Table 1: Open in new tab Summary of...

Characteristic

Category

Country

Australia

3.39

Canada

6.78

China

27.11

Germany

1.69

Iran

6.78

Japan

1.69

Jordan

1.69

Pakistan

1.69

Saudi Arabia

3.39

South Korea

3.39

Spain

3.39

The Netherlands

1.69

Turkey

11.86

United States

25.42

Study design

Randomized

40.68

Non-randomized

59.32

Sample size

≥100

30.51

<100

69.49

Gender

Mixed

77.97

Males only

1.69

Females only

20.34

Participant background

Existing mental health condition (Anxiety)

13.56

Existing mental health condition (Depression)

3.39

Enrolled as part of a course

15.25

Referred to from psychology clinic

3.39

Healthy (Physically/Mentally)

16.94

Others (e.g. fatigue, poor sleep quality, stress, experience of negative life event, dance experience)

10.17

Not reported

37.29

Intervention duration

4–6 weeks

23.73

7–9 weeks

30.51

10–12 weeks

28.81

>12 weeks

16.95

Intervention frequency

1–2 times per week

38.98

3–4 times per week

37.29

5–7 times/week

13.56

Other (gradual increase/self-directed)

3.39

Not reported

6.78

Session duration

0–30 min

16.95

30–60 min

30.51

≥60 min

18.64

Not reported

33.90

Type of physical activity*

Aerobic exercise (including dancing, walking, cheerleading and structured ball sports)

54.66

Strength training

Low-intensity/Low-impact exercise (including pilates, Tai Chi Quan, yoga, Ba Duan Jin, Kuok Sun Do)

25.33

Education only

Intervention fidelity measures**

Reported

50.85

Not reported

49.15

Measurement of physical activity

Reported

13.56

Not reported

86.44

Intervention based on theory

Yes (list of theories used)
1. SAAFE principles (Lubans et al., 2017)
2. SMART goal setting Doran, 1981,
3. Nies and Kershaw, (2002) model of PA and health outcomes
4. Motivational interviewing (Noonan & Moyers, 2009)
5. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2002)
6. Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2022)

8.47

Not reported

91.53

Table 1:

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Summary of Study and Intervention Characteristics

Characteristic	Category	N	%
Country	Australia	2	3.39
	Canada	4	6.78
	China	16	27.11
	Germany	1	1.69
	Iran	4	6.78
	Japan	1	1.69
	Jordan	1	1.69
	Pakistan	1	1.69
	Saudi Arabia	2	3.39
	South Korea	2	3.39
	Spain	2	3.39
	The Netherlands	1	1.69
	Turkey	7	11.86
	United States	15	25.42
Study design	Randomized	35	40.68
	Non-randomized	24	59.32
Sample size	≥100	18	30.51
	<100	41	69.49
Gender	Mixed	46	77.97
	Males only	1	1.69
	Females only	12	20.34
Participant background	Existing mental health condition (Anxiety)	8	13.56
	Existing mental health condition (Depression)	2	3.39
	Enrolled as part of a course	9	15.25
	Referred to from psychology clinic	2	3.39
	Healthy (Physically/Mentally)	10	16.94
	Others (e.g. fatigue, poor sleep quality, stress, experience of negative life event, dance experience)	6	10.17
	Not reported	22	37.29
Intervention duration	4–6 weeks	14	23.73
	7–9 weeks	18	30.51
	10–12 weeks	17	28.81
	>12 weeks	10	16.95
Intervention frequency	1–2 times per week	23	38.98
	3–4 times per week	22	37.29
	5–7 times/week	8	13.56
	Other (gradual increase/self-directed)	2	3.39
	Not reported	4	6.78
Session duration	0–30 min	10	16.95
	30–60 min	18	30.51
	≥60 min	11	18.64
	Not reported	20	33.90
Type of physical activity*	Aerobic exercise (including dancing, walking, cheerleading and structured ball sports)	41	54.66
	Strength training	15	20
	Low-intensity/Low-impact exercise (including pilates, Tai Chi Quan, yoga, Ba Duan Jin, Kuok Sun Do)	19	25.33
	Education only	3	4
Intervention fidelity measures**	Reported	30	50.85
	Not reported	29	49.15
Measurement of physical activity	Reported	8	13.56
Measurement of physical activity	Not reported	51	86.44
Intervention based on theory	Yes (list of theories used) 1. SAAFE principles (Lubans et al., 2017) 2. SMART goal setting Doran, 1981, 3. Nies and Kershaw, (2002) model of PA and health outcomes 4. Motivational interviewing (Noonan & Moyers, 2009) 5. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2002) 6. Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2022)	5	8.47
	Not reported	54	91.53

Characteristic	Category	N	%
Country	Australia	2	3.39
	Canada	4	6.78
	China	16	27.11
	Germany	1	1.69
	Iran	4	6.78
	Japan	1	1.69
	Jordan	1	1.69
	Pakistan	1	1.69
	Saudi Arabia	2	3.39
	South Korea	2	3.39
	Spain	2	3.39
	The Netherlands	1	1.69
	Turkey	7	11.86
	United States	15	25.42
Study design	Randomized	35	40.68
	Non-randomized	24	59.32
Sample size	≥100	18	30.51
	<100	41	69.49
Gender	Mixed	46	77.97
	Males only	1	1.69
	Females only	12	20.34
Participant background	Existing mental health condition (Anxiety)	8	13.56
	Existing mental health condition (Depression)	2	3.39
	Enrolled as part of a course	9	15.25
	Referred to from psychology clinic	2	3.39
	Healthy (Physically/Mentally)	10	16.94
	Others (e.g. fatigue, poor sleep quality, stress, experience of negative life event, dance experience)	6	10.17
	Not reported	22	37.29
Intervention duration	4–6 weeks	14	23.73
	7–9 weeks	18	30.51
	10–12 weeks	17	28.81
	>12 weeks	10	16.95
Intervention frequency	1–2 times per week	23	38.98
	3–4 times per week	22	37.29
	5–7 times/week	8	13.56
	Other (gradual increase/self-directed)	2	3.39
	Not reported	4	6.78
Session duration	0–30 min	10	16.95
	30–60 min	18	30.51
	≥60 min	11	18.64
	Not reported	20	33.90
Type of physical activity*	Aerobic exercise (including dancing, walking, cheerleading and structured ball sports)	41	54.66
	Strength training	15	20
	Low-intensity/Low-impact exercise (including pilates, Tai Chi Quan, yoga, Ba Duan Jin, Kuok Sun Do)	19	25.33
	Education only	3	4
Intervention fidelity measures**	Reported	30	50.85
	Not reported	29	49.15
Measurement of physical activity	Reported	8	13.56
Measurement of physical activity	Not reported	51	86.44
Intervention based on theory	Yes (list of theories used) 1. SAAFE principles (Lubans et al., 2017) 2. SMART goal setting Doran, 1981, 3. Nies and Kershaw, (2002) model of PA and health outcomes 4. Motivational interviewing (Noonan & Moyers, 2009) 5. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2002) 6. Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2022)	5	8.47
	Not reported	54	91.53

Note. *Some interventions had more than one type of physical activity. ** Intervention fidelity was assessed according to whether authors reported attendance/adherence to the prescribed physical activity program.

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