| Peak PM dosing (assuming 100% deposition) for 4-h nasal exposure PM concentration×total inhaled air volume = total PM mass (μg) ÷ total human nasal passage surface area = PM deposited over 4 h . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM concentration . | Total inhaled air volume . | Total PM mass (μg) . | Total human nasal passage surface area . | PM deposited over 4 h . |
| 2800 μg/cm3 | 20 l/min (human minute ventilation)× 60 min × 4 h (exposure duration) = 4.8 m3 | 13 440 μg | 160 cm2 | 84 μg/cm2 |
| 299 μg/cm3 | 1435 μg | 8.9 μg/cm2 | ||
| Peak PM dosing (assuming 100% deposition) for 4-h nasal exposure PM concentration×total inhaled air volume = total PM mass (μg) ÷ total human nasal passage surface area = PM deposited over 4 h . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM concentration . | Total inhaled air volume . | Total PM mass (μg) . | Total human nasal passage surface area . | PM deposited over 4 h . |
| 2800 μg/cm3 | 20 l/min (human minute ventilation)× 60 min × 4 h (exposure duration) = 4.8 m3 | 13 440 μg | 160 cm2 | 84 μg/cm2 |
| 299 μg/cm3 | 1435 μg | 8.9 μg/cm2 | ||
Calculations for a 4-h acute respirable PIE concentrations are based off PM measurements of 299 μg/m3 at the U.S. Balad Air Base, Iraq, and 2.8 mg/m3 for acute PM exposure experienced by firefighters. Concentrations were multiplied by the total air volume inhaled over a 4-h period (assuming 100% deposition) to find the total PM mass inhaled, and then divided by the human nasal passage surface area to find PIE PM deposited in µg/cm2 concentrations for respiratory cell exposures.
| Peak PM dosing (assuming 100% deposition) for 4-h nasal exposure PM concentration×total inhaled air volume = total PM mass (μg) ÷ total human nasal passage surface area = PM deposited over 4 h . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM concentration . | Total inhaled air volume . | Total PM mass (μg) . | Total human nasal passage surface area . | PM deposited over 4 h . |
| 2800 μg/cm3 | 20 l/min (human minute ventilation)× 60 min × 4 h (exposure duration) = 4.8 m3 | 13 440 μg | 160 cm2 | 84 μg/cm2 |
| 299 μg/cm3 | 1435 μg | 8.9 μg/cm2 | ||
| Peak PM dosing (assuming 100% deposition) for 4-h nasal exposure PM concentration×total inhaled air volume = total PM mass (μg) ÷ total human nasal passage surface area = PM deposited over 4 h . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM concentration . | Total inhaled air volume . | Total PM mass (μg) . | Total human nasal passage surface area . | PM deposited over 4 h . |
| 2800 μg/cm3 | 20 l/min (human minute ventilation)× 60 min × 4 h (exposure duration) = 4.8 m3 | 13 440 μg | 160 cm2 | 84 μg/cm2 |
| 299 μg/cm3 | 1435 μg | 8.9 μg/cm2 | ||
Calculations for a 4-h acute respirable PIE concentrations are based off PM measurements of 299 μg/m3 at the U.S. Balad Air Base, Iraq, and 2.8 mg/m3 for acute PM exposure experienced by firefighters. Concentrations were multiplied by the total air volume inhaled over a 4-h period (assuming 100% deposition) to find the total PM mass inhaled, and then divided by the human nasal passage surface area to find PIE PM deposited in µg/cm2 concentrations for respiratory cell exposures.
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