Change in the reform indicator in the electoral cycle (normalized by one standard deviation).
| . | All . | Weak economic conditions . | Strong economic conditions . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reform_ey | 0.410 | 0.432 | 0.381 |
| Reform_ey (+) | 0.491 | 0.503 | 0.474 |
| Reversal_ey (−) | −0.072 | −0.065 | −0.081 |
| Reform_term | 0.628 | 0.687 | 0.555 |
| Reform_term (+) | 0.680 | 0.729 | 0.620 |
| Reversal_term (−) | −0.043 | −0.037 | −0.049 |
| . | All . | Weak economic conditions . | Strong economic conditions . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reform_ey | 0.410 | 0.432 | 0.381 |
| Reform_ey (+) | 0.491 | 0.503 | 0.474 |
| Reversal_ey (−) | −0.072 | −0.065 | −0.081 |
| Reform_term | 0.628 | 0.687 | 0.555 |
| Reform_term (+) | 0.680 | 0.729 | 0.620 |
| Reversal_term (−) | −0.043 | −0.037 | −0.049 |
Notes: Reform_ey and Reform_term denote reforms in the election year and in the rest of the incumbent leader's term, respectively. Reform (+) and Reversal (−) denote liberalization and tightening reforms, respectively. Weak and strong economic conditions are defined as in equation (2).
Change in the reform indicator in the electoral cycle (normalized by one standard deviation).
| . | All . | Weak economic conditions . | Strong economic conditions . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reform_ey | 0.410 | 0.432 | 0.381 |
| Reform_ey (+) | 0.491 | 0.503 | 0.474 |
| Reversal_ey (−) | −0.072 | −0.065 | −0.081 |
| Reform_term | 0.628 | 0.687 | 0.555 |
| Reform_term (+) | 0.680 | 0.729 | 0.620 |
| Reversal_term (−) | −0.043 | −0.037 | −0.049 |
| . | All . | Weak economic conditions . | Strong economic conditions . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reform_ey | 0.410 | 0.432 | 0.381 |
| Reform_ey (+) | 0.491 | 0.503 | 0.474 |
| Reversal_ey (−) | −0.072 | −0.065 | −0.081 |
| Reform_term | 0.628 | 0.687 | 0.555 |
| Reform_term (+) | 0.680 | 0.729 | 0.620 |
| Reversal_term (−) | −0.043 | −0.037 | −0.049 |
Notes: Reform_ey and Reform_term denote reforms in the election year and in the rest of the incumbent leader's term, respectively. Reform (+) and Reversal (−) denote liberalization and tightening reforms, respectively. Weak and strong economic conditions are defined as in equation (2).
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