Table 3. Open in new tab Multivariable...

Population	Observed ASVs	Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity	Shannon-Weiner Index	Inverse Simpson Index
Any oral HPV
Overall	0.999 (.996–1.001)	.340	0.97 (.94–1.00)	.090	0.95 (.80–1.13)	.552	1.006 (.989–1.024)	.476
Male	0.997 (.994–1.000)	.049	0.95 (.92–.98)	.001	0.92 (.75–1.12)	.369	1.001 (.980–1.023)	.918
Female	1.004 (.998–1.001)	.216	1.05 (.96–1.14)	.284	1.05 (.67–1.64)	.830	1.024 (.976–1.074)	.332
High-risk oral HPV
Overall	0.996 (.992–.999)	.046	0.95 (.90–.99)	.016	0.86 (.69–1.06)	.160	1.001 (.977–1.026)	.929
Male	0.995 (.991–.999)	.007	0.93 (.89–.97)	.001	0.86 (.69–1.07)	.164	1.001 (.976–1.028)	.911
Female	1.009 (.990–1.012)	.874	1.02 (.89–1.16)	.795	0.91 (.50–1.63)	.734	1.007 (.937–1.081)	.847
Oral HPV-16/18
Overall	1.001 (.993–1.009)	.816	1.02 (.92–1.14)	.661	0.93 (.57–1.52)	.774	0.987 (.941–1.035)	.580
Male	0.999 (.989–1.009)	.829	1.00 (.88–1.15)	.968	0.87 (.49–1.56)	.629	0.973 (.921–1.028)	.322
Female	1.009 (.990–1.029)	.347	1.10 (.85–1.35)	.371	1.39 (.54–3.55)	.480	1.050 (.967–1.140)	.234

Population

Observed ASVs

Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity

Shannon-Weiner Index

Inverse Simpson Index

aOR (95% CI)

P Value

aOR (95% CI)

P Value

aOR (95% CI)

P Value

aOR (95% CI)

P Value

Any oral HPV

Overall

0.999 (.996–1.001)

.340

0.97 (.94–1.00)

.090

0.95 (.80–1.13)

.552

1.006 (.989–1.024)

.476

Male

0.997 (.994–1.000)

.049

0.95 (.92–.98)

.001

0.92 (.75–1.12)

.369

1.001 (.980–1.023)

.918

Female

1.004 (.998–1.001)

.216

1.05 (.96–1.14)

.284

1.05 (.67–1.64)

.830

1.024 (.976–1.074)

.332

High-risk oral HPV

Overall

0.996 (.992–.999)

.046

0.95 (.90–.99)

.016

0.86 (.69–1.06)

.160

1.001 (.977–1.026)

.929

Male

0.995 (.991–.999)

.007

0.93 (.89–.97)

.001

0.86 (.69–1.07)

.164

1.001 (.976–1.028)

.911

Female

1.009 (.990–1.012)

.874

1.02 (.89–1.16)

.795

0.91 (.50–1.63)

.734

1.007 (.937–1.081)

.847

Oral HPV-16/18

Overall

1.001 (.993–1.009)

.816

1.02 (.92–1.14)

.661

0.93 (.57–1.52)

.774

0.987 (.941–1.035)

.580

Male

0.999 (.989–1.009)

.829

1.00 (.88–1.15)

.968

0.87 (.49–1.56)

.629

0.973 (.921–1.028)

.322

Female

1.009 (.990–1.029)

.347

1.10 (.85–1.35)

.371

1.39 (.54–3.55)

.480

1.050 (.967–1.140)

.234

Population	Observed ASVs	Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity	Shannon-Weiner Index	Inverse Simpson Index
Any oral HPV
Overall	0.999 (.996–1.001)	.340	0.97 (.94–1.00)	.090	0.95 (.80–1.13)	.552	1.006 (.989–1.024)	.476
Male	0.997 (.994–1.000)	.049	0.95 (.92–.98)	.001	0.92 (.75–1.12)	.369	1.001 (.980–1.023)	.918
Female	1.004 (.998–1.001)	.216	1.05 (.96–1.14)	.284	1.05 (.67–1.64)	.830	1.024 (.976–1.074)	.332
High-risk oral HPV
Overall	0.996 (.992–.999)	.046	0.95 (.90–.99)	.016	0.86 (.69–1.06)	.160	1.001 (.977–1.026)	.929
Male	0.995 (.991–.999)	.007	0.93 (.89–.97)	.001	0.86 (.69–1.07)	.164	1.001 (.976–1.028)	.911
Female	1.009 (.990–1.012)	.874	1.02 (.89–1.16)	.795	0.91 (.50–1.63)	.734	1.007 (.937–1.081)	.847
Oral HPV-16/18
Overall	1.001 (.993–1.009)	.816	1.02 (.92–1.14)	.661	0.93 (.57–1.52)	.774	0.987 (.941–1.035)	.580
Male	0.999 (.989–1.009)	.829	1.00 (.88–1.15)	.968	0.87 (.49–1.56)	.629	0.973 (.921–1.028)	.322
Female	1.009 (.990–1.029)	.347	1.10 (.85–1.35)	.371	1.39 (.54–3.55)	.480	1.050 (.967–1.140)	.234

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Multivariable Association Between Oral Microbiome α-diversity and Oral HPV Infection Among 20–59 Year Olds, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2012

Population	Observed ASVs		Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity		Shannon-Weiner Index		Inverse Simpson Index
Population	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value
Any oral HPV
Overall	0.999 (.996–1.001)	.340	0.97 (.94–1.00)	.090	0.95 (.80–1.13)	.552	1.006 (.989–1.024)	.476
Male	0.997 (.994–1.000)	.049	0.95 (.92–.98)	.001	0.92 (.75–1.12)	.369	1.001 (.980–1.023)	.918
Female	1.004 (.998–1.001)	.216	1.05 (.96–1.14)	.284	1.05 (.67–1.64)	.830	1.024 (.976–1.074)	.332
High-risk oral HPV
Overall	0.996 (.992–.999)	.046	0.95 (.90–.99)	.016	0.86 (.69–1.06)	.160	1.001 (.977–1.026)	.929
Male	0.995 (.991–.999)	.007	0.93 (.89–.97)	.001	0.86 (.69–1.07)	.164	1.001 (.976–1.028)	.911
Female	1.009 (.990–1.012)	.874	1.02 (.89–1.16)	.795	0.91 (.50–1.63)	.734	1.007 (.937–1.081)	.847
Oral HPV-16/18
Overall	1.001 (.993–1.009)	.816	1.02 (.92–1.14)	.661	0.93 (.57–1.52)	.774	0.987 (.941–1.035)	.580
Male	0.999 (.989–1.009)	.829	1.00 (.88–1.15)	.968	0.87 (.49–1.56)	.629	0.973 (.921–1.028)	.322
Female	1.009 (.990–1.029)	.347	1.10 (.85–1.35)	.371	1.39 (.54–3.55)	.480	1.050 (.967–1.140)	.234

Population	Observed ASVs		Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity		Shannon-Weiner Index		Inverse Simpson Index
Population	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value	aOR (95% CI)	P Value
Any oral HPV
Overall	0.999 (.996–1.001)	.340	0.97 (.94–1.00)	.090	0.95 (.80–1.13)	.552	1.006 (.989–1.024)	.476
Male	0.997 (.994–1.000)	.049	0.95 (.92–.98)	.001	0.92 (.75–1.12)	.369	1.001 (.980–1.023)	.918
Female	1.004 (.998–1.001)	.216	1.05 (.96–1.14)	.284	1.05 (.67–1.64)	.830	1.024 (.976–1.074)	.332
High-risk oral HPV
Overall	0.996 (.992–.999)	.046	0.95 (.90–.99)	.016	0.86 (.69–1.06)	.160	1.001 (.977–1.026)	.929
Male	0.995 (.991–.999)	.007	0.93 (.89–.97)	.001	0.86 (.69–1.07)	.164	1.001 (.976–1.028)	.911
Female	1.009 (.990–1.012)	.874	1.02 (.89–1.16)	.795	0.91 (.50–1.63)	.734	1.007 (.937–1.081)	.847
Oral HPV-16/18
Overall	1.001 (.993–1.009)	.816	1.02 (.92–1.14)	.661	0.93 (.57–1.52)	.774	0.987 (.941–1.035)	.580
Male	0.999 (.989–1.009)	.829	1.00 (.88–1.15)	.968	0.87 (.49–1.56)	.629	0.973 (.921–1.028)	.322
Female	1.009 (.990–1.029)	.347	1.10 (.85–1.35)	.371	1.39 (.54–3.55)	.480	1.050 (.967–1.140)	.234

Values in bold are statistically significant at the P < .05 level. Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ASVs, amplicon sequence variants; CI, confidence interval; HPV, human papillomavirus.

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