Summary of linear mixed effects models adjusting for markers of systemic vascular risk and cerebrovascular injury
| . | Adjusting for FHS-CVD × Time . | Adjusting for WMH × Time . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | |
| ITC tau | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | −3.72 | <0.001 | −0.15 (−0.21 to −0.10) | −5.36 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.03) | −3.16 | 0.002 | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | −3.32 | 0.001 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.13) | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.14) | 3.33 | 0.001 |
| PGF × Time | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 1.18 | 0.24 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.77 | 0.44 |
| PACC5 | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.09) | 2.83 | 0.005 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 3.57 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.29 | 0.77 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04) | −4.06 | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −3.35 | <0.001 |
| PGF × Time | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | −1.40 | 0.16 | −0.07 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.36 | 0.72 |
| . | Adjusting for FHS-CVD × Time . | Adjusting for WMH × Time . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | |
| ITC tau | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | −3.72 | <0.001 | −0.15 (−0.21 to −0.10) | −5.36 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.03) | −3.16 | 0.002 | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | −3.32 | 0.001 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.13) | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.14) | 3.33 | 0.001 |
| PGF × Time | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 1.18 | 0.24 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.77 | 0.44 |
| PACC5 | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.09) | 2.83 | 0.005 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 3.57 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.29 | 0.77 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04) | −4.06 | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −3.35 | <0.001 |
| PGF × Time | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | −1.40 | 0.16 | −0.07 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.36 | 0.72 |
The effects of low VEGFA and high PGF on accelerating amyloid-related inferior temporal cortex (ITC) tau accumulation and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC5) decline remained significant after adjusting for baseline Framingham Heart Study Cardiovascular Disease risk (FHS-CVD) score and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Aβ = β-amyloid; CI = confidence interval.
Summary of linear mixed effects models adjusting for markers of systemic vascular risk and cerebrovascular injury
| . | Adjusting for FHS-CVD × Time . | Adjusting for WMH × Time . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | |
| ITC tau | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | −3.72 | <0.001 | −0.15 (−0.21 to −0.10) | −5.36 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.03) | −3.16 | 0.002 | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | −3.32 | 0.001 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.13) | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.14) | 3.33 | 0.001 |
| PGF × Time | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 1.18 | 0.24 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.77 | 0.44 |
| PACC5 | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.09) | 2.83 | 0.005 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 3.57 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.29 | 0.77 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04) | −4.06 | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −3.35 | <0.001 |
| PGF × Time | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | −1.40 | 0.16 | −0.07 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.36 | 0.72 |
| . | Adjusting for FHS-CVD × Time . | Adjusting for WMH × Time . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | β Estimate (95% CI) . | t-value . | P-value . | |
| ITC tau | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | −3.72 | <0.001 | −0.15 (−0.21 to −0.10) | −5.36 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.03) | −3.16 | 0.002 | −0.09 (−0.14 to −0.04) | −3.32 | 0.001 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.13) | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.14) | 3.33 | 0.001 |
| PGF × Time | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 1.18 | 0.24 | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.09) | 0.77 | 0.44 |
| PACC5 | ||||||
| VEGFA model | ||||||
| VEGFA × Aβ × Time | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.09) | 2.83 | 0.005 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11) | 3.57 | <0.001 |
| VEGFA × Time | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.29 | 0.77 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.24 | 0.81 |
| PGF model | ||||||
| PGF × Aβ × Time | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04) | −4.06 | <0.001 | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.03) | −3.35 | <0.001 |
| PGF × Time | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | −1.40 | 0.16 | −0.07 (−0.01 to 0.05) | −0.36 | 0.72 |
The effects of low VEGFA and high PGF on accelerating amyloid-related inferior temporal cortex (ITC) tau accumulation and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite-5 (PACC5) decline remained significant after adjusting for baseline Framingham Heart Study Cardiovascular Disease risk (FHS-CVD) score and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Aβ = β-amyloid; CI = confidence interval.
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