Table 3. Open in new tab Elections used... | Oxford Academic

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Elections used in the analysis.

Country name	Years covered	No. of elections	Leg. elections	Pres. elections	Dev. economy	Maj
Albania	2005–2013	3	x
Argentina	1995–2011	5		x
Australia	1977–2013	14	x		x
Austria	1983–2013	10	x		x
Belgium	1995–2014	6	x		x
Bolivia	1985–2014	7		x
Brazil	1998–2014	5		x
Bulgaria	2009	1	x
Canada	1997–2011	6	x		x	x
Chile	1999–2013	4		x		x
Colombia	1982–2014	7		x
Costa Rica	1994–2014	6		x
Czech Republic	2002–2006	2	x		x
Denmark	1977–2011	12	x		x
Dominican Rep.	2004–2012	3		x
Ecuador	1988–2013	3		x
El Salvador	1993–2014	5		x
Estonia	2003–2015	5	x		x	x
Finland	1979–2011	9	x		x
France	1988–2012	5		x	x	x
Georgia	2013	1		x	x
Germany	1980–2013	10	x
Ghana	2000–2012	4		x		x
Greece	1981–2014	10	x		x
Guatemala	1999–2003	2		x
Hungary	2002–2014	3	x
India	1996–2014	6	x
Ireland	1981–2011	8	x		x
Israel	1981–2015	10	x		x
Italy	1979–2008	6	x		x
Jamaica	1983–2011	6	x			x
Japan	1983–2014	11	x		x
Kenya	2007	1		x		x
Latvia	1998–2014	5	x		x
Malaysia	1983–2013	8	x			x
Mexico	1994–2012	4		x
Mozambique	2004–2014	3		x
Nepal	1998–2008	2	x			x
Netherlands	1982–2012	9	x		x
New Zealand	1978–2014	13	x		x	x
Nicaragua	2006–2011	2		x
Nigeria	2007–2015	3		x		x
Norway	1981–2013	9	x		x
Paraguay	1998–2013	4		x
Peru	1990	1		x
Philippines	2004–2010	2		x		x
Poland	2000	1		x
Portugal	1995–2011	6	x		x
Romania	1996–2012	4	x
Senegal	2012	1		x
South Korea	2007–2012	2		x	x
Spain	1993–2011	6	x		x
Sri Lanka	1994–2015	5		x
Sweden	1983–2014	10	x		x
Turkey	1991–2011	5	x
United Kingdom	1979–2010	8	x		x	x
United States	1984–2012	8		x	x	x
Uruguay	1989–2014	6		x
Venezuela	1983–2006	4		x

Country name	Years covered	No. of elections	Leg. elections	Pres. elections	Dev. economy	Maj
Albania	2005–2013	3	x
Argentina	1995–2011	5		x
Australia	1977–2013	14	x		x
Austria	1983–2013	10	x		x
Belgium	1995–2014	6	x		x
Bolivia	1985–2014	7		x
Brazil	1998–2014	5		x
Bulgaria	2009	1	x
Canada	1997–2011	6	x		x	x
Chile	1999–2013	4		x		x
Colombia	1982–2014	7		x
Costa Rica	1994–2014	6		x
Czech Republic	2002–2006	2	x		x
Denmark	1977–2011	12	x		x
Dominican Rep.	2004–2012	3		x
Ecuador	1988–2013	3		x
El Salvador	1993–2014	5		x
Estonia	2003–2015	5	x		x	x
Finland	1979–2011	9	x		x
France	1988–2012	5		x	x	x
Georgia	2013	1		x	x
Germany	1980–2013	10	x
Ghana	2000–2012	4		x		x
Greece	1981–2014	10	x		x
Guatemala	1999–2003	2		x
Hungary	2002–2014	3	x
India	1996–2014	6	x
Ireland	1981–2011	8	x		x
Israel	1981–2015	10	x		x
Italy	1979–2008	6	x		x
Jamaica	1983–2011	6	x			x
Japan	1983–2014	11	x		x
Kenya	2007	1		x		x
Latvia	1998–2014	5	x		x
Malaysia	1983–2013	8	x			x
Mexico	1994–2012	4		x
Mozambique	2004–2014	3		x
Nepal	1998–2008	2	x			x
Netherlands	1982–2012	9	x		x
New Zealand	1978–2014	13	x		x	x
Nicaragua	2006–2011	2		x
Nigeria	2007–2015	3		x		x
Norway	1981–2013	9	x		x
Paraguay	1998–2013	4		x
Peru	1990	1		x
Philippines	2004–2010	2		x		x
Poland	2000	1		x
Portugal	1995–2011	6	x		x
Romania	1996–2012	4	x
Senegal	2012	1		x
South Korea	2007–2012	2		x	x
Spain	1993–2011	6	x		x
Sri Lanka	1994–2015	5		x
Sweden	1983–2014	10	x		x
Turkey	1991–2011	5	x
United Kingdom	1979–2010	8	x		x	x
United States	1984–2012	8		x	x	x
Uruguay	1989–2014	6		x
Venezuela	1983–2006	4		x

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Elections used in the analysis.

Country name	Years covered	No. of elections	Leg. elections	Pres. elections	Dev. economy	Maj
Albania	2005–2013	3	x
Argentina	1995–2011	5		x
Australia	1977–2013	14	x		x
Austria	1983–2013	10	x		x
Belgium	1995–2014	6	x		x
Bolivia	1985–2014	7		x
Brazil	1998–2014	5		x
Bulgaria	2009	1	x
Canada	1997–2011	6	x		x	x
Chile	1999–2013	4		x		x
Colombia	1982–2014	7		x
Costa Rica	1994–2014	6		x
Czech Republic	2002–2006	2	x		x
Denmark	1977–2011	12	x		x
Dominican Rep.	2004–2012	3		x
Ecuador	1988–2013	3		x
El Salvador	1993–2014	5		x
Estonia	2003–2015	5	x		x	x
Finland	1979–2011	9	x		x
France	1988–2012	5		x	x	x
Georgia	2013	1		x	x
Germany	1980–2013	10	x
Ghana	2000–2012	4		x		x
Greece	1981–2014	10	x		x
Guatemala	1999–2003	2		x
Hungary	2002–2014	3	x
India	1996–2014	6	x
Ireland	1981–2011	8	x		x
Israel	1981–2015	10	x		x
Italy	1979–2008	6	x		x
Jamaica	1983–2011	6	x			x
Japan	1983–2014	11	x		x
Kenya	2007	1		x		x
Latvia	1998–2014	5	x		x
Malaysia	1983–2013	8	x			x
Mexico	1994–2012	4		x
Mozambique	2004–2014	3		x
Nepal	1998–2008	2	x			x
Netherlands	1982–2012	9	x		x
New Zealand	1978–2014	13	x		x	x
Nicaragua	2006–2011	2		x
Nigeria	2007–2015	3		x		x
Norway	1981–2013	9	x		x
Paraguay	1998–2013	4		x
Peru	1990	1		x
Philippines	2004–2010	2		x		x
Poland	2000	1		x
Portugal	1995–2011	6	x		x
Romania	1996–2012	4	x
Senegal	2012	1		x
South Korea	2007–2012	2		x	x
Spain	1993–2011	6	x		x
Sri Lanka	1994–2015	5		x
Sweden	1983–2014	10	x		x
Turkey	1991–2011	5	x
United Kingdom	1979–2010	8	x		x	x
United States	1984–2012	8		x	x	x
Uruguay	1989–2014	6		x
Venezuela	1983–2006	4		x

Country name	Years covered	No. of elections	Leg. elections	Pres. elections	Dev. economy	Maj
Albania	2005–2013	3	x
Argentina	1995–2011	5		x
Australia	1977–2013	14	x		x
Austria	1983–2013	10	x		x
Belgium	1995–2014	6	x		x
Bolivia	1985–2014	7		x
Brazil	1998–2014	5		x
Bulgaria	2009	1	x
Canada	1997–2011	6	x		x	x
Chile	1999–2013	4		x		x
Colombia	1982–2014	7		x
Costa Rica	1994–2014	6		x
Czech Republic	2002–2006	2	x		x
Denmark	1977–2011	12	x		x
Dominican Rep.	2004–2012	3		x
Ecuador	1988–2013	3		x
El Salvador	1993–2014	5		x
Estonia	2003–2015	5	x		x	x
Finland	1979–2011	9	x		x
France	1988–2012	5		x	x	x
Georgia	2013	1		x	x
Germany	1980–2013	10	x
Ghana	2000–2012	4		x		x
Greece	1981–2014	10	x		x
Guatemala	1999–2003	2		x
Hungary	2002–2014	3	x
India	1996–2014	6	x
Ireland	1981–2011	8	x		x
Israel	1981–2015	10	x		x
Italy	1979–2008	6	x		x
Jamaica	1983–2011	6	x			x
Japan	1983–2014	11	x		x
Kenya	2007	1		x		x
Latvia	1998–2014	5	x		x
Malaysia	1983–2013	8	x			x
Mexico	1994–2012	4		x
Mozambique	2004–2014	3		x
Nepal	1998–2008	2	x			x
Netherlands	1982–2012	9	x		x
New Zealand	1978–2014	13	x		x	x
Nicaragua	2006–2011	2		x
Nigeria	2007–2015	3		x		x
Norway	1981–2013	9	x		x
Paraguay	1998–2013	4		x
Peru	1990	1		x
Philippines	2004–2010	2		x		x
Poland	2000	1		x
Portugal	1995–2011	6	x		x
Romania	1996–2012	4	x
Senegal	2012	1		x
South Korea	2007–2012	2		x	x
Spain	1993–2011	6	x		x
Sri Lanka	1994–2015	5		x
Sweden	1983–2014	10	x		x
Turkey	1991–2011	5	x
United Kingdom	1979–2010	8	x		x	x
United States	1984–2012	8		x	x	x
Uruguay	1989–2014	6		x
Venezuela	1983–2006	4		x