Table 4. Open in new tab Results from...

Variable	Preregistered model	Controlling for reactivity
Experience of positive emotion
Young intercept	2.70	0.25	2.64	0.25	2.58	0.22	2.56	0.22
EMA target strategy use	0.44	1.11	1.24	1.22	0.39	1.00	0.62	1.03
Condition	0.25	0.33	0.46	0.36	0.21	0.30	0.27	0.32
Reactivity					0.46***	0.08	0.45***	0.09
EMA target strategy use × condition			–4.38	2.83			–1.28	2.62
CN older adult intercept	2.59	0.21	2.72	0.21	2.72	0.19	2.85	0.20
EMA target strategy use	1.84	1.99	6.38*	2.97	2.13	1.80	6.65*	2.70
Condition	0.49	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.12	0.27
Reactivity					0.32***	0.08	0.32***	0.08
EMA target strategy use × condition			–8.11*	3.97			–8.04*	3.59
MCI older adult intercept	2.10	0.28	2.21	0.33	2.21	0.25	2.28	0.30
EMA target strategy use	–4.06	3.94	–0.37	7.01	–4.52	3.54	0.72	6.32
Condition	0.57	0.35	0.41	0.42	0.62*	0.32	0.42	0.38
Reactivity					0.39***	0.10	0.41***	0.10
EMA target strategy use × condition			–5.34	8.44			–7.60	7.62

Variable

Preregistered model

Controlling for reactivity

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Est.

Experience of positive emotion

Young intercept

2.70

0.25

2.64

0.25

2.58

0.22

2.56

0.22

EMA target strategy use

0.44

1.11

1.24

1.22

0.39

1.00

0.62

1.03

Condition

0.25

0.33

0.46

0.36

0.21

0.30

0.27

0.32

Reactivity

0.46***

0.08

0.45***

0.09

EMA target strategy use × condition

–4.38

2.83

–1.28

2.62

CN older adult intercept

2.59

0.21

2.72

0.21

2.72

0.19

2.85

0.20

EMA target strategy use

1.84

1.99

6.38*

2.97

2.13

1.80

6.65*

2.70

Condition

0.49

0.29

0.31

0.30

0.26

0.12

0.27

Reactivity

0.32***

0.08

0.32***

0.08

EMA target strategy use × condition

–8.11*

3.97

–8.04*

3.59

MCI older adult intercept

2.10

0.28

2.21

0.33

2.21

0.25

2.28

0.30

EMA target strategy use

–4.06

3.94

–0.37

7.01

–4.52

3.54

0.72

6.32

Condition

0.57

0.35

0.41

0.42

0.62*

0.32

0.42

0.38

Reactivity

0.39***

0.10

0.41***

0.10

EMA target strategy use × condition

–5.34

8.44

–7.60

7.62

Variable	Preregistered model	Controlling for reactivity
Experience of positive emotion
Young intercept	2.70	0.25	2.64	0.25	2.58	0.22	2.56	0.22
EMA target strategy use	0.44	1.11	1.24	1.22	0.39	1.00	0.62	1.03
Condition	0.25	0.33	0.46	0.36	0.21	0.30	0.27	0.32
Reactivity					0.46***	0.08	0.45***	0.09
EMA target strategy use × condition			–4.38	2.83			–1.28	2.62
CN older adult intercept	2.59	0.21	2.72	0.21	2.72	0.19	2.85	0.20
EMA target strategy use	1.84	1.99	6.38*	2.97	2.13	1.80	6.65*	2.70
Condition	0.49	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.12	0.27
Reactivity					0.32***	0.08	0.32***	0.08
EMA target strategy use × condition			–8.11*	3.97			–8.04*	3.59
MCI older adult intercept	2.10	0.28	2.21	0.33	2.21	0.25	2.28	0.30
EMA target strategy use	–4.06	3.94	–0.37	7.01	–4.52	3.54	0.72	6.32
Condition	0.57	0.35	0.41	0.42	0.62*	0.32	0.42	0.38
Reactivity					0.39***	0.10	0.41***	0.10
EMA target strategy use × condition			–5.34	8.44			–7.60	7.62

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Results from No-intercept Multilevel Models Predicting Positive Emotion on Instructed Strategy Trials from Daily Life Use of Instructed ER Strategy and Group Membership

Variable	Preregistered model				Controlling for reactivity
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE
Experience of positive emotion
Young intercept	2.70	0.25	2.64	0.25	2.58	0.22	2.56	0.22
EMA target strategy use	0.44	1.11	1.24	1.22	0.39	1.00	0.62	1.03
Condition	0.25	0.33	0.46	0.36	0.21	0.30	0.27	0.32
Reactivity					0.46***	0.08	0.45***	0.09
EMA target strategy use × condition			–4.38	2.83			–1.28	2.62
CN older adult intercept	2.59	0.21	2.72	0.21	2.72	0.19	2.85	0.20
EMA target strategy use	1.84	1.99	6.38*	2.97	2.13	1.80	6.65*	2.70
Condition	0.49	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.12	0.27
Reactivity					0.32***	0.08	0.32***	0.08
EMA target strategy use × condition			–8.11*	3.97			–8.04*	3.59
MCI older adult intercept	2.10	0.28	2.21	0.33	2.21	0.25	2.28	0.30
EMA target strategy use	–4.06	3.94	–0.37	7.01	–4.52	3.54	0.72	6.32
Condition	0.57	0.35	0.41	0.42	0.62*	0.32	0.42	0.38
Reactivity					0.39***	0.10	0.41***	0.10
EMA target strategy use × condition			–5.34	8.44			–7.60	7.62

Variable	Preregistered model				Controlling for reactivity
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE	Est.	SE
Experience of positive emotion
Young intercept	2.70	0.25	2.64	0.25	2.58	0.22	2.56	0.22
EMA target strategy use	0.44	1.11	1.24	1.22	0.39	1.00	0.62	1.03
Condition	0.25	0.33	0.46	0.36	0.21	0.30	0.27	0.32
Reactivity					0.46***	0.08	0.45***	0.09
EMA target strategy use × condition			–4.38	2.83			–1.28	2.62
CN older adult intercept	2.59	0.21	2.72	0.21	2.72	0.19	2.85	0.20
EMA target strategy use	1.84	1.99	6.38*	2.97	2.13	1.80	6.65*	2.70
Condition	0.49	0.29	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.26	0.12	0.27
Reactivity					0.32***	0.08	0.32***	0.08
EMA target strategy use × condition			–8.11*	3.97			–8.04*	3.59
MCI older adult intercept	2.10	0.28	2.21	0.33	2.21	0.25	2.28	0.30
EMA target strategy use	–4.06	3.94	–0.37	7.01	–4.52	3.54	0.72	6.32
Condition	0.57	0.35	0.41	0.42	0.62*	0.32	0.42	0.38
Reactivity					0.39***	0.10	0.41***	0.10
EMA target strategy use × condition			–5.34	8.44			–7.60	7.62

Notes: CN Older = cognitively normal older adult group; EMA = ecological momentary assessment; ER = emotion regulation; MCI Older = older adult with researcher-defined mild cognitive impairment group; Young = young adult group.

EMA strategy use represents the total number of times participants endorsed using the strategy divided by the total number of prompts to which the participant responded. Reactivity = Experience of Positive Emotion on natural viewing trials (group-mean centered by film type). Condition was coded such that 0 = Reappraisal Condition, 1 = Distraction Condition.

Significant effects are in bold.

*p < .05, ***p < .001.

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