Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Analysis of Physical Inactivity and Associated Factors Distributed in 2 Levels (Patient and Meso) and Grouped by Physically Active and Physically Inactive Statusa
| Block . | Variable . | Value/Scoring . | Total Sampleb . | Physically Active Status . | Physically Inactive Status . | Bivariate Analysis . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | 95% CI . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | Odds Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | |||
| Patient level (variables derived from empirical evidence) | Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||
| Agec | Years | 1105 | 47.6 (12.6) | 46.8–48.3 | 341 | 47.4 (12.7) | 764 | 47.6 (12.6) | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | .797 | |
| Sexc | Male | 647 (58.6) | 55.6–61.4 | 206 (60.4) | 441 (57.7) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | .410 | ||||
| Education levelc | Illiterate (0–4 y) | 86 (7.8) | 6.6–10.9 | 27 (8) | 59 (7.7) | Reference | |||||
| Elementary school (4–8 y) | 431 (39.0) | 36.2–41.9 | 125 (36.7) | 306 (40) | 1.12 (0.68–1.86) | .647 | |||||
| High school (>8–11 y) | 423 (38.3) | 35.4–41.2 | 135 (39.6) | 288 (37.7) | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | .937 | |||||
| College (>11 y) | 165 (14.9) | 12.9–17.2 | 54 (15.8) | 111 (14.5) | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | .842 | |||||
| Racec | White | 568 (51.4) | 48.4–54.3 | 173 (50.7) | 395 (51.7) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | .815 | ||||
| Marital statusc | Steady partner | 662 (59.9) | 57.0–62.9 | 191 (56.2) | 471 (61.7) | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | .080 | ||||
| Working statusc | Student | 29 (2.6) | 1.8–3.7 | 13 (3.8) | 16 (2.1) | – | |||||
| Not student | 1076 (97.4) | 96.2–98.2 | 328 (96.2) | 748 (97.9) | 1.873 (0.890–3.942) | .098 | |||||
| Familial incomec | Brazilian reference salary/mod | ||||||||||
| Up to 1 reference wage/mod | 281 (25.4) | 22.9–28 | 74 (21.8) | 207 (27.0) | – | ||||||
| >1 wage/mo | 823 (74.6) | 71.9–77.0 | 266 (78.2) | 557 (73.0) | 0.751 (0.554–1.018) | .066 | |||||
| Religionc | Yes | 1043 (94.4) | 92.9–95.6 | 323 (94.7) | 720 (94.2) | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) | .751 | ||||
| Clinical factors | |||||||||||
| CKD etiologyc | Chronic glomerulonephritis | 316 (28.6) | 25.9–31.3 | 97 (28.4) | 219 (28.7) | Reference | |||||
| Undetermined | 315 (28.5) | 25.9–31.2 | 101 (29.6) | 214 (28) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | .695 | |||||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 222 (20.1) | 17.8–25.5 | 74 (21.7) | 148 (19.4) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | .497 | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 96 (8.7) | 7.1–10.5 | 25 (7.3) | 71 (9.3) | 1.23 (0.74–2.07) | .415 | |||||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 65 (5.9) | 5.6–7.4 | 19 (5.6) | 46 (6) | 1.06 (0.59–1.91) | .831 | |||||
| Other | 91 (8.2) | 6.8–10.1 | 25 (7.3) | 66 (8.6) | 1.17 (0.69–1.97) | .555 | |||||
| Time on pre-KT treatmentc | Months | 1104 | 40.4 (40.4) | 38.0–42.7 | 341 | 39.1 (38.2) | 763 | 40.9 (41.4) | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | .501 | |
| Pre-KT treatment modalityc | Hemodialysis | 1028 (93.0) | 91.4–94.4 | 320 (93.8) | 708 (92.7) | Reference | |||||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 40 (3.7) | 2.7–4.9 | 11 (3.2) | 29 (3.8) | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | .609 | |||||
| Preemptive | 37 (3.3) | 0.7–2.1 | 10 (2.9) | 27 (3.5) | 1.22 (0.58–2.55) | .597 | |||||
| Comorbiditiesc | Hypertension | 798 (72.2) | 69.5–74.8 | 234 (68.6) | 564 (73.8) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | .082 | ||||
| Heart failure | 18 (1.6) | 1.2–2.6 | 3 (0.9) | 15 (2.0) | 2.2 (0.64–7.58) | .212 | |||||
| Coronary disease | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 10 (2.9) | 21 (2.7) | 0.93 (0.43–2.0) | .855 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 233 (21.1) | 18.7–23.6 | 65 (19.0) | 168 (22.0) | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | .291 | |||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 32 (2.9) | 2.0–4.1 | 4 (1.2) | 28 (3.7) | 3.16 (1.10–9.06) | .032 | |||||
| Creatinine | mg/dL | 1104 | 1.6 (0.84) | 1.55–1.65 | 340 | 1.54 (0.04) | 764 | 1.62 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | .129 | |
| Estimated GFR | CKD-EPI formula, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1105 | 58.0 (0.75) | 56.5–59.5 | 341 | 59.33 (1.32) | 764 | 57.40 (0.91) | 1.00 (0.99–1.0) | .236 | |
| CKD categoriesc | (GFR > 90) | 122 (11) | 9.3–13.0 | 44 (12.9) | 78 (10.2) | Reference | |||||
| (GFR 90–60) | 373 (33.8) | 31.0–36.6 | 113 (33.1) | 260 (34.0) | 1.29 (0.84–1.99) | .239 | |||||
| (GFR 59–45) | 257 (23.3) | 20.8–25.8 | 86 (25.2) | 171 (22.4) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | .629 | |||||
| (GFR 44–30) | 207 (18.7) | 16.5–21.1 | 60 (17.6) | 147 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.86–2.23) | .185 | |||||
| (GFR 29–15) | 123 (11.1) | 9.4–13.1 | 33 (9.7) | 90 (11.8) | 1.55 (0.90–2.68) | .116 | |||||
| (GFR < 15) | 23 (2) | 1.4–3.1 | 5 (1.5) | 18 (2.4) | 2.02 (0.70–5.82) | .191 | |||||
| Acute rejectionc | Yes | 250 (22.8) | 20.4–25.4 | 71 (21) | 179 (23.6) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | .327 | ||||
| No. of hospitalizations after KTc | Up to 3 | 901 (81.5) | 79.1–83.7 | 291 (85.3) | 610 (79.8) | Reference | .029 | ||||
| >3 | 204 (18.5) | 16.3–20.9 | 50 (14.7) | 154 (20.2) | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | ||||||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||||||||
| Time since transplantationc | Years | 1105 | 6.2 (4.8) | 5.9–6.5 | 341 | 6.0 (4.6) | 764 | 6.3 (4.9) | 1.0 (0.98–1.04) | .434 | |
| Time since transplantation, categoriesc | Up to 5 y | 566 (51.2) | 48.2–54.1 | 176 (51.6) | 390 (51.0) | Reference | .776 | ||||
| >5 y | 539 (48.8) | 45.8–51.3 | 165 (48.4) | 374 (48.9) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | ||||||
| Type of donorc | Living | 384 (34.7) | 31.9–37.5 | 120 (35.2) | 264 (34.5) | Reference | .862 | ||||
| Deceased | 721 (65.2) | 62.4–68 | 221 (64.8) | 500 (65.4) | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | ||||||
| Immunosuppressive agentsc | Prednisone | 1048 (94.8) | 93.4–96.0 | 326 (95.6) | 722 (94.5) | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | .449 | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 849 (76.8) | 74.2–79.2 | 264 (77.4) | 585 (76.6) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | .736 | |||||
| Sodium mycophenolate | 699 (63.3) | 60.4–66.0 | 222 (65.1) | 477 (62.4) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | .382 | |||||
| Azathioprine | 153 (13.8) | 11.9–16.0 | 43 (12.6) | 110 (14.4) | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | .365 | |||||
| Cyclosporine | 142 (12.8) | 11.0–14.9 | 38 (11.1) | 104 (13.6) | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) | .243 | |||||
| Everolimus | 138 (12.5) | 10.7–14.5 | 52 (15.2) | 86 (11.3) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | .063 | |||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 83 (7.5) | 6.0–9.2 | 24 (7.0) | 59 (7.7) | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | .701 | |||||
| Sirolimus | 72 (6.5) | 5.2–8.1 | 22 (6.4) | 50 (6.5) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | .958 | |||||
| Behavior factors | |||||||||||
| BMI categoriese | <25 kg/m2 | 527 (48.2) | 45.2–51.1 | 171 (50.4) | 356 (47.2) | Reference | |||||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 362 (33.1) | 30.4–35.9 | 124 (36.6) | 238 (31.5) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | .574 | |||||
| >30 kg/m2 | 205 (18.7) | 16.6–21.2 | 44 (13.0) | 161 (21.3) | 1.75 (1.20–2.56) | .004 | |||||
| Smokingc | Currently smoking | 43 (3.9) | 2.9–5.2 | 7 (2.1) | 36 (4.7) | 2.37 (1.04–5.40) | .039 | ||||
| Meso level (transplant center: characteristics and practice patterns in view of chronic illness management) | Structural characteristics | ||||||||||
| Transplant center activity (no. of transplants/y in last 5 y)e | Low (<50) | 422 (38.2) | 35.4–41.1 | 123 (36.1) | 299 (39.1) | Reference | |||||
| Moderate (50–150) | 398 (36) | 33.2–38.9 | 130 (38.1) | 268 (35.1) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | .272 | |||||
| High (>150) | 285 (25.8) | 23.2–28.4 | 88 (25.8) | 197 (25.8) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | .694 | |||||
| No. of beds in transplant center hospitale | Small/medium hospital: up to 150 beds | 86 (7.8) | 6.3–9.5 | 29 (8.5) | 57 (7.5) | Reference | |||||
| Large hospital: 150–500 beds | 592 (53.6) | 50.6–56.5 | 193 (56.6) | 399 (52.2) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | .859 | |||||
| Large specialized hospital: >500 beds | 427 (38.6) | 35.8–41.5 | 119 (34.9) | 308 (40.3) | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | .293 | |||||
| Not satisfied with waiting room structurec | Yes | 472 (42.8) | 39.9–45.7 | 138 (40.6) | 334 (43.8) | 1.14 (0.87–1.48) | .333 | ||||
| Not satisfied with no. of health care professionalsc | Yes | 493 (44.8) | 41.9–47.7 | 148 (43.7) | 345 (45.3) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | .611 | ||||
| Difficulty accessing center by public transportationc | Yes | 152 (13.8) | 18.8–15.9 | 43 (12.6) | 109 (14.3) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | .459 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with undergraduate medical studentse | Yes | 878 (79.5) | 77.0–81.7 | 257 (75.4) | 621 (81.3) | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | .028 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with medical residencye | Yes | 951 (86.1) | 83.9–88.0 | 296 (86.8) | 655 (85.7) | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | .649 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with nursing residencye | Yes | 227 (20.5) | 18.2–23.0 | 73 (21.4) | 154 (20.2) | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) | .673 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with multiprofessional residencye | Yes | 454 (41.1) | 38.2–44.0 | 148 (43.4) | 306 (40.0) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | .328 | ||||
| Team composition | |||||||||||
| Health care professionals dedicated to exercise on transplant teame | Exercise physiologist | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 13 (3.8) | 18 (2.4) | 0.61 (0.28–1.29) | .195 | ||||
| Physical therapist | 478 (43.3) | 40.3–46.2 | 152 (44.6) | 326 (42.7) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | .587 | |||||
| Block . | Variable . | Value/Scoring . | Total Sampleb . | Physically Active Status . | Physically Inactive Status . | Bivariate Analysis . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | 95% CI . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | Odds Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | |||
| Patient level (variables derived from empirical evidence) | Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||
| Agec | Years | 1105 | 47.6 (12.6) | 46.8–48.3 | 341 | 47.4 (12.7) | 764 | 47.6 (12.6) | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | .797 | |
| Sexc | Male | 647 (58.6) | 55.6–61.4 | 206 (60.4) | 441 (57.7) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | .410 | ||||
| Education levelc | Illiterate (0–4 y) | 86 (7.8) | 6.6–10.9 | 27 (8) | 59 (7.7) | Reference | |||||
| Elementary school (4–8 y) | 431 (39.0) | 36.2–41.9 | 125 (36.7) | 306 (40) | 1.12 (0.68–1.86) | .647 | |||||
| High school (>8–11 y) | 423 (38.3) | 35.4–41.2 | 135 (39.6) | 288 (37.7) | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | .937 | |||||
| College (>11 y) | 165 (14.9) | 12.9–17.2 | 54 (15.8) | 111 (14.5) | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | .842 | |||||
| Racec | White | 568 (51.4) | 48.4–54.3 | 173 (50.7) | 395 (51.7) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | .815 | ||||
| Marital statusc | Steady partner | 662 (59.9) | 57.0–62.9 | 191 (56.2) | 471 (61.7) | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | .080 | ||||
| Working statusc | Student | 29 (2.6) | 1.8–3.7 | 13 (3.8) | 16 (2.1) | – | |||||
| Not student | 1076 (97.4) | 96.2–98.2 | 328 (96.2) | 748 (97.9) | 1.873 (0.890–3.942) | .098 | |||||
| Familial incomec | Brazilian reference salary/mod | ||||||||||
| Up to 1 reference wage/mod | 281 (25.4) | 22.9–28 | 74 (21.8) | 207 (27.0) | – | ||||||
| >1 wage/mo | 823 (74.6) | 71.9–77.0 | 266 (78.2) | 557 (73.0) | 0.751 (0.554–1.018) | .066 | |||||
| Religionc | Yes | 1043 (94.4) | 92.9–95.6 | 323 (94.7) | 720 (94.2) | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) | .751 | ||||
| Clinical factors | |||||||||||
| CKD etiologyc | Chronic glomerulonephritis | 316 (28.6) | 25.9–31.3 | 97 (28.4) | 219 (28.7) | Reference | |||||
| Undetermined | 315 (28.5) | 25.9–31.2 | 101 (29.6) | 214 (28) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | .695 | |||||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 222 (20.1) | 17.8–25.5 | 74 (21.7) | 148 (19.4) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | .497 | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 96 (8.7) | 7.1–10.5 | 25 (7.3) | 71 (9.3) | 1.23 (0.74–2.07) | .415 | |||||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 65 (5.9) | 5.6–7.4 | 19 (5.6) | 46 (6) | 1.06 (0.59–1.91) | .831 | |||||
| Other | 91 (8.2) | 6.8–10.1 | 25 (7.3) | 66 (8.6) | 1.17 (0.69–1.97) | .555 | |||||
| Time on pre-KT treatmentc | Months | 1104 | 40.4 (40.4) | 38.0–42.7 | 341 | 39.1 (38.2) | 763 | 40.9 (41.4) | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | .501 | |
| Pre-KT treatment modalityc | Hemodialysis | 1028 (93.0) | 91.4–94.4 | 320 (93.8) | 708 (92.7) | Reference | |||||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 40 (3.7) | 2.7–4.9 | 11 (3.2) | 29 (3.8) | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | .609 | |||||
| Preemptive | 37 (3.3) | 0.7–2.1 | 10 (2.9) | 27 (3.5) | 1.22 (0.58–2.55) | .597 | |||||
| Comorbiditiesc | Hypertension | 798 (72.2) | 69.5–74.8 | 234 (68.6) | 564 (73.8) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | .082 | ||||
| Heart failure | 18 (1.6) | 1.2–2.6 | 3 (0.9) | 15 (2.0) | 2.2 (0.64–7.58) | .212 | |||||
| Coronary disease | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 10 (2.9) | 21 (2.7) | 0.93 (0.43–2.0) | .855 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 233 (21.1) | 18.7–23.6 | 65 (19.0) | 168 (22.0) | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | .291 | |||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 32 (2.9) | 2.0–4.1 | 4 (1.2) | 28 (3.7) | 3.16 (1.10–9.06) | .032 | |||||
| Creatinine | mg/dL | 1104 | 1.6 (0.84) | 1.55–1.65 | 340 | 1.54 (0.04) | 764 | 1.62 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | .129 | |
| Estimated GFR | CKD-EPI formula, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1105 | 58.0 (0.75) | 56.5–59.5 | 341 | 59.33 (1.32) | 764 | 57.40 (0.91) | 1.00 (0.99–1.0) | .236 | |
| CKD categoriesc | (GFR > 90) | 122 (11) | 9.3–13.0 | 44 (12.9) | 78 (10.2) | Reference | |||||
| (GFR 90–60) | 373 (33.8) | 31.0–36.6 | 113 (33.1) | 260 (34.0) | 1.29 (0.84–1.99) | .239 | |||||
| (GFR 59–45) | 257 (23.3) | 20.8–25.8 | 86 (25.2) | 171 (22.4) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | .629 | |||||
| (GFR 44–30) | 207 (18.7) | 16.5–21.1 | 60 (17.6) | 147 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.86–2.23) | .185 | |||||
| (GFR 29–15) | 123 (11.1) | 9.4–13.1 | 33 (9.7) | 90 (11.8) | 1.55 (0.90–2.68) | .116 | |||||
| (GFR < 15) | 23 (2) | 1.4–3.1 | 5 (1.5) | 18 (2.4) | 2.02 (0.70–5.82) | .191 | |||||
| Acute rejectionc | Yes | 250 (22.8) | 20.4–25.4 | 71 (21) | 179 (23.6) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | .327 | ||||
| No. of hospitalizations after KTc | Up to 3 | 901 (81.5) | 79.1–83.7 | 291 (85.3) | 610 (79.8) | Reference | .029 | ||||
| >3 | 204 (18.5) | 16.3–20.9 | 50 (14.7) | 154 (20.2) | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | ||||||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||||||||
| Time since transplantationc | Years | 1105 | 6.2 (4.8) | 5.9–6.5 | 341 | 6.0 (4.6) | 764 | 6.3 (4.9) | 1.0 (0.98–1.04) | .434 | |
| Time since transplantation, categoriesc | Up to 5 y | 566 (51.2) | 48.2–54.1 | 176 (51.6) | 390 (51.0) | Reference | .776 | ||||
| >5 y | 539 (48.8) | 45.8–51.3 | 165 (48.4) | 374 (48.9) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | ||||||
| Type of donorc | Living | 384 (34.7) | 31.9–37.5 | 120 (35.2) | 264 (34.5) | Reference | .862 | ||||
| Deceased | 721 (65.2) | 62.4–68 | 221 (64.8) | 500 (65.4) | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | ||||||
| Immunosuppressive agentsc | Prednisone | 1048 (94.8) | 93.4–96.0 | 326 (95.6) | 722 (94.5) | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | .449 | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 849 (76.8) | 74.2–79.2 | 264 (77.4) | 585 (76.6) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | .736 | |||||
| Sodium mycophenolate | 699 (63.3) | 60.4–66.0 | 222 (65.1) | 477 (62.4) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | .382 | |||||
| Azathioprine | 153 (13.8) | 11.9–16.0 | 43 (12.6) | 110 (14.4) | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | .365 | |||||
| Cyclosporine | 142 (12.8) | 11.0–14.9 | 38 (11.1) | 104 (13.6) | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) | .243 | |||||
| Everolimus | 138 (12.5) | 10.7–14.5 | 52 (15.2) | 86 (11.3) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | .063 | |||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 83 (7.5) | 6.0–9.2 | 24 (7.0) | 59 (7.7) | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | .701 | |||||
| Sirolimus | 72 (6.5) | 5.2–8.1 | 22 (6.4) | 50 (6.5) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | .958 | |||||
| Behavior factors | |||||||||||
| BMI categoriese | <25 kg/m2 | 527 (48.2) | 45.2–51.1 | 171 (50.4) | 356 (47.2) | Reference | |||||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 362 (33.1) | 30.4–35.9 | 124 (36.6) | 238 (31.5) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | .574 | |||||
| >30 kg/m2 | 205 (18.7) | 16.6–21.2 | 44 (13.0) | 161 (21.3) | 1.75 (1.20–2.56) | .004 | |||||
| Smokingc | Currently smoking | 43 (3.9) | 2.9–5.2 | 7 (2.1) | 36 (4.7) | 2.37 (1.04–5.40) | .039 | ||||
| Meso level (transplant center: characteristics and practice patterns in view of chronic illness management) | Structural characteristics | ||||||||||
| Transplant center activity (no. of transplants/y in last 5 y)e | Low (<50) | 422 (38.2) | 35.4–41.1 | 123 (36.1) | 299 (39.1) | Reference | |||||
| Moderate (50–150) | 398 (36) | 33.2–38.9 | 130 (38.1) | 268 (35.1) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | .272 | |||||
| High (>150) | 285 (25.8) | 23.2–28.4 | 88 (25.8) | 197 (25.8) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | .694 | |||||
| No. of beds in transplant center hospitale | Small/medium hospital: up to 150 beds | 86 (7.8) | 6.3–9.5 | 29 (8.5) | 57 (7.5) | Reference | |||||
| Large hospital: 150–500 beds | 592 (53.6) | 50.6–56.5 | 193 (56.6) | 399 (52.2) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | .859 | |||||
| Large specialized hospital: >500 beds | 427 (38.6) | 35.8–41.5 | 119 (34.9) | 308 (40.3) | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | .293 | |||||
| Not satisfied with waiting room structurec | Yes | 472 (42.8) | 39.9–45.7 | 138 (40.6) | 334 (43.8) | 1.14 (0.87–1.48) | .333 | ||||
| Not satisfied with no. of health care professionalsc | Yes | 493 (44.8) | 41.9–47.7 | 148 (43.7) | 345 (45.3) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | .611 | ||||
| Difficulty accessing center by public transportationc | Yes | 152 (13.8) | 18.8–15.9 | 43 (12.6) | 109 (14.3) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | .459 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with undergraduate medical studentse | Yes | 878 (79.5) | 77.0–81.7 | 257 (75.4) | 621 (81.3) | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | .028 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with medical residencye | Yes | 951 (86.1) | 83.9–88.0 | 296 (86.8) | 655 (85.7) | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | .649 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with nursing residencye | Yes | 227 (20.5) | 18.2–23.0 | 73 (21.4) | 154 (20.2) | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) | .673 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with multiprofessional residencye | Yes | 454 (41.1) | 38.2–44.0 | 148 (43.4) | 306 (40.0) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | .328 | ||||
| Team composition | |||||||||||
| Health care professionals dedicated to exercise on transplant teame | Exercise physiologist | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 13 (3.8) | 18 (2.4) | 0.61 (0.28–1.29) | .195 | ||||
| Physical therapist | 478 (43.3) | 40.3–46.2 | 152 (44.6) | 326 (42.7) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | .587 | |||||
Variables shown in bold type met the association threshold for entering the multiple model (OR of ≤0.75 or ≥1.25 and a P value of ≤ .20). BMI = body mass index; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI = Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; KT = kidney transplantation.
The maximum number of patients was 1105; the maximum number of centers was 20. After division into categories, the maximum numbers of patients with physically active status and physically inactive status were 764 and 341, respectively. Data for mesolevel variables, collected according to the center’s perspective, were attributed to patients, according to the multistage sampling profile. Some variables had few observations, depending on data availability.
Variable scored on the basis of the patient’s perspective (patient self-report).
Brazilian reference salary: US $248.28 per month.
Variable scored on the basis of the center’s perspective (transplant center representative).
Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Analysis of Physical Inactivity and Associated Factors Distributed in 2 Levels (Patient and Meso) and Grouped by Physically Active and Physically Inactive Statusa
| Block . | Variable . | Value/Scoring . | Total Sampleb . | Physically Active Status . | Physically Inactive Status . | Bivariate Analysis . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | 95% CI . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | Odds Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | |||
| Patient level (variables derived from empirical evidence) | Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||
| Agec | Years | 1105 | 47.6 (12.6) | 46.8–48.3 | 341 | 47.4 (12.7) | 764 | 47.6 (12.6) | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | .797 | |
| Sexc | Male | 647 (58.6) | 55.6–61.4 | 206 (60.4) | 441 (57.7) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | .410 | ||||
| Education levelc | Illiterate (0–4 y) | 86 (7.8) | 6.6–10.9 | 27 (8) | 59 (7.7) | Reference | |||||
| Elementary school (4–8 y) | 431 (39.0) | 36.2–41.9 | 125 (36.7) | 306 (40) | 1.12 (0.68–1.86) | .647 | |||||
| High school (>8–11 y) | 423 (38.3) | 35.4–41.2 | 135 (39.6) | 288 (37.7) | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | .937 | |||||
| College (>11 y) | 165 (14.9) | 12.9–17.2 | 54 (15.8) | 111 (14.5) | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | .842 | |||||
| Racec | White | 568 (51.4) | 48.4–54.3 | 173 (50.7) | 395 (51.7) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | .815 | ||||
| Marital statusc | Steady partner | 662 (59.9) | 57.0–62.9 | 191 (56.2) | 471 (61.7) | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | .080 | ||||
| Working statusc | Student | 29 (2.6) | 1.8–3.7 | 13 (3.8) | 16 (2.1) | – | |||||
| Not student | 1076 (97.4) | 96.2–98.2 | 328 (96.2) | 748 (97.9) | 1.873 (0.890–3.942) | .098 | |||||
| Familial incomec | Brazilian reference salary/mod | ||||||||||
| Up to 1 reference wage/mod | 281 (25.4) | 22.9–28 | 74 (21.8) | 207 (27.0) | – | ||||||
| >1 wage/mo | 823 (74.6) | 71.9–77.0 | 266 (78.2) | 557 (73.0) | 0.751 (0.554–1.018) | .066 | |||||
| Religionc | Yes | 1043 (94.4) | 92.9–95.6 | 323 (94.7) | 720 (94.2) | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) | .751 | ||||
| Clinical factors | |||||||||||
| CKD etiologyc | Chronic glomerulonephritis | 316 (28.6) | 25.9–31.3 | 97 (28.4) | 219 (28.7) | Reference | |||||
| Undetermined | 315 (28.5) | 25.9–31.2 | 101 (29.6) | 214 (28) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | .695 | |||||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 222 (20.1) | 17.8–25.5 | 74 (21.7) | 148 (19.4) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | .497 | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 96 (8.7) | 7.1–10.5 | 25 (7.3) | 71 (9.3) | 1.23 (0.74–2.07) | .415 | |||||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 65 (5.9) | 5.6–7.4 | 19 (5.6) | 46 (6) | 1.06 (0.59–1.91) | .831 | |||||
| Other | 91 (8.2) | 6.8–10.1 | 25 (7.3) | 66 (8.6) | 1.17 (0.69–1.97) | .555 | |||||
| Time on pre-KT treatmentc | Months | 1104 | 40.4 (40.4) | 38.0–42.7 | 341 | 39.1 (38.2) | 763 | 40.9 (41.4) | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | .501 | |
| Pre-KT treatment modalityc | Hemodialysis | 1028 (93.0) | 91.4–94.4 | 320 (93.8) | 708 (92.7) | Reference | |||||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 40 (3.7) | 2.7–4.9 | 11 (3.2) | 29 (3.8) | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | .609 | |||||
| Preemptive | 37 (3.3) | 0.7–2.1 | 10 (2.9) | 27 (3.5) | 1.22 (0.58–2.55) | .597 | |||||
| Comorbiditiesc | Hypertension | 798 (72.2) | 69.5–74.8 | 234 (68.6) | 564 (73.8) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | .082 | ||||
| Heart failure | 18 (1.6) | 1.2–2.6 | 3 (0.9) | 15 (2.0) | 2.2 (0.64–7.58) | .212 | |||||
| Coronary disease | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 10 (2.9) | 21 (2.7) | 0.93 (0.43–2.0) | .855 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 233 (21.1) | 18.7–23.6 | 65 (19.0) | 168 (22.0) | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | .291 | |||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 32 (2.9) | 2.0–4.1 | 4 (1.2) | 28 (3.7) | 3.16 (1.10–9.06) | .032 | |||||
| Creatinine | mg/dL | 1104 | 1.6 (0.84) | 1.55–1.65 | 340 | 1.54 (0.04) | 764 | 1.62 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | .129 | |
| Estimated GFR | CKD-EPI formula, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1105 | 58.0 (0.75) | 56.5–59.5 | 341 | 59.33 (1.32) | 764 | 57.40 (0.91) | 1.00 (0.99–1.0) | .236 | |
| CKD categoriesc | (GFR > 90) | 122 (11) | 9.3–13.0 | 44 (12.9) | 78 (10.2) | Reference | |||||
| (GFR 90–60) | 373 (33.8) | 31.0–36.6 | 113 (33.1) | 260 (34.0) | 1.29 (0.84–1.99) | .239 | |||||
| (GFR 59–45) | 257 (23.3) | 20.8–25.8 | 86 (25.2) | 171 (22.4) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | .629 | |||||
| (GFR 44–30) | 207 (18.7) | 16.5–21.1 | 60 (17.6) | 147 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.86–2.23) | .185 | |||||
| (GFR 29–15) | 123 (11.1) | 9.4–13.1 | 33 (9.7) | 90 (11.8) | 1.55 (0.90–2.68) | .116 | |||||
| (GFR < 15) | 23 (2) | 1.4–3.1 | 5 (1.5) | 18 (2.4) | 2.02 (0.70–5.82) | .191 | |||||
| Acute rejectionc | Yes | 250 (22.8) | 20.4–25.4 | 71 (21) | 179 (23.6) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | .327 | ||||
| No. of hospitalizations after KTc | Up to 3 | 901 (81.5) | 79.1–83.7 | 291 (85.3) | 610 (79.8) | Reference | .029 | ||||
| >3 | 204 (18.5) | 16.3–20.9 | 50 (14.7) | 154 (20.2) | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | ||||||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||||||||
| Time since transplantationc | Years | 1105 | 6.2 (4.8) | 5.9–6.5 | 341 | 6.0 (4.6) | 764 | 6.3 (4.9) | 1.0 (0.98–1.04) | .434 | |
| Time since transplantation, categoriesc | Up to 5 y | 566 (51.2) | 48.2–54.1 | 176 (51.6) | 390 (51.0) | Reference | .776 | ||||
| >5 y | 539 (48.8) | 45.8–51.3 | 165 (48.4) | 374 (48.9) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | ||||||
| Type of donorc | Living | 384 (34.7) | 31.9–37.5 | 120 (35.2) | 264 (34.5) | Reference | .862 | ||||
| Deceased | 721 (65.2) | 62.4–68 | 221 (64.8) | 500 (65.4) | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | ||||||
| Immunosuppressive agentsc | Prednisone | 1048 (94.8) | 93.4–96.0 | 326 (95.6) | 722 (94.5) | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | .449 | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 849 (76.8) | 74.2–79.2 | 264 (77.4) | 585 (76.6) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | .736 | |||||
| Sodium mycophenolate | 699 (63.3) | 60.4–66.0 | 222 (65.1) | 477 (62.4) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | .382 | |||||
| Azathioprine | 153 (13.8) | 11.9–16.0 | 43 (12.6) | 110 (14.4) | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | .365 | |||||
| Cyclosporine | 142 (12.8) | 11.0–14.9 | 38 (11.1) | 104 (13.6) | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) | .243 | |||||
| Everolimus | 138 (12.5) | 10.7–14.5 | 52 (15.2) | 86 (11.3) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | .063 | |||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 83 (7.5) | 6.0–9.2 | 24 (7.0) | 59 (7.7) | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | .701 | |||||
| Sirolimus | 72 (6.5) | 5.2–8.1 | 22 (6.4) | 50 (6.5) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | .958 | |||||
| Behavior factors | |||||||||||
| BMI categoriese | <25 kg/m2 | 527 (48.2) | 45.2–51.1 | 171 (50.4) | 356 (47.2) | Reference | |||||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 362 (33.1) | 30.4–35.9 | 124 (36.6) | 238 (31.5) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | .574 | |||||
| >30 kg/m2 | 205 (18.7) | 16.6–21.2 | 44 (13.0) | 161 (21.3) | 1.75 (1.20–2.56) | .004 | |||||
| Smokingc | Currently smoking | 43 (3.9) | 2.9–5.2 | 7 (2.1) | 36 (4.7) | 2.37 (1.04–5.40) | .039 | ||||
| Meso level (transplant center: characteristics and practice patterns in view of chronic illness management) | Structural characteristics | ||||||||||
| Transplant center activity (no. of transplants/y in last 5 y)e | Low (<50) | 422 (38.2) | 35.4–41.1 | 123 (36.1) | 299 (39.1) | Reference | |||||
| Moderate (50–150) | 398 (36) | 33.2–38.9 | 130 (38.1) | 268 (35.1) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | .272 | |||||
| High (>150) | 285 (25.8) | 23.2–28.4 | 88 (25.8) | 197 (25.8) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | .694 | |||||
| No. of beds in transplant center hospitale | Small/medium hospital: up to 150 beds | 86 (7.8) | 6.3–9.5 | 29 (8.5) | 57 (7.5) | Reference | |||||
| Large hospital: 150–500 beds | 592 (53.6) | 50.6–56.5 | 193 (56.6) | 399 (52.2) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | .859 | |||||
| Large specialized hospital: >500 beds | 427 (38.6) | 35.8–41.5 | 119 (34.9) | 308 (40.3) | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | .293 | |||||
| Not satisfied with waiting room structurec | Yes | 472 (42.8) | 39.9–45.7 | 138 (40.6) | 334 (43.8) | 1.14 (0.87–1.48) | .333 | ||||
| Not satisfied with no. of health care professionalsc | Yes | 493 (44.8) | 41.9–47.7 | 148 (43.7) | 345 (45.3) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | .611 | ||||
| Difficulty accessing center by public transportationc | Yes | 152 (13.8) | 18.8–15.9 | 43 (12.6) | 109 (14.3) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | .459 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with undergraduate medical studentse | Yes | 878 (79.5) | 77.0–81.7 | 257 (75.4) | 621 (81.3) | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | .028 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with medical residencye | Yes | 951 (86.1) | 83.9–88.0 | 296 (86.8) | 655 (85.7) | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | .649 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with nursing residencye | Yes | 227 (20.5) | 18.2–23.0 | 73 (21.4) | 154 (20.2) | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) | .673 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with multiprofessional residencye | Yes | 454 (41.1) | 38.2–44.0 | 148 (43.4) | 306 (40.0) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | .328 | ||||
| Team composition | |||||||||||
| Health care professionals dedicated to exercise on transplant teame | Exercise physiologist | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 13 (3.8) | 18 (2.4) | 0.61 (0.28–1.29) | .195 | ||||
| Physical therapist | 478 (43.3) | 40.3–46.2 | 152 (44.6) | 326 (42.7) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | .587 | |||||
| Block . | Variable . | Value/Scoring . | Total Sampleb . | Physically Active Status . | Physically Inactive Status . | Bivariate Analysis . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | 95% CI . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | No. (%) of Patients . | Mean (SD) . | Odds Ratio (95% CI) . | P . | |||
| Patient level (variables derived from empirical evidence) | Sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||
| Agec | Years | 1105 | 47.6 (12.6) | 46.8–48.3 | 341 | 47.4 (12.7) | 764 | 47.6 (12.6) | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | .797 | |
| Sexc | Male | 647 (58.6) | 55.6–61.4 | 206 (60.4) | 441 (57.7) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) | .410 | ||||
| Education levelc | Illiterate (0–4 y) | 86 (7.8) | 6.6–10.9 | 27 (8) | 59 (7.7) | Reference | |||||
| Elementary school (4–8 y) | 431 (39.0) | 36.2–41.9 | 125 (36.7) | 306 (40) | 1.12 (0.68–1.86) | .647 | |||||
| High school (>8–11 y) | 423 (38.3) | 35.4–41.2 | 135 (39.6) | 288 (37.7) | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | .937 | |||||
| College (>11 y) | 165 (14.9) | 12.9–17.2 | 54 (15.8) | 111 (14.5) | 0.94 (0.54–1.65) | .842 | |||||
| Racec | White | 568 (51.4) | 48.4–54.3 | 173 (50.7) | 395 (51.7) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | .815 | ||||
| Marital statusc | Steady partner | 662 (59.9) | 57.0–62.9 | 191 (56.2) | 471 (61.7) | 1.26 (0.97–1.63) | .080 | ||||
| Working statusc | Student | 29 (2.6) | 1.8–3.7 | 13 (3.8) | 16 (2.1) | – | |||||
| Not student | 1076 (97.4) | 96.2–98.2 | 328 (96.2) | 748 (97.9) | 1.873 (0.890–3.942) | .098 | |||||
| Familial incomec | Brazilian reference salary/mod | ||||||||||
| Up to 1 reference wage/mod | 281 (25.4) | 22.9–28 | 74 (21.8) | 207 (27.0) | – | ||||||
| >1 wage/mo | 823 (74.6) | 71.9–77.0 | 266 (78.2) | 557 (73.0) | 0.751 (0.554–1.018) | .066 | |||||
| Religionc | Yes | 1043 (94.4) | 92.9–95.6 | 323 (94.7) | 720 (94.2) | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) | .751 | ||||
| Clinical factors | |||||||||||
| CKD etiologyc | Chronic glomerulonephritis | 316 (28.6) | 25.9–31.3 | 97 (28.4) | 219 (28.7) | Reference | |||||
| Undetermined | 315 (28.5) | 25.9–31.2 | 101 (29.6) | 214 (28) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | .695 | |||||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 222 (20.1) | 17.8–25.5 | 74 (21.7) | 148 (19.4) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | .497 | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 96 (8.7) | 7.1–10.5 | 25 (7.3) | 71 (9.3) | 1.23 (0.74–2.07) | .415 | |||||
| Polycystic kidney disease | 65 (5.9) | 5.6–7.4 | 19 (5.6) | 46 (6) | 1.06 (0.59–1.91) | .831 | |||||
| Other | 91 (8.2) | 6.8–10.1 | 25 (7.3) | 66 (8.6) | 1.17 (0.69–1.97) | .555 | |||||
| Time on pre-KT treatmentc | Months | 1104 | 40.4 (40.4) | 38.0–42.7 | 341 | 39.1 (38.2) | 763 | 40.9 (41.4) | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | .501 | |
| Pre-KT treatment modalityc | Hemodialysis | 1028 (93.0) | 91.4–94.4 | 320 (93.8) | 708 (92.7) | Reference | |||||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 40 (3.7) | 2.7–4.9 | 11 (3.2) | 29 (3.8) | 1.20 (0.59–2.44) | .609 | |||||
| Preemptive | 37 (3.3) | 0.7–2.1 | 10 (2.9) | 27 (3.5) | 1.22 (0.58–2.55) | .597 | |||||
| Comorbiditiesc | Hypertension | 798 (72.2) | 69.5–74.8 | 234 (68.6) | 564 (73.8) | 1.28 (0.97–1.70) | .082 | ||||
| Heart failure | 18 (1.6) | 1.2–2.6 | 3 (0.9) | 15 (2.0) | 2.2 (0.64–7.58) | .212 | |||||
| Coronary disease | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 10 (2.9) | 21 (2.7) | 0.93 (0.43–2.0) | .855 | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 233 (21.1) | 18.7–23.6 | 65 (19.0) | 168 (22.0) | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | .291 | |||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 32 (2.9) | 2.0–4.1 | 4 (1.2) | 28 (3.7) | 3.16 (1.10–9.06) | .032 | |||||
| Creatinine | mg/dL | 1104 | 1.6 (0.84) | 1.55–1.65 | 340 | 1.54 (0.04) | 764 | 1.62 (0.03) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | .129 | |
| Estimated GFR | CKD-EPI formula, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1105 | 58.0 (0.75) | 56.5–59.5 | 341 | 59.33 (1.32) | 764 | 57.40 (0.91) | 1.00 (0.99–1.0) | .236 | |
| CKD categoriesc | (GFR > 90) | 122 (11) | 9.3–13.0 | 44 (12.9) | 78 (10.2) | Reference | |||||
| (GFR 90–60) | 373 (33.8) | 31.0–36.6 | 113 (33.1) | 260 (34.0) | 1.29 (0.84–1.99) | .239 | |||||
| (GFR 59–45) | 257 (23.3) | 20.8–25.8 | 86 (25.2) | 171 (22.4) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) | .629 | |||||
| (GFR 44–30) | 207 (18.7) | 16.5–21.1 | 60 (17.6) | 147 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.86–2.23) | .185 | |||||
| (GFR 29–15) | 123 (11.1) | 9.4–13.1 | 33 (9.7) | 90 (11.8) | 1.55 (0.90–2.68) | .116 | |||||
| (GFR < 15) | 23 (2) | 1.4–3.1 | 5 (1.5) | 18 (2.4) | 2.02 (0.70–5.82) | .191 | |||||
| Acute rejectionc | Yes | 250 (22.8) | 20.4–25.4 | 71 (21) | 179 (23.6) | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | .327 | ||||
| No. of hospitalizations after KTc | Up to 3 | 901 (81.5) | 79.1–83.7 | 291 (85.3) | 610 (79.8) | Reference | .029 | ||||
| >3 | 204 (18.5) | 16.3–20.9 | 50 (14.7) | 154 (20.2) | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | ||||||
| Treatment-related factors | |||||||||||
| Time since transplantationc | Years | 1105 | 6.2 (4.8) | 5.9–6.5 | 341 | 6.0 (4.6) | 764 | 6.3 (4.9) | 1.0 (0.98–1.04) | .434 | |
| Time since transplantation, categoriesc | Up to 5 y | 566 (51.2) | 48.2–54.1 | 176 (51.6) | 390 (51.0) | Reference | .776 | ||||
| >5 y | 539 (48.8) | 45.8–51.3 | 165 (48.4) | 374 (48.9) | 1.04 (0.80–1.34) | ||||||
| Type of donorc | Living | 384 (34.7) | 31.9–37.5 | 120 (35.2) | 264 (34.5) | Reference | .862 | ||||
| Deceased | 721 (65.2) | 62.4–68 | 221 (64.8) | 500 (65.4) | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | ||||||
| Immunosuppressive agentsc | Prednisone | 1048 (94.8) | 93.4–96.0 | 326 (95.6) | 722 (94.5) | 0.79 (0.42–1.46) | .449 | ||||
| Tacrolimus | 849 (76.8) | 74.2–79.2 | 264 (77.4) | 585 (76.6) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | .736 | |||||
| Sodium mycophenolate | 699 (63.3) | 60.4–66.0 | 222 (65.1) | 477 (62.4) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | .382 | |||||
| Azathioprine | 153 (13.8) | 11.9–16.0 | 43 (12.6) | 110 (14.4) | 1.20 (0.81–1.77) | .365 | |||||
| Cyclosporine | 142 (12.8) | 11.0–14.9 | 38 (11.1) | 104 (13.6) | 1.27 (0.85–1.88) | .243 | |||||
| Everolimus | 138 (12.5) | 10.7–14.5 | 52 (15.2) | 86 (11.3) | 0.70 (0.48–1.02) | .063 | |||||
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 83 (7.5) | 6.0–9.2 | 24 (7.0) | 59 (7.7) | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | .701 | |||||
| Sirolimus | 72 (6.5) | 5.2–8.1 | 22 (6.4) | 50 (6.5) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | .958 | |||||
| Behavior factors | |||||||||||
| BMI categoriese | <25 kg/m2 | 527 (48.2) | 45.2–51.1 | 171 (50.4) | 356 (47.2) | Reference | |||||
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 362 (33.1) | 30.4–35.9 | 124 (36.6) | 238 (31.5) | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | .574 | |||||
| >30 kg/m2 | 205 (18.7) | 16.6–21.2 | 44 (13.0) | 161 (21.3) | 1.75 (1.20–2.56) | .004 | |||||
| Smokingc | Currently smoking | 43 (3.9) | 2.9–5.2 | 7 (2.1) | 36 (4.7) | 2.37 (1.04–5.40) | .039 | ||||
| Meso level (transplant center: characteristics and practice patterns in view of chronic illness management) | Structural characteristics | ||||||||||
| Transplant center activity (no. of transplants/y in last 5 y)e | Low (<50) | 422 (38.2) | 35.4–41.1 | 123 (36.1) | 299 (39.1) | Reference | |||||
| Moderate (50–150) | 398 (36) | 33.2–38.9 | 130 (38.1) | 268 (35.1) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | .272 | |||||
| High (>150) | 285 (25.8) | 23.2–28.4 | 88 (25.8) | 197 (25.8) | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | .694 | |||||
| No. of beds in transplant center hospitale | Small/medium hospital: up to 150 beds | 86 (7.8) | 6.3–9.5 | 29 (8.5) | 57 (7.5) | Reference | |||||
| Large hospital: 150–500 beds | 592 (53.6) | 50.6–56.5 | 193 (56.6) | 399 (52.2) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | .859 | |||||
| Large specialized hospital: >500 beds | 427 (38.6) | 35.8–41.5 | 119 (34.9) | 308 (40.3) | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | .293 | |||||
| Not satisfied with waiting room structurec | Yes | 472 (42.8) | 39.9–45.7 | 138 (40.6) | 334 (43.8) | 1.14 (0.87–1.48) | .333 | ||||
| Not satisfied with no. of health care professionalsc | Yes | 493 (44.8) | 41.9–47.7 | 148 (43.7) | 345 (45.3) | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | .611 | ||||
| Difficulty accessing center by public transportationc | Yes | 152 (13.8) | 18.8–15.9 | 43 (12.6) | 109 (14.3) | 1.16 (0.79–1.70) | .459 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with undergraduate medical studentse | Yes | 878 (79.5) | 77.0–81.7 | 257 (75.4) | 621 (81.3) | 1.44 (1.04–1.98) | .028 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with medical residencye | Yes | 951 (86.1) | 83.9–88.0 | 296 (86.8) | 655 (85.7) | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | .649 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with nursing residencye | Yes | 227 (20.5) | 18.2–23.0 | 73 (21.4) | 154 (20.2) | 0.92 (0.64–1.33) | .673 | ||||
| Teaching hospital with multiprofessional residencye | Yes | 454 (41.1) | 38.2–44.0 | 148 (43.4) | 306 (40.0) | 0.87 (0.65–1.15) | .328 | ||||
| Team composition | |||||||||||
| Health care professionals dedicated to exercise on transplant teame | Exercise physiologist | 31 (2.8) | 2.0–4.0 | 13 (3.8) | 18 (2.4) | 0.61 (0.28–1.29) | .195 | ||||
| Physical therapist | 478 (43.3) | 40.3–46.2 | 152 (44.6) | 326 (42.7) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | .587 | |||||
Variables shown in bold type met the association threshold for entering the multiple model (OR of ≤0.75 or ≥1.25 and a P value of ≤ .20). BMI = body mass index; CKD = chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI = Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; KT = kidney transplantation.
The maximum number of patients was 1105; the maximum number of centers was 20. After division into categories, the maximum numbers of patients with physically active status and physically inactive status were 764 and 341, respectively. Data for mesolevel variables, collected according to the center’s perspective, were attributed to patients, according to the multistage sampling profile. Some variables had few observations, depending on data availability.
Variable scored on the basis of the patient’s perspective (patient self-report).
Brazilian reference salary: US $248.28 per month.
Variable scored on the basis of the center’s perspective (transplant center representative).
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
