Baseline Characteristics of the Primary Study Cohort Consisting of Patients With De Novo Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
| Characteristic . | PM (n = 66 180) . | ICD (n = 13 504) . | CRT (n = 7573) . | Total (N = 87 257) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 77 (70–84) | 64 (55–71) | 69 (61–76) | 75 (66–82) |
| Male sex | 37 910 (57.3) | 10 997 (81.4) | 5697 (75.2) | 54 604 (62.6) |
| Previous SAB | 555 (0.8) | 154 (1.1) | 78 (1.0) | 787 (0.9) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| AMI | 8489 (12.8) | 6295 (46.6) | 2224 (29.4) | 17 008 (19.5) |
| IHD | 23 242 (35.1) | 10 135 (75.1) | 4972 (65.7) | 38 349 (43.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 321 (18.6) | 8453 (62.6) | 7038 (92.9) | 27 812 (31.9) |
| Aortic valve disease | 8302 (12.5) | 788 (5.8) | 972 (12.8) | 10 062 (11.5) |
| Mitral valve disease | 2892 (4.4) | 670 (5.0) | 658 (8.7) | 4220 (4.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 102 (39.4) | 3208 (23.8) | 2381 (31.4) | 31 691 (36.3) |
| Stroke | 9013 (13.6) | 1337 (9.9) | 827 (10.9) | 11 177 (12.8) |
| COPD | 10 113 (15.3) | 2036 (15.1) | 1661 (21.9) | 13 810 (15.8) |
| Diabetes | 10 096 (15.3) | 2348 (17.4) | 1697 (22.4) | 14 141 (16.2) |
| Cancer | 7532 (11.4) | 803 (5.9) | 632 (8.3) | 8967 (10.3) |
| Impaired renal function | 4220 (6.4) | 884 (6.5) | 701 (9.3) | 5805 (6.7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 591 (0.9) | 127 (0.9) | 71 (0.9) | 789 (0.9) |
| Dementia | 1691 (2.6) | 30 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | 1744 (2.0) |
| Alcohol abuse with hospital contact | 1193 (1.8) | 312 (2.3) | 162 (2.1) | 1667 (1.9) |
| Liver disease | 667 (1.0) | 131 (1.0) | 101 (1.3) | 899 (1.0) |
| Procedures | ||||
| Hemodialysis within 6 mo | 490 (0.7) | 102 (0.8) | 55 (0.7) | 647 (0.7) |
| PCI | 6033 (9.1) | 5730 (42.4) | 1915 (25.3) | 13 678 (15.7) |
| CABG | 3846 (5.8) | 2860 (21.2) | 1147 (15.1) | 7853 (9.0) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 3631 (5.5) | 423 (3.1) | 585 (7.7) | 4639 (5.3) |
| Surgery within 1 y | 15 460 (23.4) | 6441 (47.7) | 2324 (30.7) | 24 225 (27.8) |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||
| Anticoagulant therapy | 16 564 (25.0) | 2844 (21.1) | 2364 (31.2) | 21 772 (25.0) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 5009 (7.6) | 2739 (20.3) | 1070 (14.1) | 8818 (10.1) |
| RAAS inhibition | 29 373 (44.4) | 8431 (62.4) | 6417 (84.7) | 44 221 (50.7) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 11 654 (17.6) | 1159 (8.6) | 717 (9.5) | 13 530 (15.5) |
| β-blockers | 21 780 (32.9) | 7772 (57.6) | 5721 (75.5) | 35 273 (40.4) |
| Anti-arrhythmic medication | 2171 (3.3) | 617 (4.6) | 605 (8.0) | 3393 (3.9) |
| Lipid lowering | 23 217 (35.1) | 7574 (56.1) | 4470 (59.0) | 35 261 (40.4) |
| Loop diuretics | 17 969 (27.2) | 4520 (33.5) | 4824 (63.7) | 27 313 (31.3) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 4167 (6.3) | 572 (4.2) | 537 (7.1) | 5276 (6.0) |
| Antipsychotics | 2043 (3.1) | 258 (1.9) | 154 (2.0) | 2455 (2.8) |
| Characteristic . | PM (n = 66 180) . | ICD (n = 13 504) . | CRT (n = 7573) . | Total (N = 87 257) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 77 (70–84) | 64 (55–71) | 69 (61–76) | 75 (66–82) |
| Male sex | 37 910 (57.3) | 10 997 (81.4) | 5697 (75.2) | 54 604 (62.6) |
| Previous SAB | 555 (0.8) | 154 (1.1) | 78 (1.0) | 787 (0.9) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| AMI | 8489 (12.8) | 6295 (46.6) | 2224 (29.4) | 17 008 (19.5) |
| IHD | 23 242 (35.1) | 10 135 (75.1) | 4972 (65.7) | 38 349 (43.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 321 (18.6) | 8453 (62.6) | 7038 (92.9) | 27 812 (31.9) |
| Aortic valve disease | 8302 (12.5) | 788 (5.8) | 972 (12.8) | 10 062 (11.5) |
| Mitral valve disease | 2892 (4.4) | 670 (5.0) | 658 (8.7) | 4220 (4.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 102 (39.4) | 3208 (23.8) | 2381 (31.4) | 31 691 (36.3) |
| Stroke | 9013 (13.6) | 1337 (9.9) | 827 (10.9) | 11 177 (12.8) |
| COPD | 10 113 (15.3) | 2036 (15.1) | 1661 (21.9) | 13 810 (15.8) |
| Diabetes | 10 096 (15.3) | 2348 (17.4) | 1697 (22.4) | 14 141 (16.2) |
| Cancer | 7532 (11.4) | 803 (5.9) | 632 (8.3) | 8967 (10.3) |
| Impaired renal function | 4220 (6.4) | 884 (6.5) | 701 (9.3) | 5805 (6.7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 591 (0.9) | 127 (0.9) | 71 (0.9) | 789 (0.9) |
| Dementia | 1691 (2.6) | 30 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | 1744 (2.0) |
| Alcohol abuse with hospital contact | 1193 (1.8) | 312 (2.3) | 162 (2.1) | 1667 (1.9) |
| Liver disease | 667 (1.0) | 131 (1.0) | 101 (1.3) | 899 (1.0) |
| Procedures | ||||
| Hemodialysis within 6 mo | 490 (0.7) | 102 (0.8) | 55 (0.7) | 647 (0.7) |
| PCI | 6033 (9.1) | 5730 (42.4) | 1915 (25.3) | 13 678 (15.7) |
| CABG | 3846 (5.8) | 2860 (21.2) | 1147 (15.1) | 7853 (9.0) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 3631 (5.5) | 423 (3.1) | 585 (7.7) | 4639 (5.3) |
| Surgery within 1 y | 15 460 (23.4) | 6441 (47.7) | 2324 (30.7) | 24 225 (27.8) |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||
| Anticoagulant therapy | 16 564 (25.0) | 2844 (21.1) | 2364 (31.2) | 21 772 (25.0) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 5009 (7.6) | 2739 (20.3) | 1070 (14.1) | 8818 (10.1) |
| RAAS inhibition | 29 373 (44.4) | 8431 (62.4) | 6417 (84.7) | 44 221 (50.7) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 11 654 (17.6) | 1159 (8.6) | 717 (9.5) | 13 530 (15.5) |
| β-blockers | 21 780 (32.9) | 7772 (57.6) | 5721 (75.5) | 35 273 (40.4) |
| Anti-arrhythmic medication | 2171 (3.3) | 617 (4.6) | 605 (8.0) | 3393 (3.9) |
| Lipid lowering | 23 217 (35.1) | 7574 (56.1) | 4470 (59.0) | 35 261 (40.4) |
| Loop diuretics | 17 969 (27.2) | 4520 (33.5) | 4824 (63.7) | 27 313 (31.3) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 4167 (6.3) | 572 (4.2) | 537 (7.1) | 5276 (6.0) |
| Antipsychotics | 2043 (3.1) | 258 (1.9) | 154 (2.0) | 2455 (2.8) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PM, pacemaker; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SAB, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
Baseline Characteristics of the Primary Study Cohort Consisting of Patients With De Novo Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
| Characteristic . | PM (n = 66 180) . | ICD (n = 13 504) . | CRT (n = 7573) . | Total (N = 87 257) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 77 (70–84) | 64 (55–71) | 69 (61–76) | 75 (66–82) |
| Male sex | 37 910 (57.3) | 10 997 (81.4) | 5697 (75.2) | 54 604 (62.6) |
| Previous SAB | 555 (0.8) | 154 (1.1) | 78 (1.0) | 787 (0.9) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| AMI | 8489 (12.8) | 6295 (46.6) | 2224 (29.4) | 17 008 (19.5) |
| IHD | 23 242 (35.1) | 10 135 (75.1) | 4972 (65.7) | 38 349 (43.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 321 (18.6) | 8453 (62.6) | 7038 (92.9) | 27 812 (31.9) |
| Aortic valve disease | 8302 (12.5) | 788 (5.8) | 972 (12.8) | 10 062 (11.5) |
| Mitral valve disease | 2892 (4.4) | 670 (5.0) | 658 (8.7) | 4220 (4.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 102 (39.4) | 3208 (23.8) | 2381 (31.4) | 31 691 (36.3) |
| Stroke | 9013 (13.6) | 1337 (9.9) | 827 (10.9) | 11 177 (12.8) |
| COPD | 10 113 (15.3) | 2036 (15.1) | 1661 (21.9) | 13 810 (15.8) |
| Diabetes | 10 096 (15.3) | 2348 (17.4) | 1697 (22.4) | 14 141 (16.2) |
| Cancer | 7532 (11.4) | 803 (5.9) | 632 (8.3) | 8967 (10.3) |
| Impaired renal function | 4220 (6.4) | 884 (6.5) | 701 (9.3) | 5805 (6.7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 591 (0.9) | 127 (0.9) | 71 (0.9) | 789 (0.9) |
| Dementia | 1691 (2.6) | 30 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | 1744 (2.0) |
| Alcohol abuse with hospital contact | 1193 (1.8) | 312 (2.3) | 162 (2.1) | 1667 (1.9) |
| Liver disease | 667 (1.0) | 131 (1.0) | 101 (1.3) | 899 (1.0) |
| Procedures | ||||
| Hemodialysis within 6 mo | 490 (0.7) | 102 (0.8) | 55 (0.7) | 647 (0.7) |
| PCI | 6033 (9.1) | 5730 (42.4) | 1915 (25.3) | 13 678 (15.7) |
| CABG | 3846 (5.8) | 2860 (21.2) | 1147 (15.1) | 7853 (9.0) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 3631 (5.5) | 423 (3.1) | 585 (7.7) | 4639 (5.3) |
| Surgery within 1 y | 15 460 (23.4) | 6441 (47.7) | 2324 (30.7) | 24 225 (27.8) |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||
| Anticoagulant therapy | 16 564 (25.0) | 2844 (21.1) | 2364 (31.2) | 21 772 (25.0) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 5009 (7.6) | 2739 (20.3) | 1070 (14.1) | 8818 (10.1) |
| RAAS inhibition | 29 373 (44.4) | 8431 (62.4) | 6417 (84.7) | 44 221 (50.7) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 11 654 (17.6) | 1159 (8.6) | 717 (9.5) | 13 530 (15.5) |
| β-blockers | 21 780 (32.9) | 7772 (57.6) | 5721 (75.5) | 35 273 (40.4) |
| Anti-arrhythmic medication | 2171 (3.3) | 617 (4.6) | 605 (8.0) | 3393 (3.9) |
| Lipid lowering | 23 217 (35.1) | 7574 (56.1) | 4470 (59.0) | 35 261 (40.4) |
| Loop diuretics | 17 969 (27.2) | 4520 (33.5) | 4824 (63.7) | 27 313 (31.3) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 4167 (6.3) | 572 (4.2) | 537 (7.1) | 5276 (6.0) |
| Antipsychotics | 2043 (3.1) | 258 (1.9) | 154 (2.0) | 2455 (2.8) |
| Characteristic . | PM (n = 66 180) . | ICD (n = 13 504) . | CRT (n = 7573) . | Total (N = 87 257) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 77 (70–84) | 64 (55–71) | 69 (61–76) | 75 (66–82) |
| Male sex | 37 910 (57.3) | 10 997 (81.4) | 5697 (75.2) | 54 604 (62.6) |
| Previous SAB | 555 (0.8) | 154 (1.1) | 78 (1.0) | 787 (0.9) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| AMI | 8489 (12.8) | 6295 (46.6) | 2224 (29.4) | 17 008 (19.5) |
| IHD | 23 242 (35.1) | 10 135 (75.1) | 4972 (65.7) | 38 349 (43.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 12 321 (18.6) | 8453 (62.6) | 7038 (92.9) | 27 812 (31.9) |
| Aortic valve disease | 8302 (12.5) | 788 (5.8) | 972 (12.8) | 10 062 (11.5) |
| Mitral valve disease | 2892 (4.4) | 670 (5.0) | 658 (8.7) | 4220 (4.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 102 (39.4) | 3208 (23.8) | 2381 (31.4) | 31 691 (36.3) |
| Stroke | 9013 (13.6) | 1337 (9.9) | 827 (10.9) | 11 177 (12.8) |
| COPD | 10 113 (15.3) | 2036 (15.1) | 1661 (21.9) | 13 810 (15.8) |
| Diabetes | 10 096 (15.3) | 2348 (17.4) | 1697 (22.4) | 14 141 (16.2) |
| Cancer | 7532 (11.4) | 803 (5.9) | 632 (8.3) | 8967 (10.3) |
| Impaired renal function | 4220 (6.4) | 884 (6.5) | 701 (9.3) | 5805 (6.7) |
| End-stage renal disease | 591 (0.9) | 127 (0.9) | 71 (0.9) | 789 (0.9) |
| Dementia | 1691 (2.6) | 30 (0.2) | 23 (0.3) | 1744 (2.0) |
| Alcohol abuse with hospital contact | 1193 (1.8) | 312 (2.3) | 162 (2.1) | 1667 (1.9) |
| Liver disease | 667 (1.0) | 131 (1.0) | 101 (1.3) | 899 (1.0) |
| Procedures | ||||
| Hemodialysis within 6 mo | 490 (0.7) | 102 (0.8) | 55 (0.7) | 647 (0.7) |
| PCI | 6033 (9.1) | 5730 (42.4) | 1915 (25.3) | 13 678 (15.7) |
| CABG | 3846 (5.8) | 2860 (21.2) | 1147 (15.1) | 7853 (9.0) |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 3631 (5.5) | 423 (3.1) | 585 (7.7) | 4639 (5.3) |
| Surgery within 1 y | 15 460 (23.4) | 6441 (47.7) | 2324 (30.7) | 24 225 (27.8) |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||
| Anticoagulant therapy | 16 564 (25.0) | 2844 (21.1) | 2364 (31.2) | 21 772 (25.0) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 5009 (7.6) | 2739 (20.3) | 1070 (14.1) | 8818 (10.1) |
| RAAS inhibition | 29 373 (44.4) | 8431 (62.4) | 6417 (84.7) | 44 221 (50.7) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 11 654 (17.6) | 1159 (8.6) | 717 (9.5) | 13 530 (15.5) |
| β-blockers | 21 780 (32.9) | 7772 (57.6) | 5721 (75.5) | 35 273 (40.4) |
| Anti-arrhythmic medication | 2171 (3.3) | 617 (4.6) | 605 (8.0) | 3393 (3.9) |
| Lipid lowering | 23 217 (35.1) | 7574 (56.1) | 4470 (59.0) | 35 261 (40.4) |
| Loop diuretics | 17 969 (27.2) | 4520 (33.5) | 4824 (63.7) | 27 313 (31.3) |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 4167 (6.3) | 572 (4.2) | 537 (7.1) | 5276 (6.0) |
| Antipsychotics | 2043 (3.1) | 258 (1.9) | 154 (2.0) | 2455 (2.8) |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PM, pacemaker; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SAB, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
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