Table 1: Open in new tab Characteristics...

		CKD G1	CKD G2	CKD G3/4
Age (years)	48 ± 12	34 ± 11	36 ± 8	.3	46 ± 10	46 ± 9	.6	55 ± 8	53 ± 9	.1
Sex: male, n (%)	238 (39)	17 (25)	16 (37)	.1	9 (11)	56 (57)	<.001	13 (14)	127 (59)	<.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26 ± 4	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	.5	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.9	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.2
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	577 (96)	65 (94)	40 (93)	1.0	82 (97)	92 (93)	.4	86 (92)	212 (99)	.01
Mutation, n (%)
PKD1	399 (67)	53 (79)	32 (74)		53 (64)	58 (60)		63 (68)	140 (65)
PKD2	143 (24)	9 (13)	9 (21)	.9	23 (28)	25 (26)	.3	19 (20)	58 (27)	.4
htTKV (L/m)	0.9 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4	.002	0.7 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.5	.2	0.9 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	.002
Hypertension, n (%)	142 (24)	7 (10)	12 (28)	.02	20 (24)	28 (29)	.3	19 (20)	56 (26)	.3
Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)	61 (10)	3 (5)	4 (9)	.4	9 (11)	11 (11)	1.0	11 (12)	23 (11)	.8
Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)	124 (21)	4 (6)	6 (14)	.2	10 (12)	12 (12)	1.0	23 (25)	69 (32)	.2
Serum/plasma values
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	63 ± 28	107 ± 18	103 ± 11	.3	75 ± 9	75 ± 9	.7	41 ± 12	39 ± 11	.2
Calcium (mmol/dL)	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.8	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.005	2.4 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	.06
Phosphate (mmol/dL)	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.2 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	<.001
PTH (pmol/mL)	5.9 ± 3.3	3.6 ± 1.5	4.7 ± 2.0	.002	4.5 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 2.3	.06	6.7 ± 3.6	7.9 ± 4.3	.01
25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)	63 ± 31	57 ± 24	54 ± 24	.6	63 ± 26	52 ± 29	.02	71 ± 34	70 ± 33	.8
Copeptin (pmol/L)	8.5 ± 7.4	4.2 ± 2.5	5.4 ± 3.2	.03	4.4 ± 2.7	7.1 ± 4.9	<.001	9.9 ± 8.3	14.9 ± 11.4	<.001
FGF-23 (RU/mL)	121 ± 74	87 ± 51	80 ± 38	.4	100 ± 50	93 ± 47	.3	168 ± 95	155 ± 86	.2
TmP/GFR (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.17	0.66 ± 0.11	Not tested	0.95 ± 0.13	0.64 ± 0.13	Not tested	0.94 ± 0.13	0.58 ± 0.16	Not tested
Urine excretions
Calcium (mmol/24h)	2.0 ± 1.7	3.4 ± 2.2	3.6 ± 2.1	.5	2.9 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 1.8	.5	1.8 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.2	.4
Phosphate (mmol/24h)	27 ± 10	27 ± 10	30 ± 10	.07	25 ± 9	31 ± 10	.002	22 ± 9	28 ± 9	<.001
Urea (mmol/24h)	384 ± 128	363 ± 136	393 ± 120	.3	362 ± 125	446 ± 141	<.001	338 ± 114	389 ± 116	<.001

CKD G1

CKD G2

CKD G3/4

n = 112

n = 184

n = 308

CKD stage Kidney phosphate

All

Yes

wasting (TmP/GFR <0.8 mmol/L)

n = 604 (%)

n = 69 (62)

n = 43 (38)

P-value

n = 85 (46)

n = 99 (54)

P-value

n = 93 (30)

n = 215 (70)

P-value

Age (years)

48 ± 12

34 ± 11

36 ± 8

46 ± 10

46 ± 9

55 ± 8

53 ± 9

Sex: male, n (%)

238 (39)

17 (25)

16 (37)

9 (11)

56 (57)

<.001

13 (14)

127 (59)

<.001

BMI (kg/m²)

26 ± 4

25 ± 5

26 ± 4

27 ± 4

26 ± 4

27 ± 4

Ethnicity, n (%)

White

577 (96)

65 (94)

40 (93)

1.0

82 (97)

92 (93)

86 (92)

212 (99)

.01

Mutation, n (%)

PKD1

399 (67)

53 (79)

32 (74)

53 (64)

58 (60)

63 (68)

140 (65)

PKD2

143 (24)

9 (13)

9 (21)

23 (28)

25 (26)

19 (20)

58 (27)

htTKV (L/m)

0.9 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.4

.002

0.7 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.8

.002

Hypertension, n (%)

142 (24)

7 (10)

12 (28)

.02

20 (24)

28 (29)

19 (20)

56 (26)

Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)

61 (10)

3 (5)

4 (9)

9 (11)

11 (11)

1.0

11 (12)

23 (11)

Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)

124 (21)

4 (6)

6 (14)

10 (12)

12 (12)

1.0

23 (25)

69 (32)

Serum/plasma values

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

63 ± 28

107 ± 18

103 ± 11

75 ± 9

41 ± 12

39 ± 11

Calcium (mmol/dL)

2.4 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

2.4 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

.005

2.4 ± 0.1

.06

Phosphate (mmol/dL)

1.0 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

<.001

1.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

<.001

1.2 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

<.001

PTH (pmol/mL)

5.9 ± 3.3

3.6 ± 1.5

4.7 ± 2.0

.002

4.5 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 2.3

.06

6.7 ± 3.6

7.9 ± 4.3

.01

25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)

63 ± 31

57 ± 24

54 ± 24

63 ± 26

52 ± 29

.02

71 ± 34

70 ± 33

Copeptin (pmol/L)

8.5 ± 7.4

4.2 ± 2.5

5.4 ± 3.2

.03

4.4 ± 2.7

7.1 ± 4.9

<.001

9.9 ± 8.3

14.9 ± 11.4

<.001

FGF-23 (RU/mL)

121 ± 74

87 ± 51

80 ± 38

100 ± 50

93 ± 47

168 ± 95

155 ± 86

TmP/GFR (mmol/L)

0.76 ± 0.23

1.02 ± 0.17

0.66 ± 0.11

Not tested

0.95 ± 0.13

0.64 ± 0.13

Not tested

0.94 ± 0.13

0.58 ± 0.16

Not tested

Urine excretions

Calcium (mmol/24h)

2.0 ± 1.7

3.4 ± 2.2

3.6 ± 2.1

2.9 ± 2.0

2.7 ± 1.8

1.8 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 1.2

Phosphate (mmol/24h)

27 ± 10

30 ± 10

.07

25 ± 9

31 ± 10

.002

22 ± 9

28 ± 9

<.001

Urea (mmol/24h)

384 ± 128

363 ± 136

393 ± 120

362 ± 125

446 ± 141

<.001

338 ± 114

389 ± 116

<.001

		CKD G1	CKD G2	CKD G3/4
Age (years)	48 ± 12	34 ± 11	36 ± 8	.3	46 ± 10	46 ± 9	.6	55 ± 8	53 ± 9	.1
Sex: male, n (%)	238 (39)	17 (25)	16 (37)	.1	9 (11)	56 (57)	<.001	13 (14)	127 (59)	<.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26 ± 4	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	.5	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.9	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.2
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	577 (96)	65 (94)	40 (93)	1.0	82 (97)	92 (93)	.4	86 (92)	212 (99)	.01
Mutation, n (%)
PKD1	399 (67)	53 (79)	32 (74)		53 (64)	58 (60)		63 (68)	140 (65)
PKD2	143 (24)	9 (13)	9 (21)	.9	23 (28)	25 (26)	.3	19 (20)	58 (27)	.4
htTKV (L/m)	0.9 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4	.002	0.7 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.5	.2	0.9 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	.002
Hypertension, n (%)	142 (24)	7 (10)	12 (28)	.02	20 (24)	28 (29)	.3	19 (20)	56 (26)	.3
Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)	61 (10)	3 (5)	4 (9)	.4	9 (11)	11 (11)	1.0	11 (12)	23 (11)	.8
Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)	124 (21)	4 (6)	6 (14)	.2	10 (12)	12 (12)	1.0	23 (25)	69 (32)	.2
Serum/plasma values
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	63 ± 28	107 ± 18	103 ± 11	.3	75 ± 9	75 ± 9	.7	41 ± 12	39 ± 11	.2
Calcium (mmol/dL)	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.8	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.005	2.4 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	.06
Phosphate (mmol/dL)	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.2 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	<.001
PTH (pmol/mL)	5.9 ± 3.3	3.6 ± 1.5	4.7 ± 2.0	.002	4.5 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 2.3	.06	6.7 ± 3.6	7.9 ± 4.3	.01
25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)	63 ± 31	57 ± 24	54 ± 24	.6	63 ± 26	52 ± 29	.02	71 ± 34	70 ± 33	.8
Copeptin (pmol/L)	8.5 ± 7.4	4.2 ± 2.5	5.4 ± 3.2	.03	4.4 ± 2.7	7.1 ± 4.9	<.001	9.9 ± 8.3	14.9 ± 11.4	<.001
FGF-23 (RU/mL)	121 ± 74	87 ± 51	80 ± 38	.4	100 ± 50	93 ± 47	.3	168 ± 95	155 ± 86	.2
TmP/GFR (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.17	0.66 ± 0.11	Not tested	0.95 ± 0.13	0.64 ± 0.13	Not tested	0.94 ± 0.13	0.58 ± 0.16	Not tested
Urine excretions
Calcium (mmol/24h)	2.0 ± 1.7	3.4 ± 2.2	3.6 ± 2.1	.5	2.9 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 1.8	.5	1.8 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.2	.4
Phosphate (mmol/24h)	27 ± 10	27 ± 10	30 ± 10	.07	25 ± 9	31 ± 10	.002	22 ± 9	28 ± 9	<.001
Urea (mmol/24h)	384 ± 128	363 ± 136	393 ± 120	.3	362 ± 125	446 ± 141	<.001	338 ± 114	389 ± 116	<.001

CKD G1

CKD G2

CKD G3/4

n = 112

n = 184

n = 308

CKD stage Kidney phosphate

All

Yes

wasting (TmP/GFR <0.8 mmol/L)

n = 604 (%)

n = 69 (62)

n = 43 (38)

P-value

n = 85 (46)

n = 99 (54)

P-value

n = 93 (30)

n = 215 (70)

P-value

Age (years)

48 ± 12

34 ± 11

36 ± 8

46 ± 10

46 ± 9

55 ± 8

53 ± 9

Sex: male, n (%)

238 (39)

17 (25)

16 (37)

9 (11)

56 (57)

<.001

13 (14)

127 (59)

<.001

BMI (kg/m²)

26 ± 4

25 ± 5

26 ± 4

27 ± 4

26 ± 4

27 ± 4

Ethnicity, n (%)

White

577 (96)

65 (94)

40 (93)

1.0

82 (97)

92 (93)

86 (92)

212 (99)

.01

Mutation, n (%)

PKD1

399 (67)

53 (79)

32 (74)

53 (64)

58 (60)

63 (68)

140 (65)

PKD2

143 (24)

9 (13)

9 (21)

23 (28)

25 (26)

19 (20)

58 (27)

htTKV (L/m)

0.9 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.2

0.7 ± 0.4

.002

0.7 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.8

.002

Hypertension, n (%)

142 (24)

7 (10)

12 (28)

.02

20 (24)

28 (29)

19 (20)

56 (26)

Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)

61 (10)

3 (5)

4 (9)

9 (11)

11 (11)

1.0

11 (12)

23 (11)

Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)

124 (21)

4 (6)

6 (14)

10 (12)

12 (12)

1.0

23 (25)

69 (32)

Serum/plasma values

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

63 ± 28

107 ± 18

103 ± 11

75 ± 9

41 ± 12

39 ± 11

Calcium (mmol/dL)

2.4 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

2.4 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

.005

2.4 ± 0.1

.06

Phosphate (mmol/dL)

1.0 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

<.001

1.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

<.001

1.2 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

<.001

PTH (pmol/mL)

5.9 ± 3.3

3.6 ± 1.5

4.7 ± 2.0

.002

4.5 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 2.3

.06

6.7 ± 3.6

7.9 ± 4.3

.01

25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)

63 ± 31

57 ± 24

54 ± 24

63 ± 26

52 ± 29

.02

71 ± 34

70 ± 33

Copeptin (pmol/L)

8.5 ± 7.4

4.2 ± 2.5

5.4 ± 3.2

.03

4.4 ± 2.7

7.1 ± 4.9

<.001

9.9 ± 8.3

14.9 ± 11.4

<.001

FGF-23 (RU/mL)

121 ± 74

87 ± 51

80 ± 38

100 ± 50

93 ± 47

168 ± 95

155 ± 86

TmP/GFR (mmol/L)

0.76 ± 0.23

1.02 ± 0.17

0.66 ± 0.11

Not tested

0.95 ± 0.13

0.64 ± 0.13

Not tested

0.94 ± 0.13

0.58 ± 0.16

Not tested

Urine excretions

Calcium (mmol/24h)

2.0 ± 1.7

3.4 ± 2.2

3.6 ± 2.1

2.9 ± 2.0

2.7 ± 1.8

1.8 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 1.2

Phosphate (mmol/24h)

27 ± 10

30 ± 10

.07

25 ± 9

31 ± 10

.002

22 ± 9

28 ± 9

<.001

Urea (mmol/24h)

384 ± 128

363 ± 136

393 ± 120

362 ± 125

446 ± 141

<.001

338 ± 114

389 ± 116

<.001

Table 1:

Open in new tab

Characteristics associated with kidney phosphate wasting by CKD stages.

		CKD G1			CKD G2			CKD G3/4
		n = 112			n = 184			n = 308
CKD stage Kidney phosphate	All	No	Yes		No	Yes		No	Yes
wasting (TmP/GFR <0.8 mmol/L)	n = 604 (%)	n = 69 (62)	n = 43 (38)	P-value	n = 85 (46)	n = 99 (54)	P-value	n = 93 (30)	n = 215 (70)	P-value
Age (years)	48 ± 12	34 ± 11	36 ± 8	.3	46 ± 10	46 ± 9	.6	55 ± 8	53 ± 9	.1
Sex: male, n (%)	238 (39)	17 (25)	16 (37)	.1	9 (11)	56 (57)	<.001	13 (14)	127 (59)	<.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26 ± 4	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	.5	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.9	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.2
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	577 (96)	65 (94)	40 (93)	1.0	82 (97)	92 (93)	.4	86 (92)	212 (99)	.01
Mutation, n (%)
PKD1	399 (67)	53 (79)	32 (74)		53 (64)	58 (60)		63 (68)	140 (65)
PKD2	143 (24)	9 (13)	9 (21)	.9	23 (28)	25 (26)	.3	19 (20)	58 (27)	.4
htTKV (L/m)	0.9 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4	.002	0.7 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.5	.2	0.9 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	.002
Hypertension, n (%)	142 (24)	7 (10)	12 (28)	.02	20 (24)	28 (29)	.3	19 (20)	56 (26)	.3
Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)	61 (10)	3 (5)	4 (9)	.4	9 (11)	11 (11)	1.0	11 (12)	23 (11)	.8
Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)	124 (21)	4 (6)	6 (14)	.2	10 (12)	12 (12)	1.0	23 (25)	69 (32)	.2
Serum/plasma values
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	63 ± 28	107 ± 18	103 ± 11	.3	75 ± 9	75 ± 9	.7	41 ± 12	39 ± 11	.2
Calcium (mmol/dL)	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.8	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.005	2.4 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	.06
Phosphate (mmol/dL)	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.2 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	<.001
PTH (pmol/mL)	5.9 ± 3.3	3.6 ± 1.5	4.7 ± 2.0	.002	4.5 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 2.3	.06	6.7 ± 3.6	7.9 ± 4.3	.01
25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)	63 ± 31	57 ± 24	54 ± 24	.6	63 ± 26	52 ± 29	.02	71 ± 34	70 ± 33	.8
Copeptin (pmol/L)	8.5 ± 7.4	4.2 ± 2.5	5.4 ± 3.2	.03	4.4 ± 2.7	7.1 ± 4.9	<.001	9.9 ± 8.3	14.9 ± 11.4	<.001
FGF-23 (RU/mL)	121 ± 74	87 ± 51	80 ± 38	.4	100 ± 50	93 ± 47	.3	168 ± 95	155 ± 86	.2
TmP/GFR (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.17	0.66 ± 0.11	Not tested	0.95 ± 0.13	0.64 ± 0.13	Not tested	0.94 ± 0.13	0.58 ± 0.16	Not tested
Urine excretions
Calcium (mmol/24h)	2.0 ± 1.7	3.4 ± 2.2	3.6 ± 2.1	.5	2.9 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 1.8	.5	1.8 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.2	.4
Phosphate (mmol/24h)	27 ± 10	27 ± 10	30 ± 10	.07	25 ± 9	31 ± 10	.002	22 ± 9	28 ± 9	<.001
Urea (mmol/24h)	384 ± 128	363 ± 136	393 ± 120	.3	362 ± 125	446 ± 141	<.001	338 ± 114	389 ± 116	<.001

		CKD G1			CKD G2			CKD G3/4
		n = 112			n = 184			n = 308
CKD stage Kidney phosphate	All	No	Yes		No	Yes		No	Yes
wasting (TmP/GFR <0.8 mmol/L)	n = 604 (%)	n = 69 (62)	n = 43 (38)	P-value	n = 85 (46)	n = 99 (54)	P-value	n = 93 (30)	n = 215 (70)	P-value
Age (years)	48 ± 12	34 ± 11	36 ± 8	.3	46 ± 10	46 ± 9	.6	55 ± 8	53 ± 9	.1
Sex: male, n (%)	238 (39)	17 (25)	16 (37)	.1	9 (11)	56 (57)	<.001	13 (14)	127 (59)	<.001
BMI (kg/m²)	26 ± 4	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	.5	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.9	26 ± 4	27 ± 4	.2
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	577 (96)	65 (94)	40 (93)	1.0	82 (97)	92 (93)	.4	86 (92)	212 (99)	.01
Mutation, n (%)
PKD1	399 (67)	53 (79)	32 (74)		53 (64)	58 (60)		63 (68)	140 (65)
PKD2	143 (24)	9 (13)	9 (21)	.9	23 (28)	25 (26)	.3	19 (20)	58 (27)	.4
htTKV (L/m)	0.9 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4	.002	0.7 ± 0.4	0.8 ± 0.5	.2	0.9 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.8	.002
Hypertension, n (%)	142 (24)	7 (10)	12 (28)	.02	20 (24)	28 (29)	.3	19 (20)	56 (26)	.3
Tolvaptan treatment: yes, n (%)	61 (10)	3 (5)	4 (9)	.4	9 (11)	11 (11)	1.0	11 (12)	23 (11)	.8
Diuretics treatment: yes, n (%)	124 (21)	4 (6)	6 (14)	.2	10 (12)	12 (12)	1.0	23 (25)	69 (32)	.2
Serum/plasma values
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	63 ± 28	107 ± 18	103 ± 11	.3	75 ± 9	75 ± 9	.7	41 ± 12	39 ± 11	.2
Calcium (mmol/dL)	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.8	2.4 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	.005	2.4 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	.06
Phosphate (mmol/dL)	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.1 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	<.001	1.2 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	<.001
PTH (pmol/mL)	5.9 ± 3.3	3.6 ± 1.5	4.7 ± 2.0	.002	4.5 ± 1.9	5.1 ± 2.3	.06	6.7 ± 3.6	7.9 ± 4.3	.01
25-OH vitamin D (nmol/mL)	63 ± 31	57 ± 24	54 ± 24	.6	63 ± 26	52 ± 29	.02	71 ± 34	70 ± 33	.8
Copeptin (pmol/L)	8.5 ± 7.4	4.2 ± 2.5	5.4 ± 3.2	.03	4.4 ± 2.7	7.1 ± 4.9	<.001	9.9 ± 8.3	14.9 ± 11.4	<.001
FGF-23 (RU/mL)	121 ± 74	87 ± 51	80 ± 38	.4	100 ± 50	93 ± 47	.3	168 ± 95	155 ± 86	.2
TmP/GFR (mmol/L)	0.76 ± 0.23	1.02 ± 0.17	0.66 ± 0.11	Not tested	0.95 ± 0.13	0.64 ± 0.13	Not tested	0.94 ± 0.13	0.58 ± 0.16	Not tested
Urine excretions
Calcium (mmol/24h)	2.0 ± 1.7	3.4 ± 2.2	3.6 ± 2.1	.5	2.9 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 1.8	.5	1.8 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.2	.4
Phosphate (mmol/24h)	27 ± 10	27 ± 10	30 ± 10	.07	25 ± 9	31 ± 10	.002	22 ± 9	28 ± 9	<.001
Urea (mmol/24h)	384 ± 128	363 ± 136	393 ± 120	.3	362 ± 125	446 ± 141	<.001	338 ± 114	389 ± 116	<.001

All continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Bold values means significant difference with p < 0.05.

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