| Moderator . | Description . | Distribution (unweighted) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | The sex variable was derived from the household grid questionnaire, which is asked at the beginning of the annual interview. |
|
| Age | Age in three groups was derived from the age information collected in the household grid. A robustness check was carried out to assess the cutpoint used to define the younger group (see appendix F in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Smartphone | Whether the respondent has a smartphone is asked to mobile users since wave 5, “Is your mobile a smartphone? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Yes, (2) No.” The most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Frequency of using the Internet | The frequency of using the Internet has been asked since wave 3, “How often do you use the internet for your personal use? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Every day, (2) Several times a week, (3) Several times a month, (4) Once a month, (5) Less than once a month, (6) Never use, (7) No access at home, at work or elsewhere.” The variable was recoded into two categories, daily use and less often than daily, and the most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Contact details (address and email) | The information on whether panel members provided an email and mobile number was facilitated by Understanding Society. |
|
| Previous response behavior | This variable was derived using the outcome code for the adult interviews in which the panel members had been invited to participate up to wave 10. First, we calculated the ratio of adult interviews the panel member completed to the waves they were issued to the field. Then, we identified regular respondents as those who completed at least 2-in-3 interviews and irregular respondents who participated less than 66% of the time. A robustness check was carried out using different cutpoints (see appendix G in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Moderator . | Description . | Distribution (unweighted) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | The sex variable was derived from the household grid questionnaire, which is asked at the beginning of the annual interview. |
|
| Age | Age in three groups was derived from the age information collected in the household grid. A robustness check was carried out to assess the cutpoint used to define the younger group (see appendix F in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Smartphone | Whether the respondent has a smartphone is asked to mobile users since wave 5, “Is your mobile a smartphone? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Yes, (2) No.” The most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Frequency of using the Internet | The frequency of using the Internet has been asked since wave 3, “How often do you use the internet for your personal use? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Every day, (2) Several times a week, (3) Several times a month, (4) Once a month, (5) Less than once a month, (6) Never use, (7) No access at home, at work or elsewhere.” The variable was recoded into two categories, daily use and less often than daily, and the most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Contact details (address and email) | The information on whether panel members provided an email and mobile number was facilitated by Understanding Society. |
|
| Previous response behavior | This variable was derived using the outcome code for the adult interviews in which the panel members had been invited to participate up to wave 10. First, we calculated the ratio of adult interviews the panel member completed to the waves they were issued to the field. Then, we identified regular respondents as those who completed at least 2-in-3 interviews and irregular respondents who participated less than 66% of the time. A robustness check was carried out using different cutpoints (see appendix G in the supplementary data online). |
|
Note.—The distribution shown in the table corresponds to the compliant sample, i.e., panel members eligible for an adult interview at wave 11 (monthly sample April to September 2020) with a mobile number on record.
| Moderator . | Description . | Distribution (unweighted) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | The sex variable was derived from the household grid questionnaire, which is asked at the beginning of the annual interview. |
|
| Age | Age in three groups was derived from the age information collected in the household grid. A robustness check was carried out to assess the cutpoint used to define the younger group (see appendix F in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Smartphone | Whether the respondent has a smartphone is asked to mobile users since wave 5, “Is your mobile a smartphone? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Yes, (2) No.” The most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Frequency of using the Internet | The frequency of using the Internet has been asked since wave 3, “How often do you use the internet for your personal use? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Every day, (2) Several times a week, (3) Several times a month, (4) Once a month, (5) Less than once a month, (6) Never use, (7) No access at home, at work or elsewhere.” The variable was recoded into two categories, daily use and less often than daily, and the most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Contact details (address and email) | The information on whether panel members provided an email and mobile number was facilitated by Understanding Society. |
|
| Previous response behavior | This variable was derived using the outcome code for the adult interviews in which the panel members had been invited to participate up to wave 10. First, we calculated the ratio of adult interviews the panel member completed to the waves they were issued to the field. Then, we identified regular respondents as those who completed at least 2-in-3 interviews and irregular respondents who participated less than 66% of the time. A robustness check was carried out using different cutpoints (see appendix G in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Moderator . | Description . | Distribution (unweighted) . |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | The sex variable was derived from the household grid questionnaire, which is asked at the beginning of the annual interview. |
|
| Age | Age in three groups was derived from the age information collected in the household grid. A robustness check was carried out to assess the cutpoint used to define the younger group (see appendix F in the supplementary data online). |
|
| Smartphone | Whether the respondent has a smartphone is asked to mobile users since wave 5, “Is your mobile a smartphone? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Yes, (2) No.” The most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Frequency of using the Internet | The frequency of using the Internet has been asked since wave 3, “How often do you use the internet for your personal use? (-2) Refusal, (-1) Don’t know, (1) Every day, (2) Several times a week, (3) Several times a month, (4) Once a month, (5) Less than once a month, (6) Never use, (7) No access at home, at work or elsewhere.” The variable was recoded into two categories, daily use and less often than daily, and the most recent valid response was imputed for those not responding at wave 11. |
|
| Contact details (address and email) | The information on whether panel members provided an email and mobile number was facilitated by Understanding Society. |
|
| Previous response behavior | This variable was derived using the outcome code for the adult interviews in which the panel members had been invited to participate up to wave 10. First, we calculated the ratio of adult interviews the panel member completed to the waves they were issued to the field. Then, we identified regular respondents as those who completed at least 2-in-3 interviews and irregular respondents who participated less than 66% of the time. A robustness check was carried out using different cutpoints (see appendix G in the supplementary data online). |
|
Note.—The distribution shown in the table corresponds to the compliant sample, i.e., panel members eligible for an adult interview at wave 11 (monthly sample April to September 2020) with a mobile number on record.
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