Association Between the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak and Changes in the Main Outcomes
| Outcome . | Intercept (95% CI) . | Slope Before March 2020 (95% CI) . | Level Change During March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope Change After March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope From March 2020 Onward (95% CI)a . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Rx appropriate | 14.19 (13.71–14.67) | 0.03 (.02–.04) | 0.14 (−.73 to 1.00) | −0.09 (−.14 to −.03) | −0.06 (−.12 to .00) |
| % Rx potentially appropriate | 32.27 (30.86–33.68) | 0.00 (−.04 to .03) | −7.08 (−8.89 to −5.28) | 0.17 (.06–.29) | 0.20 (.08–.31) |
| % Rx inappropriate | 25.49 (25.11–25.88) | −0.01 (−.02 to .01) | −0.05 (−1.05 to .96) | 0.11 (.04–.18) | 0.08 (.01–.15) |
| % Rx not associated with recent diagnosis code | 28.05 (26.98–29.12) | −0.02 (−.05 to .01) | 6.99 (5.77–8.21) | −0.20 (−.29 to −.11) | −0.22 (−.29 to −.15) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx | 6.51 (5.97–7.05) | −0.01 (−.02 to .00) | −1.47 (−2.13 to −.81) | 0.06 (.01–.10) | 0.05 (.01–0.09) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 appropriate antibiotic Rx | 0.93 (.88–.99) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | −0.23 (−.30 to −.17) | 0.01 (.00–.01) | 0.01 (.00–.01) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 potentially appropriate antibiotic Rx | 2.26 (2.00–2.51) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.80 (−1.09 to −.51) | 0.02 (.01–.04) | 0.02 (.01–.04) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 inappropriate antibiotic Rx | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.39 (−.57 to −.22) | 0.02 (.01–.03) | 0.02 (.01–.03) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx not associated with a recent diagnosis code | 1.92 (1.81–2.04) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.12 (−.32 to .09) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) |
| Outcome . | Intercept (95% CI) . | Slope Before March 2020 (95% CI) . | Level Change During March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope Change After March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope From March 2020 Onward (95% CI)a . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Rx appropriate | 14.19 (13.71–14.67) | 0.03 (.02–.04) | 0.14 (−.73 to 1.00) | −0.09 (−.14 to −.03) | −0.06 (−.12 to .00) |
| % Rx potentially appropriate | 32.27 (30.86–33.68) | 0.00 (−.04 to .03) | −7.08 (−8.89 to −5.28) | 0.17 (.06–.29) | 0.20 (.08–.31) |
| % Rx inappropriate | 25.49 (25.11–25.88) | −0.01 (−.02 to .01) | −0.05 (−1.05 to .96) | 0.11 (.04–.18) | 0.08 (.01–.15) |
| % Rx not associated with recent diagnosis code | 28.05 (26.98–29.12) | −0.02 (−.05 to .01) | 6.99 (5.77–8.21) | −0.20 (−.29 to −.11) | −0.22 (−.29 to −.15) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx | 6.51 (5.97–7.05) | −0.01 (−.02 to .00) | −1.47 (−2.13 to −.81) | 0.06 (.01–.10) | 0.05 (.01–0.09) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 appropriate antibiotic Rx | 0.93 (.88–.99) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | −0.23 (−.30 to −.17) | 0.01 (.00–.01) | 0.01 (.00–.01) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 potentially appropriate antibiotic Rx | 2.26 (2.00–2.51) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.80 (−1.09 to −.51) | 0.02 (.01–.04) | 0.02 (.01–.04) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 inappropriate antibiotic Rx | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.39 (−.57 to −.22) | 0.02 (.01–.03) | 0.02 (.01–.03) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx not associated with a recent diagnosis code | 1.92 (1.81–2.04) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.12 (−.32 to .09) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) |
Bolded cells indicate point estimates that were significant at the α = .05 level.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Rx, prescription.
aThe second through fifth columns derive from a linear segmented regression model assessing for level or slope changes in monthly outcomes in March 2020. The sixth column represents the sum of the third and fifth columns.
Association Between the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak and Changes in the Main Outcomes
| Outcome . | Intercept (95% CI) . | Slope Before March 2020 (95% CI) . | Level Change During March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope Change After March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope From March 2020 Onward (95% CI)a . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Rx appropriate | 14.19 (13.71–14.67) | 0.03 (.02–.04) | 0.14 (−.73 to 1.00) | −0.09 (−.14 to −.03) | −0.06 (−.12 to .00) |
| % Rx potentially appropriate | 32.27 (30.86–33.68) | 0.00 (−.04 to .03) | −7.08 (−8.89 to −5.28) | 0.17 (.06–.29) | 0.20 (.08–.31) |
| % Rx inappropriate | 25.49 (25.11–25.88) | −0.01 (−.02 to .01) | −0.05 (−1.05 to .96) | 0.11 (.04–.18) | 0.08 (.01–.15) |
| % Rx not associated with recent diagnosis code | 28.05 (26.98–29.12) | −0.02 (−.05 to .01) | 6.99 (5.77–8.21) | −0.20 (−.29 to −.11) | −0.22 (−.29 to −.15) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx | 6.51 (5.97–7.05) | −0.01 (−.02 to .00) | −1.47 (−2.13 to −.81) | 0.06 (.01–.10) | 0.05 (.01–0.09) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 appropriate antibiotic Rx | 0.93 (.88–.99) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | −0.23 (−.30 to −.17) | 0.01 (.00–.01) | 0.01 (.00–.01) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 potentially appropriate antibiotic Rx | 2.26 (2.00–2.51) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.80 (−1.09 to −.51) | 0.02 (.01–.04) | 0.02 (.01–.04) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 inappropriate antibiotic Rx | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.39 (−.57 to −.22) | 0.02 (.01–.03) | 0.02 (.01–.03) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx not associated with a recent diagnosis code | 1.92 (1.81–2.04) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.12 (−.32 to .09) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) |
| Outcome . | Intercept (95% CI) . | Slope Before March 2020 (95% CI) . | Level Change During March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope Change After March 2020 (95% CI) . | Slope From March 2020 Onward (95% CI)a . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Rx appropriate | 14.19 (13.71–14.67) | 0.03 (.02–.04) | 0.14 (−.73 to 1.00) | −0.09 (−.14 to −.03) | −0.06 (−.12 to .00) |
| % Rx potentially appropriate | 32.27 (30.86–33.68) | 0.00 (−.04 to .03) | −7.08 (−8.89 to −5.28) | 0.17 (.06–.29) | 0.20 (.08–.31) |
| % Rx inappropriate | 25.49 (25.11–25.88) | −0.01 (−.02 to .01) | −0.05 (−1.05 to .96) | 0.11 (.04–.18) | 0.08 (.01–.15) |
| % Rx not associated with recent diagnosis code | 28.05 (26.98–29.12) | −0.02 (−.05 to .01) | 6.99 (5.77–8.21) | −0.20 (−.29 to −.11) | −0.22 (−.29 to −.15) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx | 6.51 (5.97–7.05) | −0.01 (−.02 to .00) | −1.47 (−2.13 to −.81) | 0.06 (.01–.10) | 0.05 (.01–0.09) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 appropriate antibiotic Rx | 0.93 (.88–.99) | 0.00 (.00–.00) | −0.23 (−.30 to −.17) | 0.01 (.00–.01) | 0.01 (.00–.01) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 potentially appropriate antibiotic Rx | 2.26 (2.00–2.51) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.80 (−1.09 to −.51) | 0.02 (.01–.04) | 0.02 (.01–.04) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 inappropriate antibiotic Rx | 1.77 (1.61–1.94) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.39 (−.57 to −.22) | 0.02 (.01–.03) | 0.02 (.01–.03) |
| % enrollees with ≥1 antibiotic Rx not associated with a recent diagnosis code | 1.92 (1.81–2.04) | 0.00 (−.01 to .00) | −0.12 (−.32 to .09) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) | 0.01 (−.01 to .02) |
Bolded cells indicate point estimates that were significant at the α = .05 level.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Rx, prescription.
aThe second through fifth columns derive from a linear segmented regression model assessing for level or slope changes in monthly outcomes in March 2020. The sixth column represents the sum of the third and fifth columns.
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