Table 1 Open in new tab Proximate...

Sample	Moisture	Protein	Fat	Fibre	Carbohydrate	Ash	Brown index	a*	b*
RMS	12.25 ± 0.07^c	11.93 ± 0.06^h	1.35 ± 0.06^d	2.30 ± 0.06^c	71.54 ± 0.16^a	0.73 ± 0.03^d	10.26 ± 0.01^e	−2.38 ± 0.18^ef	17.17 ± 0.59^d
LPC	8.20 ± 0.02^h	55.00 ± 0.35^a	9.70 ± 0.11^a	4.77 ± 0.03^b	19.33 ± 0.22^d	3.00 ± 0.70^a	13.42 ± 0.01^a	−0.07 ± 0.01^a	20.64 ± 1.60^c
LF	9.10 ± 0.14^g	40.05 ± 0.09^b	12.01 ± 0.21^a	6.01 ± 0.16^a	29.84 ± 0.04^c	3.00 ± 1.41^a	13.20 ± 0.02^a	−2.18 ± 0.03^de	31.45 ± 0.01^a
LPC 3%	12.53 ± 0.01^a	13.20 ± 0.03^fg	1.60 ± 0.06^c	2.41 ± 0.21^c	69.53 ± 0.09^ab	0.73 ± 0.07^cd	11.07 ± 0.02^d	−1.66 ± 0.10^c	19.91 ± 0.04^c
LPC 7%	12.31 ± 0.01^bc	14.94 ± 0.12^e	1.93 ± 0.02^c	2.53 ± 0.54^c	67.49 ± 0.21^ab	0.80 ± 0.05^bcd	11.82 ± 0.21^bc	−1.70 ± 0.01^c	22.61 ± 0.02^bc
LPC 10%	12.43 ± 0.01^ab	16.24 ± 0.14^d	2.19 ± 0.01^bc	2.68 ± 0.11^c	65.63 ± 0.18^ab	0.83 ± 0.03^bcd	11.85 ± 0.01^bc	−1.41 ± 0.01^b	23.37 ± 0.01^bc
LPC 15%	12.15 ± 0.02^c	18.43 ± 0.30^c	2.60 ± 0.04^b	3.18 ± 0.03^c	62.71 ± 0.16^b	0.93 ± 0.03^bc	11.98 ± 0.01^b	−1.27 ± 0.01^b	23.90 ± 0.01^b
LF 3%	10.82 ± 0.02^de	12.72 ± 0.09^gh	1.67 ± 0.05^c	3.56 ± 0.09^c	70.60 ± 0.05^a	0.63 ± 0.02^d	11.45 ± 0.01^cd	−2.02 ± 0.01^d	22.16 ± 0.02^bc
LF 7%	10.71 ± 0.01^ef	13.85 ± 0.01^ef	2.10 ± 0.03^bc	4.19 ± 0.08^c	68.29 ± 0.02^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^bc	11.51 ± 0.01^cd	−2.32 ± 0.01^ef	23.17 ± 0.01^bc
LF 10%	10.90 ± 0.02^d	14.69 ± 0.15^e	2.42 ± 0.04^b	3.04 ± 0.02^c	68.02 ± 0.06^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^bc	11.78 ± 0.01^bc	−2.30 ± 0.01^ef	23.95 ± 0.02^b
LF 15%	10.66 ± 0.02^f	16.10 ± 0.01^d	2.95 ± 0.01^b	4.03 ± 0.06^bc	65.30 ± 0.11^ab	0.96 ± 0.01^b	11.87 ± 0.01^bc	−2.42 ± 0.01^f	24.14 ± 0.03^b

Sample

Moisture

Protein

Fat

Fibre

Carbohydrate

Ash

Brown index

(g/100 g)

(100-L*)

RMS

12.25 ± 0.07^c

11.93 ± 0.06^h

1.35 ± 0.06^d

2.30 ± 0.06^c

71.54 ± 0.16^a

0.73 ± 0.03^d

10.26 ± 0.01^e

−2.38 ± 0.18^ef

17.17 ± 0.59^d

LPC

8.20 ± 0.02^h

55.00 ± 0.35^a

9.70 ± 0.11^a

4.77 ± 0.03^b

19.33 ± 0.22^d

3.00 ± 0.70^a

13.42 ± 0.01^a

−0.07 ± 0.01^a

20.64 ± 1.60^c

9.10 ± 0.14^g

40.05 ± 0.09^b

12.01 ± 0.21^a

6.01 ± 0.16^a

29.84 ± 0.04^c

3.00 ± 1.41^a

13.20 ± 0.02^a

−2.18 ± 0.03^de

31.45 ± 0.01^a

LPC 3%

12.53 ± 0.01^a

13.20 ± 0.03^fg

1.60 ± 0.06^c

2.41 ± 0.21^c

69.53 ± 0.09^ab

0.73 ± 0.07^cd

11.07 ± 0.02^d

−1.66 ± 0.10^c

19.91 ± 0.04^c

LPC 7%

12.31 ± 0.01^bc

14.94 ± 0.12^e

1.93 ± 0.02^c

2.53 ± 0.54^c

67.49 ± 0.21^ab

0.80 ± 0.05^bcd

11.82 ± 0.21^bc

−1.70 ± 0.01^c

22.61 ± 0.02^bc

LPC 10%

12.43 ± 0.01^ab

16.24 ± 0.14^d

2.19 ± 0.01^bc

2.68 ± 0.11^c

65.63 ± 0.18^ab

0.83 ± 0.03^bcd

11.85 ± 0.01^bc

−1.41 ± 0.01^b

23.37 ± 0.01^bc

LPC 15%

12.15 ± 0.02^c

18.43 ± 0.30^c

2.60 ± 0.04^b

3.18 ± 0.03^c

62.71 ± 0.16^b

0.93 ± 0.03^bc

11.98 ± 0.01^b

−1.27 ± 0.01^b

23.90 ± 0.01^b

LF 3%

10.82 ± 0.02^de

12.72 ± 0.09^gh

1.67 ± 0.05^c

3.56 ± 0.09^c

70.60 ± 0.05^a

0.63 ± 0.02^d

11.45 ± 0.01^cd

−2.02 ± 0.01^d

22.16 ± 0.02^bc

LF 7%

10.71 ± 0.01^ef

13.85 ± 0.01^ef

2.10 ± 0.03^bc

4.19 ± 0.08^c

68.29 ± 0.02^ab

0.86 ± 0.01^bc

11.51 ± 0.01^cd

−2.32 ± 0.01^ef

23.17 ± 0.01^bc

LF 10%

10.90 ± 0.02^d

14.69 ± 0.15^e

2.42 ± 0.04^b

3.04 ± 0.02^c

68.02 ± 0.06^ab

0.93 ± 0.01^bc

11.78 ± 0.01^bc

−2.30 ± 0.01^ef

23.95 ± 0.02^b

LF 15%

10.66 ± 0.02^f

16.10 ± 0.01^d

2.95 ± 0.01^b

4.03 ± 0.06^bc

65.30 ± 0.11^ab

0.96 ± 0.01^b

11.87 ± 0.01^bc

−2.42 ± 0.01^f

24.14 ± 0.03^b

Sample	Moisture	Protein	Fat	Fibre	Carbohydrate	Ash	Brown index	a*	b*
RMS	12.25 ± 0.07^c	11.93 ± 0.06^h	1.35 ± 0.06^d	2.30 ± 0.06^c	71.54 ± 0.16^a	0.73 ± 0.03^d	10.26 ± 0.01^e	−2.38 ± 0.18^ef	17.17 ± 0.59^d
LPC	8.20 ± 0.02^h	55.00 ± 0.35^a	9.70 ± 0.11^a	4.77 ± 0.03^b	19.33 ± 0.22^d	3.00 ± 0.70^a	13.42 ± 0.01^a	−0.07 ± 0.01^a	20.64 ± 1.60^c
LF	9.10 ± 0.14^g	40.05 ± 0.09^b	12.01 ± 0.21^a	6.01 ± 0.16^a	29.84 ± 0.04^c	3.00 ± 1.41^a	13.20 ± 0.02^a	−2.18 ± 0.03^de	31.45 ± 0.01^a
LPC 3%	12.53 ± 0.01^a	13.20 ± 0.03^fg	1.60 ± 0.06^c	2.41 ± 0.21^c	69.53 ± 0.09^ab	0.73 ± 0.07^cd	11.07 ± 0.02^d	−1.66 ± 0.10^c	19.91 ± 0.04^c
LPC 7%	12.31 ± 0.01^bc	14.94 ± 0.12^e	1.93 ± 0.02^c	2.53 ± 0.54^c	67.49 ± 0.21^ab	0.80 ± 0.05^bcd	11.82 ± 0.21^bc	−1.70 ± 0.01^c	22.61 ± 0.02^bc
LPC 10%	12.43 ± 0.01^ab	16.24 ± 0.14^d	2.19 ± 0.01^bc	2.68 ± 0.11^c	65.63 ± 0.18^ab	0.83 ± 0.03^bcd	11.85 ± 0.01^bc	−1.41 ± 0.01^b	23.37 ± 0.01^bc
LPC 15%	12.15 ± 0.02^c	18.43 ± 0.30^c	2.60 ± 0.04^b	3.18 ± 0.03^c	62.71 ± 0.16^b	0.93 ± 0.03^bc	11.98 ± 0.01^b	−1.27 ± 0.01^b	23.90 ± 0.01^b
LF 3%	10.82 ± 0.02^de	12.72 ± 0.09^gh	1.67 ± 0.05^c	3.56 ± 0.09^c	70.60 ± 0.05^a	0.63 ± 0.02^d	11.45 ± 0.01^cd	−2.02 ± 0.01^d	22.16 ± 0.02^bc
LF 7%	10.71 ± 0.01^ef	13.85 ± 0.01^ef	2.10 ± 0.03^bc	4.19 ± 0.08^c	68.29 ± 0.02^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^bc	11.51 ± 0.01^cd	−2.32 ± 0.01^ef	23.17 ± 0.01^bc
LF 10%	10.90 ± 0.02^d	14.69 ± 0.15^e	2.42 ± 0.04^b	3.04 ± 0.02^c	68.02 ± 0.06^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^bc	11.78 ± 0.01^bc	−2.30 ± 0.01^ef	23.95 ± 0.02^b
LF 15%	10.66 ± 0.02^f	16.10 ± 0.01^d	2.95 ± 0.01^b	4.03 ± 0.06^bc	65.30 ± 0.11^ab	0.96 ± 0.01^b	11.87 ± 0.01^bc	−2.42 ± 0.01^f	24.14 ± 0.03^b

Table 1

Open in new tab

Proximate composition and colour features of re-milled semolina (RMS), narrow-leaved lupin protein concentrate (LPC), white lupin flour (LF) and their mixes at different percentages (3, 7, 10 and 15 g/100 g)

Sample	Moisture	Protein	Fat	Fibre	Carbohydrate	Ash	Brown index	a*	b*
Sample	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(100-L*)	a*	b*
RMS	12.25 ± 0.07^c	11.93 ± 0.06^h	1.35 ± 0.06^d	2.30 ± 0.06^c	71.54 ± 0.16^a	0.73 ± 0.03^d	10.26 ± 0.01^e	−2.38 ± 0.18^ef	17.17 ± 0.59^d
LPC	8.20 ± 0.02^h	55.00 ± 0.35^a	9.70 ± 0.11^a	4.77 ± 0.03^b	19.33 ± 0.22^d	3.00 ± 0.70^a	13.42 ± 0.01^a	−0.07 ± 0.01^a	20.64 ± 1.60^c
LF	9.10 ± 0.14^g	40.05 ± 0.09^b	12.01 ± 0.21^a	6.01 ± 0.16^a	29.84 ± 0.04^c	3.00 ± 1.41^a	13.20 ± 0.02^a	−2.18 ± 0.03^de	31.45 ± 0.01^a
LPC 3%	12.53 ± 0.01^a	13.20 ± 0.03^fg	1.60 ± 0.06^c	2.41 ± 0.21^c	69.53 ± 0.09^ab	0.73 ± 0.07^cd	11.07 ± 0.02^d	−1.66 ± 0.10^c	19.91 ± 0.04^c
LPC 7%	12.31 ± 0.01^bc	14.94 ± 0.12^e	1.93 ± 0.02^c	2.53 ± 0.54^c	67.49 ± 0.21^ab	0.80 ± 0.05^bcd	11.82 ± 0.21^bc	−1.70 ± 0.01^c	22.61 ± 0.02^bc
LPC 10%	12.43 ± 0.01^ab	16.24 ± 0.14^d	2.19 ± 0.01^bc	2.68 ± 0.11^c	65.63 ± 0.18^ab	0.83 ± 0.03^bcd	11.85 ± 0.01^bc	−1.41 ± 0.01^b	23.37 ± 0.01^bc
LPC 15%	12.15 ± 0.02^c	18.43 ± 0.30^c	2.60 ± 0.04^b	3.18 ± 0.03^c	62.71 ± 0.16^b	0.93 ± 0.03^bc	11.98 ± 0.01^b	−1.27 ± 0.01^b	23.90 ± 0.01^b
LF 3%	10.82 ± 0.02^de	12.72 ± 0.09^gh	1.67 ± 0.05^c	3.56 ± 0.09^c	70.60 ± 0.05^a	0.63 ± 0.02^d	11.45 ± 0.01^cd	−2.02 ± 0.01^d	22.16 ± 0.02^bc
LF 7%	10.71 ± 0.01^ef	13.85 ± 0.01^ef	2.10 ± 0.03^bc	4.19 ± 0.08^c	68.29 ± 0.02^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^bc	11.51 ± 0.01^cd	−2.32 ± 0.01^ef	23.17 ± 0.01^bc
LF 10%	10.90 ± 0.02^d	14.69 ± 0.15^e	2.42 ± 0.04^b	3.04 ± 0.02^c	68.02 ± 0.06^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^bc	11.78 ± 0.01^bc	−2.30 ± 0.01^ef	23.95 ± 0.02^b
LF 15%	10.66 ± 0.02^f	16.10 ± 0.01^d	2.95 ± 0.01^b	4.03 ± 0.06^bc	65.30 ± 0.11^ab	0.96 ± 0.01^b	11.87 ± 0.01^bc	−2.42 ± 0.01^f	24.14 ± 0.03^b

Sample	Moisture	Protein	Fat	Fibre	Carbohydrate	Ash	Brown index	a*	b*
Sample	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(g/100 g)	(100-L*)	a*	b*
RMS	12.25 ± 0.07^c	11.93 ± 0.06^h	1.35 ± 0.06^d	2.30 ± 0.06^c	71.54 ± 0.16^a	0.73 ± 0.03^d	10.26 ± 0.01^e	−2.38 ± 0.18^ef	17.17 ± 0.59^d
LPC	8.20 ± 0.02^h	55.00 ± 0.35^a	9.70 ± 0.11^a	4.77 ± 0.03^b	19.33 ± 0.22^d	3.00 ± 0.70^a	13.42 ± 0.01^a	−0.07 ± 0.01^a	20.64 ± 1.60^c
LF	9.10 ± 0.14^g	40.05 ± 0.09^b	12.01 ± 0.21^a	6.01 ± 0.16^a	29.84 ± 0.04^c	3.00 ± 1.41^a	13.20 ± 0.02^a	−2.18 ± 0.03^de	31.45 ± 0.01^a
LPC 3%	12.53 ± 0.01^a	13.20 ± 0.03^fg	1.60 ± 0.06^c	2.41 ± 0.21^c	69.53 ± 0.09^ab	0.73 ± 0.07^cd	11.07 ± 0.02^d	−1.66 ± 0.10^c	19.91 ± 0.04^c
LPC 7%	12.31 ± 0.01^bc	14.94 ± 0.12^e	1.93 ± 0.02^c	2.53 ± 0.54^c	67.49 ± 0.21^ab	0.80 ± 0.05^bcd	11.82 ± 0.21^bc	−1.70 ± 0.01^c	22.61 ± 0.02^bc
LPC 10%	12.43 ± 0.01^ab	16.24 ± 0.14^d	2.19 ± 0.01^bc	2.68 ± 0.11^c	65.63 ± 0.18^ab	0.83 ± 0.03^bcd	11.85 ± 0.01^bc	−1.41 ± 0.01^b	23.37 ± 0.01^bc
LPC 15%	12.15 ± 0.02^c	18.43 ± 0.30^c	2.60 ± 0.04^b	3.18 ± 0.03^c	62.71 ± 0.16^b	0.93 ± 0.03^bc	11.98 ± 0.01^b	−1.27 ± 0.01^b	23.90 ± 0.01^b
LF 3%	10.82 ± 0.02^de	12.72 ± 0.09^gh	1.67 ± 0.05^c	3.56 ± 0.09^c	70.60 ± 0.05^a	0.63 ± 0.02^d	11.45 ± 0.01^cd	−2.02 ± 0.01^d	22.16 ± 0.02^bc
LF 7%	10.71 ± 0.01^ef	13.85 ± 0.01^ef	2.10 ± 0.03^bc	4.19 ± 0.08^c	68.29 ± 0.02^ab	0.86 ± 0.01^bc	11.51 ± 0.01^cd	−2.32 ± 0.01^ef	23.17 ± 0.01^bc
LF 10%	10.90 ± 0.02^d	14.69 ± 0.15^e	2.42 ± 0.04^b	3.04 ± 0.02^c	68.02 ± 0.06^ab	0.93 ± 0.01^bc	11.78 ± 0.01^bc	−2.30 ± 0.01^ef	23.95 ± 0.02^b
LF 15%	10.66 ± 0.02^f	16.10 ± 0.01^d	2.95 ± 0.01^b	4.03 ± 0.06^bc	65.30 ± 0.11^ab	0.96 ± 0.01^b	11.87 ± 0.01^bc	−2.42 ± 0.01^f	24.14 ± 0.03^b

Different letters in column indicate a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001; P ≤ 0.01 for b*).

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only