| Patients . | n = 658 . | % . |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (range) | 77.8 ± 5.6 (61–92) | |
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 7 | 1.1 |
| 65–69 | 41 | 6.2 |
| 70–74 | 138 | 21.0 |
| 75–79 | 209 | 31.8 |
| 80–84 | 186 | 28.3 |
| 85–89 | 70 | 10.6 |
| ≥90 | 7 | 1.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 424 | 64.4% |
| Male | 234 | 35.6% |
| Mean BSA ± SD (range) | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.3–2.4) | |
| NYHA | ||
| I | 22 | 3.3% |
| II | 198 | 30.1% |
| III | 386 | 58.7% |
| IV | 32 | 4.9% |
| Not available | 20 | 3.0% |
| Mean EuroSCORE ± SD (range) | 10.2 ± 7.8 (1.2–75.3) | |
| Mean STS Score ± SD (range) | 7.2 ± 7.4 (0.8–50.0) | |
| Cardiac rhythm a | ||
| Sinus | 559 | 85.5% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 52 | 8.0% |
| Other | 22 | 3.4% |
| Paced | 21 | 3.2% |
| Previous cardiovascular surgery b | ||
| None | 599 (91.0%) | |
| Previous surgery | 59 (9.0%) | |
| CABG | 13 | 22.0 |
| Pacemaker | 32 | 54.2 |
| Valve replacement | 8 | 13.5 |
| Other | 5 | 8.5 |
| Previous non-surgical procedures | 78 | 11.9 |
| PCI | 19 | 2.9 |
| PCI with stent | 67 | 10.2 |
| Risk factors | ||
| Systemic hypertension | 551 | 83.7 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 393 | 59.7 |
| Diabetes | 191 | 29 |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 63 | 34.2 |
| Smokers | 156 | 23.7 |
| Active smokers | 31 | 4.7 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | 112 | 17 |
| Chronic lung disease | 103 | 15.7 |
| Renal insufficiency | 97 | 14.8 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 75 | 11.4 |
| Neurological dysfunction | 12 | 1.8 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 7 | 1.1 |
| Dialysis | 5 | 0.8 |
| Treated infective endocarditis | 3 | 0.5 |
| Patients . | n = 658 . | % . |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (range) | 77.8 ± 5.6 (61–92) | |
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 7 | 1.1 |
| 65–69 | 41 | 6.2 |
| 70–74 | 138 | 21.0 |
| 75–79 | 209 | 31.8 |
| 80–84 | 186 | 28.3 |
| 85–89 | 70 | 10.6 |
| ≥90 | 7 | 1.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 424 | 64.4% |
| Male | 234 | 35.6% |
| Mean BSA ± SD (range) | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.3–2.4) | |
| NYHA | ||
| I | 22 | 3.3% |
| II | 198 | 30.1% |
| III | 386 | 58.7% |
| IV | 32 | 4.9% |
| Not available | 20 | 3.0% |
| Mean EuroSCORE ± SD (range) | 10.2 ± 7.8 (1.2–75.3) | |
| Mean STS Score ± SD (range) | 7.2 ± 7.4 (0.8–50.0) | |
| Cardiac rhythm a | ||
| Sinus | 559 | 85.5% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 52 | 8.0% |
| Other | 22 | 3.4% |
| Paced | 21 | 3.2% |
| Previous cardiovascular surgery b | ||
| None | 599 (91.0%) | |
| Previous surgery | 59 (9.0%) | |
| CABG | 13 | 22.0 |
| Pacemaker | 32 | 54.2 |
| Valve replacement | 8 | 13.5 |
| Other | 5 | 8.5 |
| Previous non-surgical procedures | 78 | 11.9 |
| PCI | 19 | 2.9 |
| PCI with stent | 67 | 10.2 |
| Risk factors | ||
| Systemic hypertension | 551 | 83.7 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 393 | 59.7 |
| Diabetes | 191 | 29 |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 63 | 34.2 |
| Smokers | 156 | 23.7 |
| Active smokers | 31 | 4.7 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | 112 | 17 |
| Chronic lung disease | 103 | 15.7 |
| Renal insufficiency | 97 | 14.8 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 75 | 11.4 |
| Neurological dysfunction | 12 | 1.8 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 7 | 1.1 |
| Dialysis | 5 | 0.8 |
| Treated infective endocarditis | 3 | 0.5 |
Renal insufficiency: documented history of renal failure and/or a history of creatinine >200 µmol/l. Cerebrovascular disease: unresponsive coma, CVA, RIND, TIA; non-invasive/invasive carotid test with greater than 75% occlusion; prior carotid surgery.
BSA: body surface area; AVR: aortic valve replacement; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; RIND: Reversible Ischaemic Neurologic Deficit; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; SD: standard deviation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; STS: society of thoracic surgeons.
a Missing data for 4 patients.
b Patient can have more than one previous surgery.
| Patients . | n = 658 . | % . |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (range) | 77.8 ± 5.6 (61–92) | |
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 7 | 1.1 |
| 65–69 | 41 | 6.2 |
| 70–74 | 138 | 21.0 |
| 75–79 | 209 | 31.8 |
| 80–84 | 186 | 28.3 |
| 85–89 | 70 | 10.6 |
| ≥90 | 7 | 1.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 424 | 64.4% |
| Male | 234 | 35.6% |
| Mean BSA ± SD (range) | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.3–2.4) | |
| NYHA | ||
| I | 22 | 3.3% |
| II | 198 | 30.1% |
| III | 386 | 58.7% |
| IV | 32 | 4.9% |
| Not available | 20 | 3.0% |
| Mean EuroSCORE ± SD (range) | 10.2 ± 7.8 (1.2–75.3) | |
| Mean STS Score ± SD (range) | 7.2 ± 7.4 (0.8–50.0) | |
| Cardiac rhythm a | ||
| Sinus | 559 | 85.5% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 52 | 8.0% |
| Other | 22 | 3.4% |
| Paced | 21 | 3.2% |
| Previous cardiovascular surgery b | ||
| None | 599 (91.0%) | |
| Previous surgery | 59 (9.0%) | |
| CABG | 13 | 22.0 |
| Pacemaker | 32 | 54.2 |
| Valve replacement | 8 | 13.5 |
| Other | 5 | 8.5 |
| Previous non-surgical procedures | 78 | 11.9 |
| PCI | 19 | 2.9 |
| PCI with stent | 67 | 10.2 |
| Risk factors | ||
| Systemic hypertension | 551 | 83.7 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 393 | 59.7 |
| Diabetes | 191 | 29 |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 63 | 34.2 |
| Smokers | 156 | 23.7 |
| Active smokers | 31 | 4.7 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | 112 | 17 |
| Chronic lung disease | 103 | 15.7 |
| Renal insufficiency | 97 | 14.8 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 75 | 11.4 |
| Neurological dysfunction | 12 | 1.8 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 7 | 1.1 |
| Dialysis | 5 | 0.8 |
| Treated infective endocarditis | 3 | 0.5 |
| Patients . | n = 658 . | % . |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (range) | 77.8 ± 5.6 (61–92) | |
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 7 | 1.1 |
| 65–69 | 41 | 6.2 |
| 70–74 | 138 | 21.0 |
| 75–79 | 209 | 31.8 |
| 80–84 | 186 | 28.3 |
| 85–89 | 70 | 10.6 |
| ≥90 | 7 | 1.1 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 424 | 64.4% |
| Male | 234 | 35.6% |
| Mean BSA ± SD (range) | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.3–2.4) | |
| NYHA | ||
| I | 22 | 3.3% |
| II | 198 | 30.1% |
| III | 386 | 58.7% |
| IV | 32 | 4.9% |
| Not available | 20 | 3.0% |
| Mean EuroSCORE ± SD (range) | 10.2 ± 7.8 (1.2–75.3) | |
| Mean STS Score ± SD (range) | 7.2 ± 7.4 (0.8–50.0) | |
| Cardiac rhythm a | ||
| Sinus | 559 | 85.5% |
| Atrial fibrillation | 52 | 8.0% |
| Other | 22 | 3.4% |
| Paced | 21 | 3.2% |
| Previous cardiovascular surgery b | ||
| None | 599 (91.0%) | |
| Previous surgery | 59 (9.0%) | |
| CABG | 13 | 22.0 |
| Pacemaker | 32 | 54.2 |
| Valve replacement | 8 | 13.5 |
| Other | 5 | 8.5 |
| Previous non-surgical procedures | 78 | 11.9 |
| PCI | 19 | 2.9 |
| PCI with stent | 67 | 10.2 |
| Risk factors | ||
| Systemic hypertension | 551 | 83.7 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 393 | 59.7 |
| Diabetes | 191 | 29 |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes | 63 | 34.2 |
| Smokers | 156 | 23.7 |
| Active smokers | 31 | 4.7 |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | 112 | 17 |
| Chronic lung disease | 103 | 15.7 |
| Renal insufficiency | 97 | 14.8 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 75 | 11.4 |
| Neurological dysfunction | 12 | 1.8 |
| Immunosuppressive treatment | 7 | 1.1 |
| Dialysis | 5 | 0.8 |
| Treated infective endocarditis | 3 | 0.5 |
Renal insufficiency: documented history of renal failure and/or a history of creatinine >200 µmol/l. Cerebrovascular disease: unresponsive coma, CVA, RIND, TIA; non-invasive/invasive carotid test with greater than 75% occlusion; prior carotid surgery.
BSA: body surface area; AVR: aortic valve replacement; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; RIND: Reversible Ischaemic Neurologic Deficit; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; SD: standard deviation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; STS: society of thoracic surgeons.
a Missing data for 4 patients.
b Patient can have more than one previous surgery.
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