| Models . | Methods . | Sympathetic activation . | Ref. . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonadectomy | Ovariectomy (OVX) or orchidectomy (ORX). | Yes | [48] |
| Aging | Natural aging or using senescence accelerated-prone mice. | ||
| Drug induction | Daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Disuse | Tail suspension or hindlimb immobilization for 2 weeks. | ||
| Psychological stress | Exposure to various stressors or daily ISO induction (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes | Daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) for 5 days. | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes | Induction of insulin resistance via high-fat diet or other means. | Yes | [85] |
| Radiation | Focal radiation as a single dose of 20 Gy. | Not investigated | [86] |
| Models . | Methods . | Sympathetic activation . | Ref. . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonadectomy | Ovariectomy (OVX) or orchidectomy (ORX). | Yes | [48] |
| Aging | Natural aging or using senescence accelerated-prone mice. | ||
| Drug induction | Daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Disuse | Tail suspension or hindlimb immobilization for 2 weeks. | ||
| Psychological stress | Exposure to various stressors or daily ISO induction (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes | Daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) for 5 days. | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes | Induction of insulin resistance via high-fat diet or other means. | Yes | [85] |
| Radiation | Focal radiation as a single dose of 20 Gy. | Not investigated | [86] |
| Models . | Methods . | Sympathetic activation . | Ref. . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonadectomy | Ovariectomy (OVX) or orchidectomy (ORX). | Yes | [48] |
| Aging | Natural aging or using senescence accelerated-prone mice. | ||
| Drug induction | Daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Disuse | Tail suspension or hindlimb immobilization for 2 weeks. | ||
| Psychological stress | Exposure to various stressors or daily ISO induction (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes | Daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) for 5 days. | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes | Induction of insulin resistance via high-fat diet or other means. | Yes | [85] |
| Radiation | Focal radiation as a single dose of 20 Gy. | Not investigated | [86] |
| Models . | Methods . | Sympathetic activation . | Ref. . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonadectomy | Ovariectomy (OVX) or orchidectomy (ORX). | Yes | [48] |
| Aging | Natural aging or using senescence accelerated-prone mice. | ||
| Drug induction | Daily intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Disuse | Tail suspension or hindlimb immobilization for 2 weeks. | ||
| Psychological stress | Exposure to various stressors or daily ISO induction (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes | Daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) for 5 days. | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes | Induction of insulin resistance via high-fat diet or other means. | Yes | [85] |
| Radiation | Focal radiation as a single dose of 20 Gy. | Not investigated | [86] |
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