Characteristics of the Incidence Sample and the Setting-Level Variables per Catchment Area
| Catchment Area . | Incidence Sample . | Setting-Level Variables . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All FEP . | In Controls . | In Population . | |||||||
| Cases, N (% of Total Across Catchment Areas) . | Women, N (%)a . | Age-at-First-Contact <35 (y), N (%)a . | Migrant/Ethnic Minority Groups,N (%)a . | Daily Cannabis, %b . | High-Potency Cannabis, %b . | Unemployment, % . | Owner-Occupancy, % . | Population Density, People per km2 . | |
| England | |||||||||
| Southeast London | 262 (10.7) | 121 (46.2) | 144 (55.0) | 201 (76.7) | 12.5 | 26.5 | 5.3 | 35.0 | 6162.3 |
| Cambridgeshire | 266 (10.8) | 115 (43.2) | 187 (70.3) | 103 (38.7) | 3.4 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 67.0 | 241.5 |
| The Netherlands | |||||||||
| Amsterdam | 293 (11.9) | 104 (35.5) | 175 (59.7) | 204 (69.6) | 14.8 | 54.3 | 4.0 | 46.3 | 4908.0 |
| Gouda and Voorhoutc | 166 (6.7) | 65 (39.2) | 111 (66.9) | 40 (24.1) | 4.6 | 19.2 | 4.3 | 58.7 | 4208.0 |
| Spain | |||||||||
| Madrid | 88 (3.6) | 30 (34.1) | 51 (58.0) | 12 (13.6) | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 76.8 | 4997.2 |
| Barcelona | 108 (4.4) | 46 (42.6) | 78 (72.2) | 26 (24.1) | 15.5 | 19.9 | 14.0 | 74.3 | 12 326.5 |
| Valenciac | 59 (2.4) | 27 (45.8) | 38 (64.4) | 10 (16.9) | 10.3 | 12.0 | 17.7 | 82.7 | 14 468.0 |
| Oviedoc | 82 (3.3) | 42 (51.2) | 44 (53.7) | 15 (18.3) | 3.2 | 4.3 | 13.1 | 79.9 | 141.9 |
| Santiagoc | 36 (1.5) | 15 (41.7) | 18 (50.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 77.9 | 102.2 |
| Cuencac | 27 (1.1) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (74.1) | 7 (25.9) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 17.0 | 81.9 | 11.6 |
| France | |||||||||
| Val-de-Marne | 210 (8.5) | 102 (48.6) | 124 (59.0) | 67 (31.9) | 11.9 | 20.4 | 4.2 | 47.6 | 3721.3 |
| Italy | |||||||||
| Bolognac | 165 (6.7) | 79 (47.9) | 107 (64.8) | 49 (29.7) | 1.1 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 71.4 | 2744.0 |
| Palermo | 179 (7.3) | 79 (44.1) | 114 (63.7) | 22 (12.3) | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 70.2 | 4200.0 |
| Brazil | |||||||||
| Ribeirão Preto | 519 (21.1) | 249 (48.0) | 308 (59.3) | 242 (46.6) | 7.2 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 80.8 | 145.2 |
| Total | 2460 (100) | 1080 (43.9) | 1519 (61.7) | 999 (40.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Meand (SD) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.2 (5.7–8.7) | 12.2 (10.4–14.0) | 9.0 (5.5) | 67.9 (15.2) | 4169.8 (4486.8) |
| Catchment Area . | Incidence Sample . | Setting-Level Variables . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All FEP . | In Controls . | In Population . | |||||||
| Cases, N (% of Total Across Catchment Areas) . | Women, N (%)a . | Age-at-First-Contact <35 (y), N (%)a . | Migrant/Ethnic Minority Groups,N (%)a . | Daily Cannabis, %b . | High-Potency Cannabis, %b . | Unemployment, % . | Owner-Occupancy, % . | Population Density, People per km2 . | |
| England | |||||||||
| Southeast London | 262 (10.7) | 121 (46.2) | 144 (55.0) | 201 (76.7) | 12.5 | 26.5 | 5.3 | 35.0 | 6162.3 |
| Cambridgeshire | 266 (10.8) | 115 (43.2) | 187 (70.3) | 103 (38.7) | 3.4 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 67.0 | 241.5 |
| The Netherlands | |||||||||
| Amsterdam | 293 (11.9) | 104 (35.5) | 175 (59.7) | 204 (69.6) | 14.8 | 54.3 | 4.0 | 46.3 | 4908.0 |
| Gouda and Voorhoutc | 166 (6.7) | 65 (39.2) | 111 (66.9) | 40 (24.1) | 4.6 | 19.2 | 4.3 | 58.7 | 4208.0 |
| Spain | |||||||||
| Madrid | 88 (3.6) | 30 (34.1) | 51 (58.0) | 12 (13.6) | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 76.8 | 4997.2 |
| Barcelona | 108 (4.4) | 46 (42.6) | 78 (72.2) | 26 (24.1) | 15.5 | 19.9 | 14.0 | 74.3 | 12 326.5 |
| Valenciac | 59 (2.4) | 27 (45.8) | 38 (64.4) | 10 (16.9) | 10.3 | 12.0 | 17.7 | 82.7 | 14 468.0 |
| Oviedoc | 82 (3.3) | 42 (51.2) | 44 (53.7) | 15 (18.3) | 3.2 | 4.3 | 13.1 | 79.9 | 141.9 |
| Santiagoc | 36 (1.5) | 15 (41.7) | 18 (50.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 77.9 | 102.2 |
| Cuencac | 27 (1.1) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (74.1) | 7 (25.9) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 17.0 | 81.9 | 11.6 |
| France | |||||||||
| Val-de-Marne | 210 (8.5) | 102 (48.6) | 124 (59.0) | 67 (31.9) | 11.9 | 20.4 | 4.2 | 47.6 | 3721.3 |
| Italy | |||||||||
| Bolognac | 165 (6.7) | 79 (47.9) | 107 (64.8) | 49 (29.7) | 1.1 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 71.4 | 2744.0 |
| Palermo | 179 (7.3) | 79 (44.1) | 114 (63.7) | 22 (12.3) | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 70.2 | 4200.0 |
| Brazil | |||||||||
| Ribeirão Preto | 519 (21.1) | 249 (48.0) | 308 (59.3) | 242 (46.6) | 7.2 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 80.8 | 145.2 |
| Total | 2460 (100) | 1080 (43.9) | 1519 (61.7) | 999 (40.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Meand (SD) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.2 (5.7–8.7) | 12.2 (10.4–14.0) | 9.0 (5.5) | 67.9 (15.2) | 4169.8 (4486.8) |
Note: FEP, first-episode psychosis; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
aPer catchment area.
bFollowing multiple imputation by chained equations (supplement 2) to impute missing cannabis use data among controls, with poststratification weights applied (supplement 3).
cExcluded from 8-setting analyses, which were restricted to settings with a maximum of 10% missing data on cannabis use in the control sample.
dSetting-level mean and SD, except cannabis use variables which show weighted mean cannabis use in controls and 95% CIs following multiple imputation across imputed datasets.
Characteristics of the Incidence Sample and the Setting-Level Variables per Catchment Area
| Catchment Area . | Incidence Sample . | Setting-Level Variables . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All FEP . | In Controls . | In Population . | |||||||
| Cases, N (% of Total Across Catchment Areas) . | Women, N (%)a . | Age-at-First-Contact <35 (y), N (%)a . | Migrant/Ethnic Minority Groups,N (%)a . | Daily Cannabis, %b . | High-Potency Cannabis, %b . | Unemployment, % . | Owner-Occupancy, % . | Population Density, People per km2 . | |
| England | |||||||||
| Southeast London | 262 (10.7) | 121 (46.2) | 144 (55.0) | 201 (76.7) | 12.5 | 26.5 | 5.3 | 35.0 | 6162.3 |
| Cambridgeshire | 266 (10.8) | 115 (43.2) | 187 (70.3) | 103 (38.7) | 3.4 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 67.0 | 241.5 |
| The Netherlands | |||||||||
| Amsterdam | 293 (11.9) | 104 (35.5) | 175 (59.7) | 204 (69.6) | 14.8 | 54.3 | 4.0 | 46.3 | 4908.0 |
| Gouda and Voorhoutc | 166 (6.7) | 65 (39.2) | 111 (66.9) | 40 (24.1) | 4.6 | 19.2 | 4.3 | 58.7 | 4208.0 |
| Spain | |||||||||
| Madrid | 88 (3.6) | 30 (34.1) | 51 (58.0) | 12 (13.6) | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 76.8 | 4997.2 |
| Barcelona | 108 (4.4) | 46 (42.6) | 78 (72.2) | 26 (24.1) | 15.5 | 19.9 | 14.0 | 74.3 | 12 326.5 |
| Valenciac | 59 (2.4) | 27 (45.8) | 38 (64.4) | 10 (16.9) | 10.3 | 12.0 | 17.7 | 82.7 | 14 468.0 |
| Oviedoc | 82 (3.3) | 42 (51.2) | 44 (53.7) | 15 (18.3) | 3.2 | 4.3 | 13.1 | 79.9 | 141.9 |
| Santiagoc | 36 (1.5) | 15 (41.7) | 18 (50.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 77.9 | 102.2 |
| Cuencac | 27 (1.1) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (74.1) | 7 (25.9) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 17.0 | 81.9 | 11.6 |
| France | |||||||||
| Val-de-Marne | 210 (8.5) | 102 (48.6) | 124 (59.0) | 67 (31.9) | 11.9 | 20.4 | 4.2 | 47.6 | 3721.3 |
| Italy | |||||||||
| Bolognac | 165 (6.7) | 79 (47.9) | 107 (64.8) | 49 (29.7) | 1.1 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 71.4 | 2744.0 |
| Palermo | 179 (7.3) | 79 (44.1) | 114 (63.7) | 22 (12.3) | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 70.2 | 4200.0 |
| Brazil | |||||||||
| Ribeirão Preto | 519 (21.1) | 249 (48.0) | 308 (59.3) | 242 (46.6) | 7.2 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 80.8 | 145.2 |
| Total | 2460 (100) | 1080 (43.9) | 1519 (61.7) | 999 (40.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Meand (SD) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.2 (5.7–8.7) | 12.2 (10.4–14.0) | 9.0 (5.5) | 67.9 (15.2) | 4169.8 (4486.8) |
| Catchment Area . | Incidence Sample . | Setting-Level Variables . | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All FEP . | In Controls . | In Population . | |||||||
| Cases, N (% of Total Across Catchment Areas) . | Women, N (%)a . | Age-at-First-Contact <35 (y), N (%)a . | Migrant/Ethnic Minority Groups,N (%)a . | Daily Cannabis, %b . | High-Potency Cannabis, %b . | Unemployment, % . | Owner-Occupancy, % . | Population Density, People per km2 . | |
| England | |||||||||
| Southeast London | 262 (10.7) | 121 (46.2) | 144 (55.0) | 201 (76.7) | 12.5 | 26.5 | 5.3 | 35.0 | 6162.3 |
| Cambridgeshire | 266 (10.8) | 115 (43.2) | 187 (70.3) | 103 (38.7) | 3.4 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 67.0 | 241.5 |
| The Netherlands | |||||||||
| Amsterdam | 293 (11.9) | 104 (35.5) | 175 (59.7) | 204 (69.6) | 14.8 | 54.3 | 4.0 | 46.3 | 4908.0 |
| Gouda and Voorhoutc | 166 (6.7) | 65 (39.2) | 111 (66.9) | 40 (24.1) | 4.6 | 19.2 | 4.3 | 58.7 | 4208.0 |
| Spain | |||||||||
| Madrid | 88 (3.6) | 30 (34.1) | 51 (58.0) | 12 (13.6) | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 76.8 | 4997.2 |
| Barcelona | 108 (4.4) | 46 (42.6) | 78 (72.2) | 26 (24.1) | 15.5 | 19.9 | 14.0 | 74.3 | 12 326.5 |
| Valenciac | 59 (2.4) | 27 (45.8) | 38 (64.4) | 10 (16.9) | 10.3 | 12.0 | 17.7 | 82.7 | 14 468.0 |
| Oviedoc | 82 (3.3) | 42 (51.2) | 44 (53.7) | 15 (18.3) | 3.2 | 4.3 | 13.1 | 79.9 | 141.9 |
| Santiagoc | 36 (1.5) | 15 (41.7) | 18 (50.0) | 1 (2.8) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.8 | 77.9 | 102.2 |
| Cuencac | 27 (1.1) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (74.1) | 7 (25.9) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 17.0 | 81.9 | 11.6 |
| France | |||||||||
| Val-de-Marne | 210 (8.5) | 102 (48.6) | 124 (59.0) | 67 (31.9) | 11.9 | 20.4 | 4.2 | 47.6 | 3721.3 |
| Italy | |||||||||
| Bolognac | 165 (6.7) | 79 (47.9) | 107 (64.8) | 49 (29.7) | 1.1 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 71.4 | 2744.0 |
| Palermo | 179 (7.3) | 79 (44.1) | 114 (63.7) | 22 (12.3) | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 70.2 | 4200.0 |
| Brazil | |||||||||
| Ribeirão Preto | 519 (21.1) | 249 (48.0) | 308 (59.3) | 242 (46.6) | 7.2 | 2.1 | 4.4 | 80.8 | 145.2 |
| Total | 2460 (100) | 1080 (43.9) | 1519 (61.7) | 999 (40.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Meand (SD) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.2 (5.7–8.7) | 12.2 (10.4–14.0) | 9.0 (5.5) | 67.9 (15.2) | 4169.8 (4486.8) |
Note: FEP, first-episode psychosis; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
aPer catchment area.
bFollowing multiple imputation by chained equations (supplement 2) to impute missing cannabis use data among controls, with poststratification weights applied (supplement 3).
cExcluded from 8-setting analyses, which were restricted to settings with a maximum of 10% missing data on cannabis use in the control sample.
dSetting-level mean and SD, except cannabis use variables which show weighted mean cannabis use in controls and 95% CIs following multiple imputation across imputed datasets.
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