| . | SENS (%) (95% CI) . | SPEC (%) (95% CI) . | BAC (%) (95% CI) . | PPV (%) (95% CI) . | NPV (%) (95% CI) . | AUC (95% CI) . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCZ Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 495) | 71.60 (67.91–73.32) | 73.88 (70.07–76.96) | 72.73 (69.71–74.42) | 73.66 (70.36–75.92) | 71.83 (68.76–73.30) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 102.4 | 4.54E-10 |
| 16–25 years (N = 65) | 84.78 (79.01–86.95) | 52.63 (42.71–64.29) | 68.71 (62.36–74.13) | 81.25 (77.50–84.98) | 58.82 (48.66–64.35) | 0.69 (0.55–0.82) | 9.75 | .002 |
| 26–35 years (N = 127) | 85.71 (80.46–88.25) | 62.00 (57.16–68.21) | 73.86 (70.01–76.99) | 77.65 (74.94–80.42) | 73.81 (66.82–77.73) | 0.74 (0.65–0.82) | 31.18 | 2.35E + 06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 118) | 69.62 (64.23–74.20) | 61.54 (57.37–73.94) | 65.58 (62.53–72.33) | 78.57 (76.32–84.38) | 50.00 (46.13–56.50) | 0.66 (0.55–0.76) | 10.5 | .001 |
| 46–55 years (N = 73) | 40.63 (28.76–47.88) | 73.17 (70.60–79.21) | 56.90 (51.36–61.50) | 54.17 (47.55–60.95) | 61.22 (57.14–64.71) | 0.57 (0.44–0.70) | 1.55 | .21 |
| 56–65 years (N = 106) | 42.86 (28.31–63.23) | 89.13 (78.99–91.40) | 65.99 (57.36–73.64) | 37.50 (21.78–42.82) | 91.11 (88.76–93.64) | 0.66 (0.50–0.82) | 9.7 | .002 |
| MDD Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 485) | 67.92 (63.48–70.72) | 66.12 (63.92–69.55) | 67.02 (64.60–69.24) | 66.26 (64.13–68.67) | 67.78 (64.82–70.07) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 56.2 | 6.54E-14 |
| 16–25 years (N = 43) | 58.33 (50.20–71.31) | 47.37 (38.76–56.74) | 52.85 (46.53–61.97) | 58.33 (52.82–66.07) | 47.37 (40.05–58.33) | 0.53 (0.35–0.70) | 0.14 | .71 |
| 26–35 years (N = 95) | 80.00 (69.08–84.33) | 70.00 (64.64–76.59) | 75.00 (68.77–78.54) | 70.59 (65.32–75.01) | 79.55 (71.28–83.10) | 0.75 (0.65–0.85) | 23.81 | 1.06E-06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 103) | 68.75 (61.62–73.39) | 66.67 (58.60–71.09) | 67.71 (62.50–70.85) | 77.19 (72.00–79.82) | 56.52 (49.42–60.46) | 0.68 (0.57–0.78) | 12.3 | 4.53E-04 |
| 46–55 years (N = 88) | 68.09 (58.20–75.21) | 56.10 (52.47–67.67) | 62.09 (57.51–69.28) | 64.00 (60.38–71.04) | 60.53 (54.27–68.21) | 0.62 (0.50–0.74) | 5.22 | .02 |
| 56–65 years (N = 136) | 61.92 (56.02–67.95) | 71.74 (68.45–76.34) | 66.55 (64.03–70.30) | 50.94 (48.01–55.54) | 79.52 (77.48–82.38) | 0.67 (0.56–0.77) | 13.71 | 2.13E-04 |
| Differential Diagnostic Model (SCZ vs MDD) | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 490) | 71.6 (69.30–74.41) | 54.17 (51.74–57.73) | 62.88 (61.22–65.37) | 61.94 (60.48–64.16) | 64.68 (62.60–67.64) | 0.63 (0.58–0.68) | 33.6 | 6.76E-09 |
| 16–25 years (N = 70) | 97.83 (94.32–100) | 0 (–2.03–2.87) | 48.91 (47.35–50.35) | 65.22 (64.49–65.88) | 0 | 0.49 (0.34–0.63) | 0.53 | .47 |
| 26–35 years (N = 122) | 97.40 (92.04–99.05) | 17.78 (12.20–24.13) | 57.59 (53.61–60.09) | 66.96 (64.95–68.35) | 80.00 (54.87–87.02) | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 8.7 | .003 |
| 36–45 years (N = 143) | 70.89 (66.77–77.40) | 34.38 (30.58–44.75) | 52.63 (51.03–58.72) | 57.14 (55.96–61.68) | 48.89 (46.34–58.09) | 0.53 (0.43–0.62) | 0.45 | .5 |
| 46–55 years (N = 79) | 9.38 (6.50–19.58) | 87.23 (81.03–92.20) | 48.30 (45.50–54.16) | 33.33 (23.40–56.48) | 58.57 (56.99–61.81) | 0.48 (0.35–0.61) | 0.22 | .64 |
| 56–65 years (N = 58) | 0 (–4.16–6.98) | 97.73 (92.15–100) | 48.86 (45.15–52.36) | 0 | 75.44 (74.01–76.77) | 0.49 (0.31–0.66) | 0.32 | .57 |
| . | SENS (%) (95% CI) . | SPEC (%) (95% CI) . | BAC (%) (95% CI) . | PPV (%) (95% CI) . | NPV (%) (95% CI) . | AUC (95% CI) . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCZ Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 495) | 71.60 (67.91–73.32) | 73.88 (70.07–76.96) | 72.73 (69.71–74.42) | 73.66 (70.36–75.92) | 71.83 (68.76–73.30) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 102.4 | 4.54E-10 |
| 16–25 years (N = 65) | 84.78 (79.01–86.95) | 52.63 (42.71–64.29) | 68.71 (62.36–74.13) | 81.25 (77.50–84.98) | 58.82 (48.66–64.35) | 0.69 (0.55–0.82) | 9.75 | .002 |
| 26–35 years (N = 127) | 85.71 (80.46–88.25) | 62.00 (57.16–68.21) | 73.86 (70.01–76.99) | 77.65 (74.94–80.42) | 73.81 (66.82–77.73) | 0.74 (0.65–0.82) | 31.18 | 2.35E + 06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 118) | 69.62 (64.23–74.20) | 61.54 (57.37–73.94) | 65.58 (62.53–72.33) | 78.57 (76.32–84.38) | 50.00 (46.13–56.50) | 0.66 (0.55–0.76) | 10.5 | .001 |
| 46–55 years (N = 73) | 40.63 (28.76–47.88) | 73.17 (70.60–79.21) | 56.90 (51.36–61.50) | 54.17 (47.55–60.95) | 61.22 (57.14–64.71) | 0.57 (0.44–0.70) | 1.55 | .21 |
| 56–65 years (N = 106) | 42.86 (28.31–63.23) | 89.13 (78.99–91.40) | 65.99 (57.36–73.64) | 37.50 (21.78–42.82) | 91.11 (88.76–93.64) | 0.66 (0.50–0.82) | 9.7 | .002 |
| MDD Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 485) | 67.92 (63.48–70.72) | 66.12 (63.92–69.55) | 67.02 (64.60–69.24) | 66.26 (64.13–68.67) | 67.78 (64.82–70.07) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 56.2 | 6.54E-14 |
| 16–25 years (N = 43) | 58.33 (50.20–71.31) | 47.37 (38.76–56.74) | 52.85 (46.53–61.97) | 58.33 (52.82–66.07) | 47.37 (40.05–58.33) | 0.53 (0.35–0.70) | 0.14 | .71 |
| 26–35 years (N = 95) | 80.00 (69.08–84.33) | 70.00 (64.64–76.59) | 75.00 (68.77–78.54) | 70.59 (65.32–75.01) | 79.55 (71.28–83.10) | 0.75 (0.65–0.85) | 23.81 | 1.06E-06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 103) | 68.75 (61.62–73.39) | 66.67 (58.60–71.09) | 67.71 (62.50–70.85) | 77.19 (72.00–79.82) | 56.52 (49.42–60.46) | 0.68 (0.57–0.78) | 12.3 | 4.53E-04 |
| 46–55 years (N = 88) | 68.09 (58.20–75.21) | 56.10 (52.47–67.67) | 62.09 (57.51–69.28) | 64.00 (60.38–71.04) | 60.53 (54.27–68.21) | 0.62 (0.50–0.74) | 5.22 | .02 |
| 56–65 years (N = 136) | 61.92 (56.02–67.95) | 71.74 (68.45–76.34) | 66.55 (64.03–70.30) | 50.94 (48.01–55.54) | 79.52 (77.48–82.38) | 0.67 (0.56–0.77) | 13.71 | 2.13E-04 |
| Differential Diagnostic Model (SCZ vs MDD) | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 490) | 71.6 (69.30–74.41) | 54.17 (51.74–57.73) | 62.88 (61.22–65.37) | 61.94 (60.48–64.16) | 64.68 (62.60–67.64) | 0.63 (0.58–0.68) | 33.6 | 6.76E-09 |
| 16–25 years (N = 70) | 97.83 (94.32–100) | 0 (–2.03–2.87) | 48.91 (47.35–50.35) | 65.22 (64.49–65.88) | 0 | 0.49 (0.34–0.63) | 0.53 | .47 |
| 26–35 years (N = 122) | 97.40 (92.04–99.05) | 17.78 (12.20–24.13) | 57.59 (53.61–60.09) | 66.96 (64.95–68.35) | 80.00 (54.87–87.02) | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 8.7 | .003 |
| 36–45 years (N = 143) | 70.89 (66.77–77.40) | 34.38 (30.58–44.75) | 52.63 (51.03–58.72) | 57.14 (55.96–61.68) | 48.89 (46.34–58.09) | 0.53 (0.43–0.62) | 0.45 | .5 |
| 46–55 years (N = 79) | 9.38 (6.50–19.58) | 87.23 (81.03–92.20) | 48.30 (45.50–54.16) | 33.33 (23.40–56.48) | 58.57 (56.99–61.81) | 0.48 (0.35–0.61) | 0.22 | .64 |
| 56–65 years (N = 58) | 0 (–4.16–6.98) | 97.73 (92.15–100) | 48.86 (45.15–52.36) | 0 | 75.44 (74.01–76.77) | 0.49 (0.31–0.66) | 0.32 | .57 |
Note: The performance of three classification models (SCZ, MDD, and Differential Diagnostic Models) are represented in five different 10-year apart age bins (16–25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–65) along with their overall performances. Highest sensitivity was found in the youngest age bin for SCZ and Differential Diagnostic Model and in the 36–45 years age bin for MDD Model. In all three models, the highest BAC was achieved in the 26–36 years of age group. SEN, sensitivity; SPEC, Specificity; BAC, balanced accuracy; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; P value threshold = .05.
| . | SENS (%) (95% CI) . | SPEC (%) (95% CI) . | BAC (%) (95% CI) . | PPV (%) (95% CI) . | NPV (%) (95% CI) . | AUC (95% CI) . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCZ Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 495) | 71.60 (67.91–73.32) | 73.88 (70.07–76.96) | 72.73 (69.71–74.42) | 73.66 (70.36–75.92) | 71.83 (68.76–73.30) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 102.4 | 4.54E-10 |
| 16–25 years (N = 65) | 84.78 (79.01–86.95) | 52.63 (42.71–64.29) | 68.71 (62.36–74.13) | 81.25 (77.50–84.98) | 58.82 (48.66–64.35) | 0.69 (0.55–0.82) | 9.75 | .002 |
| 26–35 years (N = 127) | 85.71 (80.46–88.25) | 62.00 (57.16–68.21) | 73.86 (70.01–76.99) | 77.65 (74.94–80.42) | 73.81 (66.82–77.73) | 0.74 (0.65–0.82) | 31.18 | 2.35E + 06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 118) | 69.62 (64.23–74.20) | 61.54 (57.37–73.94) | 65.58 (62.53–72.33) | 78.57 (76.32–84.38) | 50.00 (46.13–56.50) | 0.66 (0.55–0.76) | 10.5 | .001 |
| 46–55 years (N = 73) | 40.63 (28.76–47.88) | 73.17 (70.60–79.21) | 56.90 (51.36–61.50) | 54.17 (47.55–60.95) | 61.22 (57.14–64.71) | 0.57 (0.44–0.70) | 1.55 | .21 |
| 56–65 years (N = 106) | 42.86 (28.31–63.23) | 89.13 (78.99–91.40) | 65.99 (57.36–73.64) | 37.50 (21.78–42.82) | 91.11 (88.76–93.64) | 0.66 (0.50–0.82) | 9.7 | .002 |
| MDD Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 485) | 67.92 (63.48–70.72) | 66.12 (63.92–69.55) | 67.02 (64.60–69.24) | 66.26 (64.13–68.67) | 67.78 (64.82–70.07) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 56.2 | 6.54E-14 |
| 16–25 years (N = 43) | 58.33 (50.20–71.31) | 47.37 (38.76–56.74) | 52.85 (46.53–61.97) | 58.33 (52.82–66.07) | 47.37 (40.05–58.33) | 0.53 (0.35–0.70) | 0.14 | .71 |
| 26–35 years (N = 95) | 80.00 (69.08–84.33) | 70.00 (64.64–76.59) | 75.00 (68.77–78.54) | 70.59 (65.32–75.01) | 79.55 (71.28–83.10) | 0.75 (0.65–0.85) | 23.81 | 1.06E-06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 103) | 68.75 (61.62–73.39) | 66.67 (58.60–71.09) | 67.71 (62.50–70.85) | 77.19 (72.00–79.82) | 56.52 (49.42–60.46) | 0.68 (0.57–0.78) | 12.3 | 4.53E-04 |
| 46–55 years (N = 88) | 68.09 (58.20–75.21) | 56.10 (52.47–67.67) | 62.09 (57.51–69.28) | 64.00 (60.38–71.04) | 60.53 (54.27–68.21) | 0.62 (0.50–0.74) | 5.22 | .02 |
| 56–65 years (N = 136) | 61.92 (56.02–67.95) | 71.74 (68.45–76.34) | 66.55 (64.03–70.30) | 50.94 (48.01–55.54) | 79.52 (77.48–82.38) | 0.67 (0.56–0.77) | 13.71 | 2.13E-04 |
| Differential Diagnostic Model (SCZ vs MDD) | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 490) | 71.6 (69.30–74.41) | 54.17 (51.74–57.73) | 62.88 (61.22–65.37) | 61.94 (60.48–64.16) | 64.68 (62.60–67.64) | 0.63 (0.58–0.68) | 33.6 | 6.76E-09 |
| 16–25 years (N = 70) | 97.83 (94.32–100) | 0 (–2.03–2.87) | 48.91 (47.35–50.35) | 65.22 (64.49–65.88) | 0 | 0.49 (0.34–0.63) | 0.53 | .47 |
| 26–35 years (N = 122) | 97.40 (92.04–99.05) | 17.78 (12.20–24.13) | 57.59 (53.61–60.09) | 66.96 (64.95–68.35) | 80.00 (54.87–87.02) | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 8.7 | .003 |
| 36–45 years (N = 143) | 70.89 (66.77–77.40) | 34.38 (30.58–44.75) | 52.63 (51.03–58.72) | 57.14 (55.96–61.68) | 48.89 (46.34–58.09) | 0.53 (0.43–0.62) | 0.45 | .5 |
| 46–55 years (N = 79) | 9.38 (6.50–19.58) | 87.23 (81.03–92.20) | 48.30 (45.50–54.16) | 33.33 (23.40–56.48) | 58.57 (56.99–61.81) | 0.48 (0.35–0.61) | 0.22 | .64 |
| 56–65 years (N = 58) | 0 (–4.16–6.98) | 97.73 (92.15–100) | 48.86 (45.15–52.36) | 0 | 75.44 (74.01–76.77) | 0.49 (0.31–0.66) | 0.32 | .57 |
| . | SENS (%) (95% CI) . | SPEC (%) (95% CI) . | BAC (%) (95% CI) . | PPV (%) (95% CI) . | NPV (%) (95% CI) . | AUC (95% CI) . | χ2 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCZ Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 495) | 71.60 (67.91–73.32) | 73.88 (70.07–76.96) | 72.73 (69.71–74.42) | 73.66 (70.36–75.92) | 71.83 (68.76–73.30) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 102.4 | 4.54E-10 |
| 16–25 years (N = 65) | 84.78 (79.01–86.95) | 52.63 (42.71–64.29) | 68.71 (62.36–74.13) | 81.25 (77.50–84.98) | 58.82 (48.66–64.35) | 0.69 (0.55–0.82) | 9.75 | .002 |
| 26–35 years (N = 127) | 85.71 (80.46–88.25) | 62.00 (57.16–68.21) | 73.86 (70.01–76.99) | 77.65 (74.94–80.42) | 73.81 (66.82–77.73) | 0.74 (0.65–0.82) | 31.18 | 2.35E + 06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 118) | 69.62 (64.23–74.20) | 61.54 (57.37–73.94) | 65.58 (62.53–72.33) | 78.57 (76.32–84.38) | 50.00 (46.13–56.50) | 0.66 (0.55–0.76) | 10.5 | .001 |
| 46–55 years (N = 73) | 40.63 (28.76–47.88) | 73.17 (70.60–79.21) | 56.90 (51.36–61.50) | 54.17 (47.55–60.95) | 61.22 (57.14–64.71) | 0.57 (0.44–0.70) | 1.55 | .21 |
| 56–65 years (N = 106) | 42.86 (28.31–63.23) | 89.13 (78.99–91.40) | 65.99 (57.36–73.64) | 37.50 (21.78–42.82) | 91.11 (88.76–93.64) | 0.66 (0.50–0.82) | 9.7 | .002 |
| MDD Classification Model | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 485) | 67.92 (63.48–70.72) | 66.12 (63.92–69.55) | 67.02 (64.60–69.24) | 66.26 (64.13–68.67) | 67.78 (64.82–70.07) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 56.2 | 6.54E-14 |
| 16–25 years (N = 43) | 58.33 (50.20–71.31) | 47.37 (38.76–56.74) | 52.85 (46.53–61.97) | 58.33 (52.82–66.07) | 47.37 (40.05–58.33) | 0.53 (0.35–0.70) | 0.14 | .71 |
| 26–35 years (N = 95) | 80.00 (69.08–84.33) | 70.00 (64.64–76.59) | 75.00 (68.77–78.54) | 70.59 (65.32–75.01) | 79.55 (71.28–83.10) | 0.75 (0.65–0.85) | 23.81 | 1.06E-06 |
| 36–45 years (N = 103) | 68.75 (61.62–73.39) | 66.67 (58.60–71.09) | 67.71 (62.50–70.85) | 77.19 (72.00–79.82) | 56.52 (49.42–60.46) | 0.68 (0.57–0.78) | 12.3 | 4.53E-04 |
| 46–55 years (N = 88) | 68.09 (58.20–75.21) | 56.10 (52.47–67.67) | 62.09 (57.51–69.28) | 64.00 (60.38–71.04) | 60.53 (54.27–68.21) | 0.62 (0.50–0.74) | 5.22 | .02 |
| 56–65 years (N = 136) | 61.92 (56.02–67.95) | 71.74 (68.45–76.34) | 66.55 (64.03–70.30) | 50.94 (48.01–55.54) | 79.52 (77.48–82.38) | 0.67 (0.56–0.77) | 13.71 | 2.13E-04 |
| Differential Diagnostic Model (SCZ vs MDD) | ||||||||
| Overall (N = 490) | 71.6 (69.30–74.41) | 54.17 (51.74–57.73) | 62.88 (61.22–65.37) | 61.94 (60.48–64.16) | 64.68 (62.60–67.64) | 0.63 (0.58–0.68) | 33.6 | 6.76E-09 |
| 16–25 years (N = 70) | 97.83 (94.32–100) | 0 (–2.03–2.87) | 48.91 (47.35–50.35) | 65.22 (64.49–65.88) | 0 | 0.49 (0.34–0.63) | 0.53 | .47 |
| 26–35 years (N = 122) | 97.40 (92.04–99.05) | 17.78 (12.20–24.13) | 57.59 (53.61–60.09) | 66.96 (64.95–68.35) | 80.00 (54.87–87.02) | 0.58 (0.47–0.68) | 8.7 | .003 |
| 36–45 years (N = 143) | 70.89 (66.77–77.40) | 34.38 (30.58–44.75) | 52.63 (51.03–58.72) | 57.14 (55.96–61.68) | 48.89 (46.34–58.09) | 0.53 (0.43–0.62) | 0.45 | .5 |
| 46–55 years (N = 79) | 9.38 (6.50–19.58) | 87.23 (81.03–92.20) | 48.30 (45.50–54.16) | 33.33 (23.40–56.48) | 58.57 (56.99–61.81) | 0.48 (0.35–0.61) | 0.22 | .64 |
| 56–65 years (N = 58) | 0 (–4.16–6.98) | 97.73 (92.15–100) | 48.86 (45.15–52.36) | 0 | 75.44 (74.01–76.77) | 0.49 (0.31–0.66) | 0.32 | .57 |
Note: The performance of three classification models (SCZ, MDD, and Differential Diagnostic Models) are represented in five different 10-year apart age bins (16–25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, 56–65) along with their overall performances. Highest sensitivity was found in the youngest age bin for SCZ and Differential Diagnostic Model and in the 36–45 years age bin for MDD Model. In all three models, the highest BAC was achieved in the 26–36 years of age group. SEN, sensitivity; SPEC, Specificity; BAC, balanced accuracy; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; P value threshold = .05.
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