Table 7.
Open in new tab

The effect of reforms on electoral outcomes—election year versus rest of term.

(I)(II)(III)(IV)(V)
Reform_ey−1.410***−1.615**−1.730**−1.362**−1.409**
(0.473)(0.647)(0.664)(0.640)(0.646)
Reform_term−0.336−0.3280.177−0.068−0.218
(0.520)(0.585)(0.699)(0.844)(0.544)
Initial level regulation−3.399−0.49113.45013.017−3.157
(3.005)(5.188)(17.792)(18.302)(3.288)
Growth_ey0.512**0.3620.2600.171
(0.206)(0.265)(0.410)(0.431)
Growth_term0.4250.699*0.826*0.751
(0.323)(0.398)(0.486)(0.495)
Advanced economy3.474***2.782**
(1.245)(1.253)
New democracies0.804−0.0360.380−0.0630.461
(1.109)(2.187)(3.950)(3.981)(1.231)
Majoritarian system2.293**4.37610.865**10.944**2.209**
(0.923)(4.164)(4.585)(4.811)(0.923)
Lagged vote share−0.146−0.243**−0.264*−0.265*−0.136
(0.093)(0.103)(0.137)(0.134)(0.088)
Budget0.152
(0.266)
Inflation−0.006*
(0.003)
Country fixed effectsNoYesYesYesNo
Country-specific time trendsNoNoYesYesNo
R20.1010.2660.4700.4760.060
Observations327327327327328
(I)(II)(III)(IV)(V)
Reform_ey−1.410***−1.615**−1.730**−1.362**−1.409**
(0.473)(0.647)(0.664)(0.640)(0.646)
Reform_term−0.336−0.3280.177−0.068−0.218
(0.520)(0.585)(0.699)(0.844)(0.544)
Initial level regulation−3.399−0.49113.45013.017−3.157
(3.005)(5.188)(17.792)(18.302)(3.288)
Growth_ey0.512**0.3620.2600.171
(0.206)(0.265)(0.410)(0.431)
Growth_term0.4250.699*0.826*0.751
(0.323)(0.398)(0.486)(0.495)
Advanced economy3.474***2.782**
(1.245)(1.253)
New democracies0.804−0.0360.380−0.0630.461
(1.109)(2.187)(3.950)(3.981)(1.231)
Majoritarian system2.293**4.37610.865**10.944**2.209**
(0.923)(4.164)(4.585)(4.811)(0.923)
Lagged vote share−0.146−0.243**−0.264*−0.265*−0.136
(0.093)(0.103)(0.137)(0.134)(0.088)
Budget0.152
(0.266)
Inflation−0.006*
(0.003)
Country fixed effectsNoYesYesYesNo
Country-specific time trendsNoNoYesYesNo
R20.1010.2660.4700.4760.060
Observations327327327327328

Notes: The dependent variable is the change in the incumbent party's vote share. Reform_ey and Reform_term denote reforms in the election year and in the rest of the incumbent leader's term, respectively. Estimates are based on equation (3). Standard deviations based on robust standard errors are in parentheses., *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.

Table 7.
Open in new tab

The effect of reforms on electoral outcomes—election year versus rest of term.

(I)(II)(III)(IV)(V)
Reform_ey−1.410***−1.615**−1.730**−1.362**−1.409**
(0.473)(0.647)(0.664)(0.640)(0.646)
Reform_term−0.336−0.3280.177−0.068−0.218
(0.520)(0.585)(0.699)(0.844)(0.544)
Initial level regulation−3.399−0.49113.45013.017−3.157
(3.005)(5.188)(17.792)(18.302)(3.288)
Growth_ey0.512**0.3620.2600.171
(0.206)(0.265)(0.410)(0.431)
Growth_term0.4250.699*0.826*0.751
(0.323)(0.398)(0.486)(0.495)
Advanced economy3.474***2.782**
(1.245)(1.253)
New democracies0.804−0.0360.380−0.0630.461
(1.109)(2.187)(3.950)(3.981)(1.231)
Majoritarian system2.293**4.37610.865**10.944**2.209**
(0.923)(4.164)(4.585)(4.811)(0.923)
Lagged vote share−0.146−0.243**−0.264*−0.265*−0.136
(0.093)(0.103)(0.137)(0.134)(0.088)
Budget0.152
(0.266)
Inflation−0.006*
(0.003)
Country fixed effectsNoYesYesYesNo
Country-specific time trendsNoNoYesYesNo
R20.1010.2660.4700.4760.060
Observations327327327327328
(I)(II)(III)(IV)(V)
Reform_ey−1.410***−1.615**−1.730**−1.362**−1.409**
(0.473)(0.647)(0.664)(0.640)(0.646)
Reform_term−0.336−0.3280.177−0.068−0.218
(0.520)(0.585)(0.699)(0.844)(0.544)
Initial level regulation−3.399−0.49113.45013.017−3.157
(3.005)(5.188)(17.792)(18.302)(3.288)
Growth_ey0.512**0.3620.2600.171
(0.206)(0.265)(0.410)(0.431)
Growth_term0.4250.699*0.826*0.751
(0.323)(0.398)(0.486)(0.495)
Advanced economy3.474***2.782**
(1.245)(1.253)
New democracies0.804−0.0360.380−0.0630.461
(1.109)(2.187)(3.950)(3.981)(1.231)
Majoritarian system2.293**4.37610.865**10.944**2.209**
(0.923)(4.164)(4.585)(4.811)(0.923)
Lagged vote share−0.146−0.243**−0.264*−0.265*−0.136
(0.093)(0.103)(0.137)(0.134)(0.088)
Budget0.152
(0.266)
Inflation−0.006*
(0.003)
Country fixed effectsNoYesYesYesNo
Country-specific time trendsNoNoYesYesNo
R20.1010.2660.4700.4760.060
Observations327327327327328

Notes: The dependent variable is the change in the incumbent party's vote share. Reform_ey and Reform_term denote reforms in the election year and in the rest of the incumbent leader's term, respectively. Estimates are based on equation (3). Standard deviations based on robust standard errors are in parentheses., *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.

Close
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

Sign In or Create an Account

Close

This PDF is available to Subscribers Only

View Article Abstract & Purchase Options

For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.

Close