| Variable . | Spanish Flu . | COVID-19 . |
|---|---|---|
| Years | 1918–1920 | 2020–2022 |
| Etiology | H1N1 influenza A virus | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Virus type | Orthomyxoviridae | Coronavirus variants |
| Source | Haskell County, Kansas | Wuhan China |
| Mortality | ||
| Deaths, no. | 32 172 | 49 988 |
| Population | 6 600 000 | 17 500 000 |
| Crude rate | 486/100 000 | 287/100 000 |
| Exposure period | 30 mo | 35 mo |
| Yearly average | 194/100 000 | 98/100 000 |
| Highest-risk group | Persons aged 25–50 y | Persons aged ≥65 y with comorbid conditions |
| Pathophysiology | ||
| Lung tissue | Sialic acid receptor | ACE-2 receptor |
| Mechanisms causing death | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system; organ failure |
| Health Care | ||
| Social prevention | Isolation, face masks, closures | Face masks, closures, lockdowns |
| Vaccination | Not available | Since January 2021 |
| Therapy | Not available | ICU care, corticosteroids, ventilation, anticoagulants |
| Variable . | Spanish Flu . | COVID-19 . |
|---|---|---|
| Years | 1918–1920 | 2020–2022 |
| Etiology | H1N1 influenza A virus | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Virus type | Orthomyxoviridae | Coronavirus variants |
| Source | Haskell County, Kansas | Wuhan China |
| Mortality | ||
| Deaths, no. | 32 172 | 49 988 |
| Population | 6 600 000 | 17 500 000 |
| Crude rate | 486/100 000 | 287/100 000 |
| Exposure period | 30 mo | 35 mo |
| Yearly average | 194/100 000 | 98/100 000 |
| Highest-risk group | Persons aged 25–50 y | Persons aged ≥65 y with comorbid conditions |
| Pathophysiology | ||
| Lung tissue | Sialic acid receptor | ACE-2 receptor |
| Mechanisms causing death | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system; organ failure |
| Health Care | ||
| Social prevention | Isolation, face masks, closures | Face masks, closures, lockdowns |
| Vaccination | Not available | Since January 2021 |
| Therapy | Not available | ICU care, corticosteroids, ventilation, anticoagulants |
Abbreviations: ACE-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
| Variable . | Spanish Flu . | COVID-19 . |
|---|---|---|
| Years | 1918–1920 | 2020–2022 |
| Etiology | H1N1 influenza A virus | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Virus type | Orthomyxoviridae | Coronavirus variants |
| Source | Haskell County, Kansas | Wuhan China |
| Mortality | ||
| Deaths, no. | 32 172 | 49 988 |
| Population | 6 600 000 | 17 500 000 |
| Crude rate | 486/100 000 | 287/100 000 |
| Exposure period | 30 mo | 35 mo |
| Yearly average | 194/100 000 | 98/100 000 |
| Highest-risk group | Persons aged 25–50 y | Persons aged ≥65 y with comorbid conditions |
| Pathophysiology | ||
| Lung tissue | Sialic acid receptor | ACE-2 receptor |
| Mechanisms causing death | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system; organ failure |
| Health Care | ||
| Social prevention | Isolation, face masks, closures | Face masks, closures, lockdowns |
| Vaccination | Not available | Since January 2021 |
| Therapy | Not available | ICU care, corticosteroids, ventilation, anticoagulants |
| Variable . | Spanish Flu . | COVID-19 . |
|---|---|---|
| Years | 1918–1920 | 2020–2022 |
| Etiology | H1N1 influenza A virus | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Virus type | Orthomyxoviridae | Coronavirus variants |
| Source | Haskell County, Kansas | Wuhan China |
| Mortality | ||
| Deaths, no. | 32 172 | 49 988 |
| Population | 6 600 000 | 17 500 000 |
| Crude rate | 486/100 000 | 287/100 000 |
| Exposure period | 30 mo | 35 mo |
| Yearly average | 194/100 000 | 98/100 000 |
| Highest-risk group | Persons aged 25–50 y | Persons aged ≥65 y with comorbid conditions |
| Pathophysiology | ||
| Lung tissue | Sialic acid receptor | ACE-2 receptor |
| Mechanisms causing death | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system | ARDS, secondary bacterial infections; overactive immune system; organ failure |
| Health Care | ||
| Social prevention | Isolation, face masks, closures | Face masks, closures, lockdowns |
| Vaccination | Not available | Since January 2021 |
| Therapy | Not available | ICU care, corticosteroids, ventilation, anticoagulants |
Abbreviations: ACE-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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