) | 0.111 | 5260 (12.4) | 4627 (10.9) | 0.047 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 4838 (11.4) | 382 286 (9.5) | 0.062 | 4836 (11.4) | 4404 (10.4) | 0.033 |
| Other peripheral vascular diseases | 3443 (8.1) | 144 455 (3.6) | 0.194 | 3443 (8.1) | 2349 (5.6) | 0.103 |
| Diseases of liver | 2964 (7.0) | 175 007 (4.4) | 0.114 | 2964 (7.0) | 2772 (6.6) | 0.018 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2636 (6.2) | 113 266 (2.8) | 0.165 | 2633 (6.2) | 2387 (5.6) | 0.025 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Vasoprotectives | 18 411 (43.5) | 1 435 975 (35.8) | 0.159 | 18 410 (43.5) | 18 402 (43.5) | 0.000 |
| Beta blocking agents | 17 274 (40.8) | 1 327 991 (33.1) | 0.161 | 17 273 (40.8) | 17 101 (40.4) | 0.008 |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 16 725 (39.6) | 1 589 078 (39.6) | 0.002 | 16 724 (39.6) | 16 541 (39.1) | 0.009 |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) | 13 490 (31.9) | 4 010 317 (100) | 2.066 | 13 490 (31.9) | 42 285 (100.0) | 2.066 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 13 357 (31.6) | 1 001 475 (25.0) | 0.147 | 13 356 (31.6) | 11 434 (27.0) | 0.100 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 022 (26.1) | 901 851 (22.5) | 0.083 | 11 021 (26.1) | 10 081 (23.8) | 0.051 |
| Vitamins | 7310 (17.3) | 575 351 (14.3) | 0.081 | 7309 (17.3) | 6210 (14.7) | 0.071 |
| Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 2496 (5.9) | 168 739 (4.2) | 0.077 | 2496 (5.9) | 1776 (4.2) | 0.078 |
| Immunosuppressants | 1849 (4.4) | 103 208 (2.6) | 0.098 | 1849 (4.4) | 1114 (2.6) | 0.095 |
| Laboratory, n (%) | ||||||
| LDL-cholesterol, mean ± SD | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 119.3 ± 46.55 | 0.360 | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 129.8 ± 45.15 | 0.157 |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 15 861 (37.5) | 726 510 (18.1) | 0.443 | 15 858 (37.5) | 14 855 (35.1) | 0.049 |
| HDL-cholesterol | ||||||
| <40 mg/dL | 9012 (21.3) | 583 092 (14.5) | 0.177 | 9012 (21.3) | 6963 (16.5) | 0.124 |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 17 294 (40.9) | 880 609 (22.0) | 0.417 | 17 291 (40.9) | 15 171 (35.9) | 0.103 |
| Triglyceride | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 9240 (21.9) | 435 473 (10.9) | 0.301 | 9239 (21.8) | 5346 (12.6) | 0.246 |
| . | Before PSM . | After PSMa . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 288) . | Statin users (n = 4 010 317) . | SMD . | PCSK9i users (n = 42 285) . | Statin users (n = 42 285) . | SMD . |
| Age at index | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 63.0 ± 12.0 | 0.261 | 65.9 ± 10.0 | 65.9 ± 10.7 | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 32 110 (75.9) | 2 741 655 (68.4) | 0.169 | 32 107 (75.9) | 32 246 (76.3) | 0.008 |
| Black or African American | 3066 (7.3) | 487 130 (12.1) | 0.166 | 3066 (7.3) | 3439 (8.1) | 0.033 |
| Asian | 935 (2.2) | 162 463 (4.1) | 0.106 | 935 (2.2) | 1190 (2.8) | 0.039 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 96 (0.2) | 9426 (0.2) | 0.002 | 96 (0.2) | 69 (0.2) | 0.014 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 89 (0.2) | 15 563 (0.4) | 0.033 | 89 (0.2) | 114 (0.3) | 0.012 |
| Other race | 976 (2.3) | 134 442 (3.4) | 0.063 | 976 (2.3) | 919 (2.2) | 0.009 |
| Unknown race | 5016 (11.9) | 459 638 (11.5) | 0.012 | 5016 (11.9) | 4308 (10.2) | 0.053 |
| Social economic status, n (%) | ||||||
| Persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances | 764 (1.8) | 84 041 (2.1) | 0.021 | 764 (1.8) | 678 (1.6) | 0.016 |
| Problems related to housing and economic circumstances | 332 (0.8) | 35 602 (0.9) | 0.011 | 332 (0.8) | 260 (0.6) | 0.020 |
| Problems related to employment and unemployment | 67 (0.2) | 9120 (0.2) | 0.016 | 67 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 0.003 |
| Lifestyles, n (%) | ||||||
| Tobacco use | 1820 (4.3) | 197 890 (4.9) | 0.030 | 1820 (4.3) | 1632 (3.9) | 0.022 |
| Nicotine dependence | 3083 (7.3) | 391 766 (9.8) | 0.089 | 3083 (7.3) | 2780 (6.6) | 0.028 |
| Alcohol related disorders | 875 (2.1) | 131 545 (3.3) | 0.075 | 875 (2.1) | 765 (1.8) | 0.019 |
| Medical utilization, n (%) | ||||||
| Office or other outpatient services | 27 097 (64.1) | 1 908 725 (47.6) | 0.337 | 27 094 (64.1) | 26 595 (62.9) | 0.025 |
| Emergency department services | 6504 (15.4) | 752 304 (18.8) | 0.090 | 6502 (15.4) | 8338 (19.7) | 0.114 |
| Hospital inpatient and observation care services | 4359 (10.3) | 447 811 (11.2) | 0.028 | 4359 (10.3) | 3812 (9.0) | 0.044 |
| Preventive medicine services | 3612 (8.5) | 394 642 (9.8) | 0.045 | 3611 (8.5) | 4454 (10.5) | 0.068 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertensive diseases | 27 271 (64.5) | 2 242 547 (55.9) | 0.176 | 27 268 (64.5) | 26 431 (62.5) | 0.041 |
| Ischaemic heart diseases | 22 336 (52.8) | 786 009 (19.6) | 0.737 | 22 333 (52.8) | 22 830 (54.0) | 0.024 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, unspecified | 22 599 (53.4) | 1 732 328 (43.2) | 0.206 | 22 599 (53.4) | 21 120 (49.9) | 0.070 |
| Other forms of heart disease | 15 322 (36.2) | 920 912 (23.0) | 0.294 | 15 320 (36.2) | 14 285 (33.8) | 0.051 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 854 (28.0) | 1 130 529 (28.2) | 0.004 | 11 854 (28.0) | 11 073 (26.2) | 0.042 |
| Sleep disorders | 8368 (19.8) | 502 575 (12.5) | 0.198 | 8365 (19.8) | 7960 (18.8) | 0.024 |
| Neoplasms | 7725 (18.3) | 597 566 (14.9) | 0.091 | 7725 (18.3) | 7253 (17.2) | 0.029 |
| Overweight and obesity | 7945 (18.8) | 657 781 (16.4) | 0.063 | 7944 (18.8) | 7403 (17.5) | 0.033 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 6935 (16.4) | 634 175 (15.8) | 0.016 | 6935 (16.4) | 6414 (15.2) | 0.034 |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | 6300 (14.9) | 520 335 (13.0) | 0.056 | 6299 (14.9) | 5874 (13.9) | 0.029 |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic mental disorders | 6416 (15.2) | 558 934 (13.9) | 0.035 | 6416 (15.2) | 5910 (14.0) | 0.034 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 6103 (14.4) | 348 265 (8.7) | 0.181 | 6100 (14.4) | 6081 (14.4) | 0.001 |
| Mood [affective] disorders | 5312 (12.6) | 509 905 (12.7) | 0.005 | 5312 (12.6) | 5604 (13.3) | 0.021 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 5263 (12.4) | 361 414 (9.0) | 0.111 | 5260 (12.4) | 4627 (10.9) | 0.047 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | 4838 (11.4) | 382 286 (9.5) | 0.062 | 4836 (11.4) | 4404 (10.4) | 0.033 |
| Other peripheral vascular diseases | 3443 (8.1) | 144 455 (3.6) | 0.194 | 3443 (8.1) | 2349 (5.6) | 0.103 |
| Diseases of liver | 2964 (7.0) | 175 007 (4.4) | 0.114 | 2964 (7.0) | 2772 (6.6) | 0.018 |
| Atherosclerosis | 2636 (6.2) | 113 266 (2.8) | 0.165 | 2633 (6.2) | 2387 (5.6) | 0.025 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Vasoprotectives | 18 411 (43.5) | 1 435 975 (35.8) | 0.159 | 18 410 (43.5) | 18 402 (43.5) | 0.000 |
| Beta blocking agents | 17 274 (40.8) | 1 327 991 (33.1) | 0.161 | 17 273 (40.8) | 17 101 (40.4) | 0.008 |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 16 725 (39.6) | 1 589 078 (39.6) | 0.002 | 16 724 (39.6) | 16 541 (39.1) | 0.009 |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) | 13 490 (31.9) | 4 010 317 (100) | 2.066 | 13 490 (31.9) | 42 285 (100.0) | 2.066 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 13 357 (31.6) | 1 001 475 (25.0) | 0.147 | 13 356 (31.6) | 11 434 (27.0) | 0.100 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 11 022 (26.1) | 901 851 (22.5) | 0.083 | 11 021 (26.1) | 10 081 (23.8) | 0.051 |
| Vitamins | 7310 (17.3) | 575 351 (14.3) | 0.081 | 7309 (17.3) | 6210 (14.7) | 0.071 |
| Sex hormones and modulators of the genital system | 2496 (5.9) | 168 739 (4.2) | 0.077 | 2496 (5.9) | 1776 (4.2) | 0.078 |
| Immunosuppressants | 1849 (4.4) | 103 208 (2.6) | 0.098 | 1849 (4.4) | 1114 (2.6) | 0.095 |
| Laboratory, n (%) | ||||||
| LDL-cholesterol, mean ± SD | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 119.3 ± 46.55 | 0.360 | 137.8 ± 55.61 | 129.8 ± 45.15 | 0.157 |
| ≥130 mg/dL | 15 861 (37.5) | 726 510 (18.1) | 0.443 | 15 858 (37.5) | 14 855 (35.1) | 0.049 |
| HDL-cholesterol | ||||||
| <40 mg/dL | 9012 (21.3) | 583 092 (14.5) | 0.177 | 9012 (21.3) | 6963 (16.5) | 0.124 |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 17 294 (40.9) | 880 609 (22.0) | 0.417 | 17 291 (40.9) | 15 171 (35.9) | 0.103 |
| Triglyceride | ||||||
| ≥200 mg/dL | 9240 (21.9) | 435 473 (10.9) | 0.301 | 9239 (21.8) | 5346 (12.6) | 0.246 |
Bold font represents a standardized difference was more than 0.1. If the patient is less or equal to 10, results show the count as 10.
PSM, propensity score matching; PCSK9i, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors; SMD, standardized mean difference; SD, standard deviation; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein.
a Propensity score matching was performed on age at index, male, race (White), social economic status (persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic, and psychosocial circumstances), lifestyles (tobacco use, nicotine dependence, alcohol related disorders), medical utilization (office or other outpatient services, hospital inpatient, and observation care services), comorbidities (including hypertensive diseases, ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, vitamin D deficiency, chronic lower respiratory diseases, neoplasms, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform and other non-psychotic mental disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diseases of liver, sleep disorders), and laboratory results (LDL-C in serum or plasma).
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