Table 1

Baseline characteristics and patient management

Overallelectronic Frailty Index Category
FitMildModerateSevereP-value
N467018651699798308
Patient demographics
 Age (years)77 [71–84]72 [68–78]79 [72–85]81 [75–86]82 [78–88]<.001
 Female2014 (43%)645 (35%)784 (46%)406 (51%)179 (58%)<.001
 White3865 (83%)1419 (76%)1449 (85%)707 (89%)290 (94%)<.001
 Deprivation (SIMD 1st quintile)648 (14%)204 (11%)235 (14%)148 (19%)61 (20%)<.001
 Chest pain as presenting symptom3680 (82%)1567 (87%)1326 (81%)568 (74%)219 (73%)<.001
Past medical history
 Ischaemic heart disease1989 (43%)418 (22%)805 (47%)522 (65%)244 (79%)<.001
 Myocardial infarction1061 (23%)213 (11%)434 (26%)287 (36%)127 (41%)<.001
 Heart failure772 (17%)68 (3.6%)274 (16%)288 (36%)142 (46%)<.001
 Cerebrovascular disease838 (18%)98 (5.3%)323 (19%)277 (35%)140 (45%)<.001
 Peripheral vascular disease558 (12%)73 (3.9%)227 (13%)173 (22%)85 (28%)<.001
 Diabetes mellitus1139 (24%)206 (11%)446 (26%)325 (41%)162 (53%)<.001
 Chronic kidney disease1249 (27%)286 (15%)494 (29%)331 (41%)138 (45%)<.001
 Hypertension2964 (63%)930 (50%)1029 (61%)497 (62%)187 (61%)<.001
 Dementia344 (7%)40 (2%)130 (7.7%)115 (14%)59 (19%)<.001
 Charlson comorbidity index >2743 (16%)65 (3%)254 (15%)282 (35%)142 (46%)<.001
Haematology and clinical chemistry
 Haemoglobin, g/L132 [118–145]139 [127–150]129 [116–143]124 [110–136]119 [106–131]<.001
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min70 [49–84]77 [65–89]68 [47–82]53 [36–72]48 [32–70]<.001
 Peak high sensitivity troponin I, ng/L (log)
  NSTEMI7.02 [5.24–8.63]7.10 [5.27–8.66]7.06 [5.32–8.67]6.92 [5.23–8.61]6.35 [4.66–8.18].02
  STEMI9.86 [8.22–10.82]9.96 [8.35–10.82]9.85 [8.18–10.82]9.45 [7.94–10.82]9.71 [7.98–10.82].08
Clinical diagnosis
 NSTEMI3262 (70%)1075 (58%)1264 (74%)656 (82%)267 (87%)<.001
 STEMI1408 (30%)790 (42%)435 (26%)142 (18%)41 (13%)
Primary treating speciality
 Cardiology3146 (67%)1586 (85%)1097 (65%)364 (46%)99 (32%)<.001
Medical therapy*
 Aspirin2587 (65%)1292 (76%)837 (59%)340 (54%)118 (52%)<.001
 P2Y12 inhibitor3020 (75%)1411 (83%)1044 (73%)420 (66%)145 (63%)<.001
 Dual antiplatelet therapy†2318 (58%)1208 (71%)736 (52%)281 (44%)93 (41%)<.001
 Anticoagulation‡340 (9%)90 (5.3%)136 (9.5%)83 (13%)31 (14%)<.001
 ACE inhibitor or ARB2067 (52%)1061 (63%)695 (49%)248 (39%)63 (28%)<.001
 Beta-blocker2065 (52%)1013 (60%)677 (47%)294 (47%)81 (35%)<.001
 Lipid lowering therapy2544 (64%)1305 (77%)837 (59%)303 (48%)99 (43%)<.001
Revascularisation
 Coronary angiography2654 (57%)1452 (78%)881 (52%)265 (33%)56 (18%)<.001
 Percutaneous coronary intervention1993 (43%)1138 (61%)622 (37%)195 (24%)38 (12%)<.001
 Coronary artery bypass grafting151 (3%)86 (5%)46 (3%)15 (2%)<5<.001
Overallelectronic Frailty Index Category
FitMildModerateSevereP-value
N467018651699798308
Patient demographics
 Age (years)77 [71–84]72 [68–78]79 [72–85]81 [75–86]82 [78–88]<.001
 Female2014 (43%)645 (35%)784 (46%)406 (51%)179 (58%)<.001
 White3865 (83%)1419 (76%)1449 (85%)707 (89%)290 (94%)<.001
 Deprivation (SIMD 1st quintile)648 (14%)204 (11%)235 (14%)148 (19%)61 (20%)<.001
 Chest pain as presenting symptom3680 (82%)1567 (87%)1326 (81%)568 (74%)219 (73%)<.001
Past medical history
 Ischaemic heart disease1989 (43%)418 (22%)805 (47%)522 (65%)244 (79%)<.001
 Myocardial infarction1061 (23%)213 (11%)434 (26%)287 (36%)127 (41%)<.001
 Heart failure772 (17%)68 (3.6%)274 (16%)288 (36%)142 (46%)<.001
 Cerebrovascular disease838 (18%)98 (5.3%)323 (19%)277 (35%)140 (45%)<.001
 Peripheral vascular disease558 (12%)73 (3.9%)227 (13%)173 (22%)85 (28%)<.001
 Diabetes mellitus1139 (24%)206 (11%)446 (26%)325 (41%)162 (53%)<.001
 Chronic kidney disease1249 (27%)286 (15%)494 (29%)331 (41%)138 (45%)<.001
 Hypertension2964 (63%)930 (50%)1029 (61%)497 (62%)187 (61%)<.001
 Dementia344 (7%)40 (2%)130 (7.7%)115 (14%)59 (19%)<.001
 Charlson comorbidity index >2743 (16%)65 (3%)254 (15%)282 (35%)142 (46%)<.001
Haematology and clinical chemistry
 Haemoglobin, g/L132 [118–145]139 [127–150]129 [116–143]124 [110–136]119 [106–131]<.001
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min70 [49–84]77 [65–89]68 [47–82]53 [36–72]48 [32–70]<.001
 Peak high sensitivity troponin I, ng/L (log)
  NSTEMI7.02 [5.24–8.63]7.10 [5.27–8.66]7.06 [5.32–8.67]6.92 [5.23–8.61]6.35 [4.66–8.18].02
  STEMI9.86 [8.22–10.82]9.96 [8.35–10.82]9.85 [8.18–10.82]9.45 [7.94–10.82]9.71 [7.98–10.82].08
Clinical diagnosis
 NSTEMI3262 (70%)1075 (58%)1264 (74%)656 (82%)267 (87%)<.001
 STEMI1408 (30%)790 (42%)435 (26%)142 (18%)41 (13%)
Primary treating speciality
 Cardiology3146 (67%)1586 (85%)1097 (65%)364 (46%)99 (32%)<.001
Medical therapy*
 Aspirin2587 (65%)1292 (76%)837 (59%)340 (54%)118 (52%)<.001
 P2Y12 inhibitor3020 (75%)1411 (83%)1044 (73%)420 (66%)145 (63%)<.001
 Dual antiplatelet therapy†2318 (58%)1208 (71%)736 (52%)281 (44%)93 (41%)<.001
 Anticoagulation‡340 (9%)90 (5.3%)136 (9.5%)83 (13%)31 (14%)<.001
 ACE inhibitor or ARB2067 (52%)1061 (63%)695 (49%)248 (39%)63 (28%)<.001
 Beta-blocker2065 (52%)1013 (60%)677 (47%)294 (47%)81 (35%)<.001
 Lipid lowering therapy2544 (64%)1305 (77%)837 (59%)303 (48%)99 (43%)<.001
Revascularisation
 Coronary angiography2654 (57%)1452 (78%)881 (52%)265 (33%)56 (18%)<.001
 Percutaneous coronary intervention1993 (43%)1138 (61%)622 (37%)195 (24%)38 (12%)<.001
 Coronary artery bypass grafting151 (3%)86 (5%)46 (3%)15 (2%)<5<.001

Presented as number (%), mean (±SD) or median [25th percentile, 75th percentile].

Abbreviations: SIMD = Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, CCI = Charlson comorbidity index, ACE = Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; NSTEMI = non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Value missing in 1469 patients.

*Restricted to those alive at 30-days post-discharge (overall = 4074; fit = 1707; mild = 1465; moderate = 660; severe = 242).

Two medications from aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor.

Includes warfarin or novel anticoagulants.

Table 1

Baseline characteristics and patient management

Overallelectronic Frailty Index Category
FitMildModerateSevereP-value
N467018651699798308
Patient demographics
 Age (years)77 [71–84]72 [68–78]79 [72–85]81 [75–86]82 [78–88]<.001
 Female2014 (43%)645 (35%)784 (46%)406 (51%)179 (58%)<.001
 White3865 (83%)1419 (76%)1449 (85%)707 (89%)290 (94%)<.001
 Deprivation (SIMD 1st quintile)648 (14%)204 (11%)235 (14%)148 (19%)61 (20%)<.001
 Chest pain as presenting symptom3680 (82%)1567 (87%)1326 (81%)568 (74%)219 (73%)<.001
Past medical history
 Ischaemic heart disease1989 (43%)418 (22%)805 (47%)522 (65%)244 (79%)<.001
 Myocardial infarction1061 (23%)213 (11%)434 (26%)287 (36%)127 (41%)<.001
 Heart failure772 (17%)68 (3.6%)274 (16%)288 (36%)142 (46%)<.001
 Cerebrovascular disease838 (18%)98 (5.3%)323 (19%)277 (35%)140 (45%)<.001
 Peripheral vascular disease558 (12%)73 (3.9%)227 (13%)173 (22%)85 (28%)<.001
 Diabetes mellitus1139 (24%)206 (11%)446 (26%)325 (41%)162 (53%)<.001
 Chronic kidney disease1249 (27%)286 (15%)494 (29%)331 (41%)138 (45%)<.001
 Hypertension2964 (63%)930 (50%)1029 (61%)497 (62%)187 (61%)<.001
 Dementia344 (7%)40 (2%)130 (7.7%)115 (14%)59 (19%)<.001
 Charlson comorbidity index >2743 (16%)65 (3%)254 (15%)282 (35%)142 (46%)<.001
Haematology and clinical chemistry
 Haemoglobin, g/L132 [118–145]139 [127–150]129 [116–143]124 [110–136]119 [106–131]<.001
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min70 [49–84]77 [65–89]68 [47–82]53 [36–72]48 [32–70]<.001
 Peak high sensitivity troponin I, ng/L (log)
  NSTEMI7.02 [5.24–8.63]7.10 [5.27–8.66]7.06 [5.32–8.67]6.92 [5.23–8.61]6.35 [4.66–8.18].02
  STEMI9.86 [8.22–10.82]9.96 [8.35–10.82]9.85 [8.18–10.82]9.45 [7.94–10.82]9.71 [7.98–10.82].08
Clinical diagnosis
 NSTEMI3262 (70%)1075 (58%)1264 (74%)656 (82%)267 (87%)<.001
 STEMI1408 (30%)790 (42%)435 (26%)142 (18%)41 (13%)
Primary treating speciality
 Cardiology3146 (67%)1586 (85%)1097 (65%)364 (46%)99 (32%)<.001
Medical therapy*
 Aspirin2587 (65%)1292 (76%)837 (59%)340 (54%)118 (52%)<.001
 P2Y12 inhibitor3020 (75%)1411 (83%)1044 (73%)420 (66%)145 (63%)<.001
 Dual antiplatelet therapy†2318 (58%)1208 (71%)736 (52%)281 (44%)93 (41%)<.001
 Anticoagulation‡340 (9%)90 (5.3%)136 (9.5%)83 (13%)31 (14%)<.001
 ACE inhibitor or ARB2067 (52%)1061 (63%)695 (49%)248 (39%)63 (28%)<.001
 Beta-blocker2065 (52%)1013 (60%)677 (47%)294 (47%)81 (35%)<.001
 Lipid lowering therapy2544 (64%)1305 (77%)837 (59%)303 (48%)99 (43%)<.001
Revascularisation
 Coronary angiography2654 (57%)1452 (78%)881 (52%)265 (33%)56 (18%)<.001
 Percutaneous coronary intervention1993 (43%)1138 (61%)622 (37%)195 (24%)38 (12%)<.001
 Coronary artery bypass grafting151 (3%)86 (5%)46 (3%)15 (2%)<5<.001
Overallelectronic Frailty Index Category
FitMildModerateSevereP-value
N467018651699798308
Patient demographics
 Age (years)77 [71–84]72 [68–78]79 [72–85]81 [75–86]82 [78–88]<.001
 Female2014 (43%)645 (35%)784 (46%)406 (51%)179 (58%)<.001
 White3865 (83%)1419 (76%)1449 (85%)707 (89%)290 (94%)<.001
 Deprivation (SIMD 1st quintile)648 (14%)204 (11%)235 (14%)148 (19%)61 (20%)<.001
 Chest pain as presenting symptom3680 (82%)1567 (87%)1326 (81%)568 (74%)219 (73%)<.001
Past medical history
 Ischaemic heart disease1989 (43%)418 (22%)805 (47%)522 (65%)244 (79%)<.001
 Myocardial infarction1061 (23%)213 (11%)434 (26%)287 (36%)127 (41%)<.001
 Heart failure772 (17%)68 (3.6%)274 (16%)288 (36%)142 (46%)<.001
 Cerebrovascular disease838 (18%)98 (5.3%)323 (19%)277 (35%)140 (45%)<.001
 Peripheral vascular disease558 (12%)73 (3.9%)227 (13%)173 (22%)85 (28%)<.001
 Diabetes mellitus1139 (24%)206 (11%)446 (26%)325 (41%)162 (53%)<.001
 Chronic kidney disease1249 (27%)286 (15%)494 (29%)331 (41%)138 (45%)<.001
 Hypertension2964 (63%)930 (50%)1029 (61%)497 (62%)187 (61%)<.001
 Dementia344 (7%)40 (2%)130 (7.7%)115 (14%)59 (19%)<.001
 Charlson comorbidity index >2743 (16%)65 (3%)254 (15%)282 (35%)142 (46%)<.001
Haematology and clinical chemistry
 Haemoglobin, g/L132 [118–145]139 [127–150]129 [116–143]124 [110–136]119 [106–131]<.001
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min70 [49–84]77 [65–89]68 [47–82]53 [36–72]48 [32–70]<.001
 Peak high sensitivity troponin I, ng/L (log)
  NSTEMI7.02 [5.24–8.63]7.10 [5.27–8.66]7.06 [5.32–8.67]6.92 [5.23–8.61]6.35 [4.66–8.18].02
  STEMI9.86 [8.22–10.82]9.96 [8.35–10.82]9.85 [8.18–10.82]9.45 [7.94–10.82]9.71 [7.98–10.82].08
Clinical diagnosis
 NSTEMI3262 (70%)1075 (58%)1264 (74%)656 (82%)267 (87%)<.001
 STEMI1408 (30%)790 (42%)435 (26%)142 (18%)41 (13%)
Primary treating speciality
 Cardiology3146 (67%)1586 (85%)1097 (65%)364 (46%)99 (32%)<.001
Medical therapy*
 Aspirin2587 (65%)1292 (76%)837 (59%)340 (54%)118 (52%)<.001
 P2Y12 inhibitor3020 (75%)1411 (83%)1044 (73%)420 (66%)145 (63%)<.001
 Dual antiplatelet therapy†2318 (58%)1208 (71%)736 (52%)281 (44%)93 (41%)<.001
 Anticoagulation‡340 (9%)90 (5.3%)136 (9.5%)83 (13%)31 (14%)<.001
 ACE inhibitor or ARB2067 (52%)1061 (63%)695 (49%)248 (39%)63 (28%)<.001
 Beta-blocker2065 (52%)1013 (60%)677 (47%)294 (47%)81 (35%)<.001
 Lipid lowering therapy2544 (64%)1305 (77%)837 (59%)303 (48%)99 (43%)<.001
Revascularisation
 Coronary angiography2654 (57%)1452 (78%)881 (52%)265 (33%)56 (18%)<.001
 Percutaneous coronary intervention1993 (43%)1138 (61%)622 (37%)195 (24%)38 (12%)<.001
 Coronary artery bypass grafting151 (3%)86 (5%)46 (3%)15 (2%)<5<.001

Presented as number (%), mean (±SD) or median [25th percentile, 75th percentile].

Abbreviations: SIMD = Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, CCI = Charlson comorbidity index, ACE = Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = Angiotensin receptor blocker; NSTEMI = non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Value missing in 1469 patients.

*Restricted to those alive at 30-days post-discharge (overall = 4074; fit = 1707; mild = 1465; moderate = 660; severe = 242).

Two medications from aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor.

Includes warfarin or novel anticoagulants.

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