| Characteristic . | Survived (n = 49) . | Died (n = 15) . | Total (n = 64) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 35 (71) | 10 (67) | 45 (70) | .753 |
| Age, y | 64 (53–69) | 58 (45–61) | 60 (52–68) | .068 |
| Race and ethnicity | >.999 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 35 (71) | 11 (73) | 46 (72) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (18) | 3 (20) | 12 (19) | |
| African American | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 3 (5) | |
| Asian | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | |
| Body mass index | 27 (25–31) | 26 (20–33) | 27 (24–31) | .379 |
| Smoking | >.999 | |||
| None | 27 (55) | 8 (53) | 35 (55) | |
| Current | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Former | 17 (35) | 6 (40) | 23 (36) | |
| Alcohol | .043 | |||
| None | 30 (61) | 14 (93) | 44 (69) | |
| Current | 18 (37) | 1 (7) | 19 (30) | |
| Former | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Malignancy type | .473 | |||
| Hematologic | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | |
| Solid | 18 (37) | 4 (27) | 22 (34) | |
| Active malignancy status at diagnosis of PL | 45 (92) | 13 (87) | 58 (91) | .618 |
| Active chemotherapya | 31 (63) | 12 (80) | 43 (67) | .348 |
| Corticosteroid use | 10 (20) | 5 (33) | 15 (23) | .315 |
| History of HSCT | 14 (29) | 6 (40) | 20 (31) | .526 |
| Type of HSCT | .778 | |||
| Allogenic | 9/14 (64) | 4/6 (67) | 13/20 (65) | |
| Autologous | 5/14 (36) | 2/6 (33) | 7/20 (35) | |
| Graft-vs-host disease | 5/9 (56) | 2/4 (50) | 7/13 (54) | >.999 |
| Other underlying risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 9 (18) | 1 (7) | 10 (16) | .429 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (12) | 1 (7) | 7 (11) | >.999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| History of splenectomy | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | >.999 |
| Neutropenia at diagnosis, neutrophils/µL | 10 (20) | 6 (40) | 16 (25) | .173 |
| 500–1000 | 2 (4) | 2 (13) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 5 (10) | 3 (20) | 8 (13) | |
| <100 | 3 (6) | 1 (7) | 4 (6) | |
| Lymphopenia at diagnosis, lymphocytes/µL | 38 (78) | 10 (67) | 48 (75) | .498 |
| 500–1000 | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 28 (57) | 8 (53) | 36 (56) | |
| <100 | 6 (12) | 2 (13) | 8 (13) | |
| Clinical presentation of PL | ||||
| Cough | 42 (86) | 12 (80) | 54 (84) | .687 |
| Fever | 40 (82) | 12 (80) | 52 (81) | >.999 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (65) | 12 (80) | 44 (69) | .354 |
| Hypoxia | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | .473 |
| Headache | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 6 (9) | .322 |
| Confusion | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | >.999 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | .329 |
| Clinical laboratory findings | ||||
| Elevated liver enzyme | 27 (55) | 10 (67) | 37 (58) | .427 |
| Hyponatremia | 15 (31) | 10 (67) | 25 (39) | .012 |
| Acute kidney injury | 11 (22) | 6 (40) | 17 (27) | .197 |
| Computed tomography findingsb | 47 | 12 | 59 | |
| Airspace consolidation | 42 (89) | 11 (92) | 53 (90) | >.999 |
| Ground glass opacities | 34 (72) | 10 (83) | 44 (75) | .712 |
| Multilobar infiltrate | 32 (68) | 10 (83) | 42 (71) | .478 |
| Adenopathy | 30 (64) | 8 (67) | 38 (64) | >.999 |
| Nodules | 30 (64) | 6 (50) | 36 (61) | .510 |
| Pleural effusions | 26 (55) | 8 (67) | 34 (58) | .478 |
| Mass-like consolidation | 13 (28) | 4 (33) | 17 (29) | .729 |
| Halo sign | 5 (11) | 0 (0) | 5 (9) | .573 |
| Cavitation | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Reversed halo sign | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| Bilateral | 27 (57) | 11 (92) | 38 (64) | .041 |
| Legionella type | .740 | |||
| L pneumophila | 35 (71) | 12 (80) | 47 (73) | |
| Legionella, not pneumophila | 14 (29) | 3 (20) | 17 (27) | |
| Coinfectionsc | 16 (33) | 4 (27) | 20 (31) | .759 |
| Bacterial | 7 (14) | 2 (13) | 9 (14) | >.999 |
| Viral | 9 (18) | 2 (13) | 11 (17) | >.999 |
| Fungal | 1 (2) | 2 (13) | 3 (5) | .134 |
| SOFA at PL diagnosis | 3 (2–5) | 6 (4–7) | 4 (2–6) | .051 |
| Time to PL diagnosis from admission, median (range) | 0 (1–13) | 2 (0–10) | 2.5 (0–13) | .055 |
| Infectious diseases consultation | 46 (94) | 13 (87) | 59 (92) | .583 |
| Treatment for PLd | .487 | |||
| Monotherapy | 35 (71) | 12/14 (86) | 47/63 (75) | |
| Combination | 14 (29) | 2/14 (14) | 16/63 (25) | |
| Levofloxacin-containing regimen | 30 (61) | 10 (67) | 40 (63) | .546 |
| Time to initiation of appropriate antibioticsd from admission, d | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .268 |
| Intensive care unit stay within 1 wk of PL diagnosis | 6 (12) | 11 (73) | 17 (27) | <.0001 |
| Characteristic . | Survived (n = 49) . | Died (n = 15) . | Total (n = 64) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 35 (71) | 10 (67) | 45 (70) | .753 |
| Age, y | 64 (53–69) | 58 (45–61) | 60 (52–68) | .068 |
| Race and ethnicity | >.999 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 35 (71) | 11 (73) | 46 (72) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (18) | 3 (20) | 12 (19) | |
| African American | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 3 (5) | |
| Asian | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | |
| Body mass index | 27 (25–31) | 26 (20–33) | 27 (24–31) | .379 |
| Smoking | >.999 | |||
| None | 27 (55) | 8 (53) | 35 (55) | |
| Current | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Former | 17 (35) | 6 (40) | 23 (36) | |
| Alcohol | .043 | |||
| None | 30 (61) | 14 (93) | 44 (69) | |
| Current | 18 (37) | 1 (7) | 19 (30) | |
| Former | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Malignancy type | .473 | |||
| Hematologic | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | |
| Solid | 18 (37) | 4 (27) | 22 (34) | |
| Active malignancy status at diagnosis of PL | 45 (92) | 13 (87) | 58 (91) | .618 |
| Active chemotherapya | 31 (63) | 12 (80) | 43 (67) | .348 |
| Corticosteroid use | 10 (20) | 5 (33) | 15 (23) | .315 |
| History of HSCT | 14 (29) | 6 (40) | 20 (31) | .526 |
| Type of HSCT | .778 | |||
| Allogenic | 9/14 (64) | 4/6 (67) | 13/20 (65) | |
| Autologous | 5/14 (36) | 2/6 (33) | 7/20 (35) | |
| Graft-vs-host disease | 5/9 (56) | 2/4 (50) | 7/13 (54) | >.999 |
| Other underlying risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 9 (18) | 1 (7) | 10 (16) | .429 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (12) | 1 (7) | 7 (11) | >.999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| History of splenectomy | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | >.999 |
| Neutropenia at diagnosis, neutrophils/µL | 10 (20) | 6 (40) | 16 (25) | .173 |
| 500–1000 | 2 (4) | 2 (13) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 5 (10) | 3 (20) | 8 (13) | |
| <100 | 3 (6) | 1 (7) | 4 (6) | |
| Lymphopenia at diagnosis, lymphocytes/µL | 38 (78) | 10 (67) | 48 (75) | .498 |
| 500–1000 | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 28 (57) | 8 (53) | 36 (56) | |
| <100 | 6 (12) | 2 (13) | 8 (13) | |
| Clinical presentation of PL | ||||
| Cough | 42 (86) | 12 (80) | 54 (84) | .687 |
| Fever | 40 (82) | 12 (80) | 52 (81) | >.999 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (65) | 12 (80) | 44 (69) | .354 |
| Hypoxia | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | .473 |
| Headache | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 6 (9) | .322 |
| Confusion | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | >.999 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | .329 |
| Clinical laboratory findings | ||||
| Elevated liver enzyme | 27 (55) | 10 (67) | 37 (58) | .427 |
| Hyponatremia | 15 (31) | 10 (67) | 25 (39) | .012 |
| Acute kidney injury | 11 (22) | 6 (40) | 17 (27) | .197 |
| Computed tomography findingsb | 47 | 12 | 59 | |
| Airspace consolidation | 42 (89) | 11 (92) | 53 (90) | >.999 |
| Ground glass opacities | 34 (72) | 10 (83) | 44 (75) | .712 |
| Multilobar infiltrate | 32 (68) | 10 (83) | 42 (71) | .478 |
| Adenopathy | 30 (64) | 8 (67) | 38 (64) | >.999 |
| Nodules | 30 (64) | 6 (50) | 36 (61) | .510 |
| Pleural effusions | 26 (55) | 8 (67) | 34 (58) | .478 |
| Mass-like consolidation | 13 (28) | 4 (33) | 17 (29) | .729 |
| Halo sign | 5 (11) | 0 (0) | 5 (9) | .573 |
| Cavitation | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Reversed halo sign | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| Bilateral | 27 (57) | 11 (92) | 38 (64) | .041 |
| Legionella type | .740 | |||
| L pneumophila | 35 (71) | 12 (80) | 47 (73) | |
| Legionella, not pneumophila | 14 (29) | 3 (20) | 17 (27) | |
| Coinfectionsc | 16 (33) | 4 (27) | 20 (31) | .759 |
| Bacterial | 7 (14) | 2 (13) | 9 (14) | >.999 |
| Viral | 9 (18) | 2 (13) | 11 (17) | >.999 |
| Fungal | 1 (2) | 2 (13) | 3 (5) | .134 |
| SOFA at PL diagnosis | 3 (2–5) | 6 (4–7) | 4 (2–6) | .051 |
| Time to PL diagnosis from admission, median (range) | 0 (1–13) | 2 (0–10) | 2.5 (0–13) | .055 |
| Infectious diseases consultation | 46 (94) | 13 (87) | 59 (92) | .583 |
| Treatment for PLd | .487 | |||
| Monotherapy | 35 (71) | 12/14 (86) | 47/63 (75) | |
| Combination | 14 (29) | 2/14 (14) | 16/63 (25) | |
| Levofloxacin-containing regimen | 30 (61) | 10 (67) | 40 (63) | .546 |
| Time to initiation of appropriate antibioticsd from admission, d | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .268 |
| Intensive care unit stay within 1 wk of PL diagnosis | 6 (12) | 11 (73) | 17 (27) | <.0001 |
Data are presented as No. (%) and median (IQR) unless noted otherwise. Bold P values indicate P < .05.
Abbreviations: HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; PL, pulmonary legionellosis; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aActive chemotherapies were administered within 90 days of PL diagnosis.
bComputed tomography findings were obtained within 7 days before or after PL diagnosis.
cThree patients had >1 category of copathogens (2 with bacteria and virus, 1 with virus and fungus).
dAntibiotics having activity against Legionella, including levofloxacin, azithromycin, and doxycycline.
| Characteristic . | Survived (n = 49) . | Died (n = 15) . | Total (n = 64) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 35 (71) | 10 (67) | 45 (70) | .753 |
| Age, y | 64 (53–69) | 58 (45–61) | 60 (52–68) | .068 |
| Race and ethnicity | >.999 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 35 (71) | 11 (73) | 46 (72) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (18) | 3 (20) | 12 (19) | |
| African American | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 3 (5) | |
| Asian | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | |
| Body mass index | 27 (25–31) | 26 (20–33) | 27 (24–31) | .379 |
| Smoking | >.999 | |||
| None | 27 (55) | 8 (53) | 35 (55) | |
| Current | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Former | 17 (35) | 6 (40) | 23 (36) | |
| Alcohol | .043 | |||
| None | 30 (61) | 14 (93) | 44 (69) | |
| Current | 18 (37) | 1 (7) | 19 (30) | |
| Former | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Malignancy type | .473 | |||
| Hematologic | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | |
| Solid | 18 (37) | 4 (27) | 22 (34) | |
| Active malignancy status at diagnosis of PL | 45 (92) | 13 (87) | 58 (91) | .618 |
| Active chemotherapya | 31 (63) | 12 (80) | 43 (67) | .348 |
| Corticosteroid use | 10 (20) | 5 (33) | 15 (23) | .315 |
| History of HSCT | 14 (29) | 6 (40) | 20 (31) | .526 |
| Type of HSCT | .778 | |||
| Allogenic | 9/14 (64) | 4/6 (67) | 13/20 (65) | |
| Autologous | 5/14 (36) | 2/6 (33) | 7/20 (35) | |
| Graft-vs-host disease | 5/9 (56) | 2/4 (50) | 7/13 (54) | >.999 |
| Other underlying risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 9 (18) | 1 (7) | 10 (16) | .429 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (12) | 1 (7) | 7 (11) | >.999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| History of splenectomy | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | >.999 |
| Neutropenia at diagnosis, neutrophils/µL | 10 (20) | 6 (40) | 16 (25) | .173 |
| 500–1000 | 2 (4) | 2 (13) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 5 (10) | 3 (20) | 8 (13) | |
| <100 | 3 (6) | 1 (7) | 4 (6) | |
| Lymphopenia at diagnosis, lymphocytes/µL | 38 (78) | 10 (67) | 48 (75) | .498 |
| 500–1000 | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 28 (57) | 8 (53) | 36 (56) | |
| <100 | 6 (12) | 2 (13) | 8 (13) | |
| Clinical presentation of PL | ||||
| Cough | 42 (86) | 12 (80) | 54 (84) | .687 |
| Fever | 40 (82) | 12 (80) | 52 (81) | >.999 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (65) | 12 (80) | 44 (69) | .354 |
| Hypoxia | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | .473 |
| Headache | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 6 (9) | .322 |
| Confusion | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | >.999 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | .329 |
| Clinical laboratory findings | ||||
| Elevated liver enzyme | 27 (55) | 10 (67) | 37 (58) | .427 |
| Hyponatremia | 15 (31) | 10 (67) | 25 (39) | .012 |
| Acute kidney injury | 11 (22) | 6 (40) | 17 (27) | .197 |
| Computed tomography findingsb | 47 | 12 | 59 | |
| Airspace consolidation | 42 (89) | 11 (92) | 53 (90) | >.999 |
| Ground glass opacities | 34 (72) | 10 (83) | 44 (75) | .712 |
| Multilobar infiltrate | 32 (68) | 10 (83) | 42 (71) | .478 |
| Adenopathy | 30 (64) | 8 (67) | 38 (64) | >.999 |
| Nodules | 30 (64) | 6 (50) | 36 (61) | .510 |
| Pleural effusions | 26 (55) | 8 (67) | 34 (58) | .478 |
| Mass-like consolidation | 13 (28) | 4 (33) | 17 (29) | .729 |
| Halo sign | 5 (11) | 0 (0) | 5 (9) | .573 |
| Cavitation | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Reversed halo sign | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| Bilateral | 27 (57) | 11 (92) | 38 (64) | .041 |
| Legionella type | .740 | |||
| L pneumophila | 35 (71) | 12 (80) | 47 (73) | |
| Legionella, not pneumophila | 14 (29) | 3 (20) | 17 (27) | |
| Coinfectionsc | 16 (33) | 4 (27) | 20 (31) | .759 |
| Bacterial | 7 (14) | 2 (13) | 9 (14) | >.999 |
| Viral | 9 (18) | 2 (13) | 11 (17) | >.999 |
| Fungal | 1 (2) | 2 (13) | 3 (5) | .134 |
| SOFA at PL diagnosis | 3 (2–5) | 6 (4–7) | 4 (2–6) | .051 |
| Time to PL diagnosis from admission, median (range) | 0 (1–13) | 2 (0–10) | 2.5 (0–13) | .055 |
| Infectious diseases consultation | 46 (94) | 13 (87) | 59 (92) | .583 |
| Treatment for PLd | .487 | |||
| Monotherapy | 35 (71) | 12/14 (86) | 47/63 (75) | |
| Combination | 14 (29) | 2/14 (14) | 16/63 (25) | |
| Levofloxacin-containing regimen | 30 (61) | 10 (67) | 40 (63) | .546 |
| Time to initiation of appropriate antibioticsd from admission, d | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .268 |
| Intensive care unit stay within 1 wk of PL diagnosis | 6 (12) | 11 (73) | 17 (27) | <.0001 |
| Characteristic . | Survived (n = 49) . | Died (n = 15) . | Total (n = 64) . | P Value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 35 (71) | 10 (67) | 45 (70) | .753 |
| Age, y | 64 (53–69) | 58 (45–61) | 60 (52–68) | .068 |
| Race and ethnicity | >.999 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 35 (71) | 11 (73) | 46 (72) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (18) | 3 (20) | 12 (19) | |
| African American | 2 (4) | 1 (7) | 3 (5) | |
| Asian | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | |
| Body mass index | 27 (25–31) | 26 (20–33) | 27 (24–31) | .379 |
| Smoking | >.999 | |||
| None | 27 (55) | 8 (53) | 35 (55) | |
| Current | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Former | 17 (35) | 6 (40) | 23 (36) | |
| Alcohol | .043 | |||
| None | 30 (61) | 14 (93) | 44 (69) | |
| Current | 18 (37) | 1 (7) | 19 (30) | |
| Former | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Malignancy type | .473 | |||
| Hematologic | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | |
| Solid | 18 (37) | 4 (27) | 22 (34) | |
| Active malignancy status at diagnosis of PL | 45 (92) | 13 (87) | 58 (91) | .618 |
| Active chemotherapya | 31 (63) | 12 (80) | 43 (67) | .348 |
| Corticosteroid use | 10 (20) | 5 (33) | 15 (23) | .315 |
| History of HSCT | 14 (29) | 6 (40) | 20 (31) | .526 |
| Type of HSCT | .778 | |||
| Allogenic | 9/14 (64) | 4/6 (67) | 13/20 (65) | |
| Autologous | 5/14 (36) | 2/6 (33) | 7/20 (35) | |
| Graft-vs-host disease | 5/9 (56) | 2/4 (50) | 7/13 (54) | >.999 |
| Other underlying risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 9 (18) | 1 (7) | 10 (16) | .429 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (12) | 1 (7) | 7 (11) | >.999 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Chronic heart failure | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| History of splenectomy | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | >.999 |
| Neutropenia at diagnosis, neutrophils/µL | 10 (20) | 6 (40) | 16 (25) | .173 |
| 500–1000 | 2 (4) | 2 (13) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 5 (10) | 3 (20) | 8 (13) | |
| <100 | 3 (6) | 1 (7) | 4 (6) | |
| Lymphopenia at diagnosis, lymphocytes/µL | 38 (78) | 10 (67) | 48 (75) | .498 |
| 500–1000 | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | |
| 100–500 | 28 (57) | 8 (53) | 36 (56) | |
| <100 | 6 (12) | 2 (13) | 8 (13) | |
| Clinical presentation of PL | ||||
| Cough | 42 (86) | 12 (80) | 54 (84) | .687 |
| Fever | 40 (82) | 12 (80) | 52 (81) | >.999 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (65) | 12 (80) | 44 (69) | .354 |
| Hypoxia | 31 (63) | 11 (73) | 42 (66) | .473 |
| Headache | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (16) | 0 (0) | 8 (13) | .181 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 6 (12) | 0 (0) | 6 (9) | .322 |
| Confusion | 5 (10) | 1 (7) | 6 (9) | >.999 |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 5 (8) | .329 |
| Clinical laboratory findings | ||||
| Elevated liver enzyme | 27 (55) | 10 (67) | 37 (58) | .427 |
| Hyponatremia | 15 (31) | 10 (67) | 25 (39) | .012 |
| Acute kidney injury | 11 (22) | 6 (40) | 17 (27) | .197 |
| Computed tomography findingsb | 47 | 12 | 59 | |
| Airspace consolidation | 42 (89) | 11 (92) | 53 (90) | >.999 |
| Ground glass opacities | 34 (72) | 10 (83) | 44 (75) | .712 |
| Multilobar infiltrate | 32 (68) | 10 (83) | 42 (71) | .478 |
| Adenopathy | 30 (64) | 8 (67) | 38 (64) | >.999 |
| Nodules | 30 (64) | 6 (50) | 36 (61) | .510 |
| Pleural effusions | 26 (55) | 8 (67) | 34 (58) | .478 |
| Mass-like consolidation | 13 (28) | 4 (33) | 17 (29) | .729 |
| Halo sign | 5 (11) | 0 (0) | 5 (9) | .573 |
| Cavitation | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (5) | >.999 |
| Reversed halo sign | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | >.999 |
| Bilateral | 27 (57) | 11 (92) | 38 (64) | .041 |
| Legionella type | .740 | |||
| L pneumophila | 35 (71) | 12 (80) | 47 (73) | |
| Legionella, not pneumophila | 14 (29) | 3 (20) | 17 (27) | |
| Coinfectionsc | 16 (33) | 4 (27) | 20 (31) | .759 |
| Bacterial | 7 (14) | 2 (13) | 9 (14) | >.999 |
| Viral | 9 (18) | 2 (13) | 11 (17) | >.999 |
| Fungal | 1 (2) | 2 (13) | 3 (5) | .134 |
| SOFA at PL diagnosis | 3 (2–5) | 6 (4–7) | 4 (2–6) | .051 |
| Time to PL diagnosis from admission, median (range) | 0 (1–13) | 2 (0–10) | 2.5 (0–13) | .055 |
| Infectious diseases consultation | 46 (94) | 13 (87) | 59 (92) | .583 |
| Treatment for PLd | .487 | |||
| Monotherapy | 35 (71) | 12/14 (86) | 47/63 (75) | |
| Combination | 14 (29) | 2/14 (14) | 16/63 (25) | |
| Levofloxacin-containing regimen | 30 (61) | 10 (67) | 40 (63) | .546 |
| Time to initiation of appropriate antibioticsd from admission, d | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | .268 |
| Intensive care unit stay within 1 wk of PL diagnosis | 6 (12) | 11 (73) | 17 (27) | <.0001 |
Data are presented as No. (%) and median (IQR) unless noted otherwise. Bold P values indicate P < .05.
Abbreviations: HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; PL, pulmonary legionellosis; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aActive chemotherapies were administered within 90 days of PL diagnosis.
bComputed tomography findings were obtained within 7 days before or after PL diagnosis.
cThree patients had >1 category of copathogens (2 with bacteria and virus, 1 with virus and fungus).
dAntibiotics having activity against Legionella, including levofloxacin, azithromycin, and doxycycline.
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