Lung cancer risk among participants in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
| Explanatory variables . | RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| Smoking behavior | |
| Not smoking | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Trying to quita | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.47) |
| Smokingb | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25) |
| Baseline cigarettes per dayc | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Rate of change cigarettes per dayd | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) |
| Intervention | |
| Placebo | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Alpha-tocopherol | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.43) |
| Beta-carotene | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) |
| Alpha-tocopherol plus beta-carotene | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 1.00 (Referent) |
| College | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.91) |
| College graduate | 0.40 (0.20 to 0.78) |
| Age, y | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.17) |
| Age at smoking initiation, y | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
| Explanatory variables . | RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| Smoking behavior | |
| Not smoking | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Trying to quita | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.47) |
| Smokingb | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25) |
| Baseline cigarettes per dayc | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Rate of change cigarettes per dayd | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) |
| Intervention | |
| Placebo | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Alpha-tocopherol | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.43) |
| Beta-carotene | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) |
| Alpha-tocopherol plus beta-carotene | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 1.00 (Referent) |
| College | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.91) |
| College graduate | 0.40 (0.20 to 0.78) |
| Age, y | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.17) |
| Age at smoking initiation, y | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
Risk ratio corresponds to a change of 20% in the proportion of visits when men were trying to quit. CI = confidence interval; RR = risk ratio.
Risk ratio corresponds to a change of 20% in the proportion of visits when men smoked.
Risk ratio corresponds to an increase of 5 cigarettes per day in the baseline smoking intensity.
Risk ratio corresponds to an increase in smoking intensity at a rate of 5 cigarettes per day per intervention year.
Lung cancer risk among participants in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
| Explanatory variables . | RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| Smoking behavior | |
| Not smoking | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Trying to quita | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.47) |
| Smokingb | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25) |
| Baseline cigarettes per dayc | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Rate of change cigarettes per dayd | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) |
| Intervention | |
| Placebo | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Alpha-tocopherol | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.43) |
| Beta-carotene | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) |
| Alpha-tocopherol plus beta-carotene | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 1.00 (Referent) |
| College | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.91) |
| College graduate | 0.40 (0.20 to 0.78) |
| Age, y | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.17) |
| Age at smoking initiation, y | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
| Explanatory variables . | RR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| Smoking behavior | |
| Not smoking | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Trying to quita | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.47) |
| Smokingb | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25) |
| Baseline cigarettes per dayc | 1.13 (1.07 to 1.19) |
| Rate of change cigarettes per dayd | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) |
| Intervention | |
| Placebo | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Alpha-tocopherol | 1.06 (0.78 to 1.43) |
| Beta-carotene | 1.15 (0.85 to 1.55) |
| Alpha-tocopherol plus beta-carotene | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 1.00 (Referent) |
| College | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.91) |
| College graduate | 0.40 (0.20 to 0.78) |
| Age, y | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.17) |
| Age at smoking initiation, y | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) |
Risk ratio corresponds to a change of 20% in the proportion of visits when men were trying to quit. CI = confidence interval; RR = risk ratio.
Risk ratio corresponds to a change of 20% in the proportion of visits when men smoked.
Risk ratio corresponds to an increase of 5 cigarettes per day in the baseline smoking intensity.
Risk ratio corresponds to an increase in smoking intensity at a rate of 5 cigarettes per day per intervention year.
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