| . | Missing data . | Overall (N = 1391) . | Slow (N = 464) . | Middle (N = 464) . | Fast (N = 463) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0 | 74 (65, 80) | 78 (70, 84) | 73 (64, 80) | 71 (61, 77) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 0 | 499 (35.9) | 231 (49.8) | 158 (34.1) | 110 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0 | 23.3 (20.8, 26.4) | 23.1 (20.5, 26.5) | 23.3 (21.0, 26.8) | 23.4 (21.2, 26.2) | |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | ||||||
| III/IV | 114 | 1226 (88.1) | 413 (89.0) | 413 (89.0) | 386 (83.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0 | 128 (108, 150) | 129 (107, 154) | 128 (108, 150) | 128 (109, 150) | 0.857 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 10 | 82 (70, 102) | 84 (70, 106) | 84 (70, 104) | 80 (70, 97) | 0.007 |
| LVEF, % | 90 | 40 (27, 56) | 40 (26, 56) | 38 (26, 55) | 40 (29, 56) | 0.250 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 | 967 (69.5) | 335 (72.2) | 319 (68.8) | 313 (67.6) | 0.286 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 622 (44.7) | 213 (45.9) | 207 (44.6) | 202 (43.6) | 0.783 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0 | 554 (39.8) | 182 (39.2) | 185 (39.9) | 187 (40.4) | 0.936 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 619 (44.5) | 200 (43.1) | 215 (46.3) | 204 (44.1) | 0.596 |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 0 | 413 (29.7) | 135 (29.1) | 134 (28.9) | 144 (31.1) | 0.717 |
| COPD | 0 | 67 (4.8) | 19 (4.1) | 29 (6.3) | 19 (4.1) | 0.210 |
| Stroke | 0 | 167 (12.0) | 82 (17.7) | 50 (10.8) | 35 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Prior HF admission, n (%) | 0 | 629 (45.2) | 221 (47.6) | 211 (45.5) | 216 (46.7) | 0.805 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 19 | 215 (15.5) | 53 (11.4) | 79 (17.0) | 83 (17.9) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 2 | 12.1 (10.4, 13.8) | 11.6 (10.0, 13.3) | 12.1 (10.0, 13.9) | 12.1 (10.6, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 15 | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2 | 1.22 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.90) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.78) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.65) | 0.086 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2 | 43 (28, 57) | 40 (27, 53) | 41 (28, 54) | 47 (31, 63) | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/mL | 2 | 138 (136, 140) | 138 (135, 141) | 138 (136, 140) | 139 (136, 140) | 0.162 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 144 | 798 (421, 1443) | 876 (477, 1570) | 845 (454, 1487) | 644 (354, 1185) | <0.001 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 0 | 820 (58.9) | 274 (59.0) | 275 (59.3) | 271 (58.5) | 0.944 |
| β-blocker | 0 | 701 (50.4) | 247 (53.2) | 226 (48.7) | 228 (49.2) | 0.558 |
| MRA | 0 | 640 (46.0) | 195 (42.0) | 223 (48.1) | 222 (47.9) | 0.091 |
| Physical activity before admission | 331 | <0.001 | ||||
| Minimum | 654 (47.0) | 259 (55.8) | 216 (46.6) | 179 (38.7) | ||
| Low | 126 (9.1) | 34 (7.3) | 47 (10.1) | 45 (9.7) | ||
| Adequate | 280 (20.1) | 52 (11.2) | 107 (23.1) | 121 (26.1) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Date of walking speed measurement | 0 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.101 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 0 | 0.70 (0.54, 0.88) | 0.48 (0.40, 0.54) | 0.70 (0.66, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| . | Missing data . | Overall (N = 1391) . | Slow (N = 464) . | Middle (N = 464) . | Fast (N = 463) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0 | 74 (65, 80) | 78 (70, 84) | 73 (64, 80) | 71 (61, 77) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 0 | 499 (35.9) | 231 (49.8) | 158 (34.1) | 110 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0 | 23.3 (20.8, 26.4) | 23.1 (20.5, 26.5) | 23.3 (21.0, 26.8) | 23.4 (21.2, 26.2) | |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | ||||||
| III/IV | 114 | 1226 (88.1) | 413 (89.0) | 413 (89.0) | 386 (83.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0 | 128 (108, 150) | 129 (107, 154) | 128 (108, 150) | 128 (109, 150) | 0.857 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 10 | 82 (70, 102) | 84 (70, 106) | 84 (70, 104) | 80 (70, 97) | 0.007 |
| LVEF, % | 90 | 40 (27, 56) | 40 (26, 56) | 38 (26, 55) | 40 (29, 56) | 0.250 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 | 967 (69.5) | 335 (72.2) | 319 (68.8) | 313 (67.6) | 0.286 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 622 (44.7) | 213 (45.9) | 207 (44.6) | 202 (43.6) | 0.783 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0 | 554 (39.8) | 182 (39.2) | 185 (39.9) | 187 (40.4) | 0.936 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 619 (44.5) | 200 (43.1) | 215 (46.3) | 204 (44.1) | 0.596 |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 0 | 413 (29.7) | 135 (29.1) | 134 (28.9) | 144 (31.1) | 0.717 |
| COPD | 0 | 67 (4.8) | 19 (4.1) | 29 (6.3) | 19 (4.1) | 0.210 |
| Stroke | 0 | 167 (12.0) | 82 (17.7) | 50 (10.8) | 35 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Prior HF admission, n (%) | 0 | 629 (45.2) | 221 (47.6) | 211 (45.5) | 216 (46.7) | 0.805 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 19 | 215 (15.5) | 53 (11.4) | 79 (17.0) | 83 (17.9) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 2 | 12.1 (10.4, 13.8) | 11.6 (10.0, 13.3) | 12.1 (10.0, 13.9) | 12.1 (10.6, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 15 | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2 | 1.22 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.90) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.78) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.65) | 0.086 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2 | 43 (28, 57) | 40 (27, 53) | 41 (28, 54) | 47 (31, 63) | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/mL | 2 | 138 (136, 140) | 138 (135, 141) | 138 (136, 140) | 139 (136, 140) | 0.162 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 144 | 798 (421, 1443) | 876 (477, 1570) | 845 (454, 1487) | 644 (354, 1185) | <0.001 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 0 | 820 (58.9) | 274 (59.0) | 275 (59.3) | 271 (58.5) | 0.944 |
| β-blocker | 0 | 701 (50.4) | 247 (53.2) | 226 (48.7) | 228 (49.2) | 0.558 |
| MRA | 0 | 640 (46.0) | 195 (42.0) | 223 (48.1) | 222 (47.9) | 0.091 |
| Physical activity before admission | 331 | <0.001 | ||||
| Minimum | 654 (47.0) | 259 (55.8) | 216 (46.6) | 179 (38.7) | ||
| Low | 126 (9.1) | 34 (7.3) | 47 (10.1) | 45 (9.7) | ||
| Adequate | 280 (20.1) | 52 (11.2) | 107 (23.1) | 121 (26.1) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Date of walking speed measurement | 0 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.101 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 0 | 0.70 (0.54, 0.88) | 0.48 (0.40, 0.54) | 0.70 (0.66, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) and number (%). Walking speed was classified according to tertile.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
| . | Missing data . | Overall (N = 1391) . | Slow (N = 464) . | Middle (N = 464) . | Fast (N = 463) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0 | 74 (65, 80) | 78 (70, 84) | 73 (64, 80) | 71 (61, 77) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 0 | 499 (35.9) | 231 (49.8) | 158 (34.1) | 110 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0 | 23.3 (20.8, 26.4) | 23.1 (20.5, 26.5) | 23.3 (21.0, 26.8) | 23.4 (21.2, 26.2) | |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | ||||||
| III/IV | 114 | 1226 (88.1) | 413 (89.0) | 413 (89.0) | 386 (83.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0 | 128 (108, 150) | 129 (107, 154) | 128 (108, 150) | 128 (109, 150) | 0.857 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 10 | 82 (70, 102) | 84 (70, 106) | 84 (70, 104) | 80 (70, 97) | 0.007 |
| LVEF, % | 90 | 40 (27, 56) | 40 (26, 56) | 38 (26, 55) | 40 (29, 56) | 0.250 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 | 967 (69.5) | 335 (72.2) | 319 (68.8) | 313 (67.6) | 0.286 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 622 (44.7) | 213 (45.9) | 207 (44.6) | 202 (43.6) | 0.783 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0 | 554 (39.8) | 182 (39.2) | 185 (39.9) | 187 (40.4) | 0.936 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 619 (44.5) | 200 (43.1) | 215 (46.3) | 204 (44.1) | 0.596 |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 0 | 413 (29.7) | 135 (29.1) | 134 (28.9) | 144 (31.1) | 0.717 |
| COPD | 0 | 67 (4.8) | 19 (4.1) | 29 (6.3) | 19 (4.1) | 0.210 |
| Stroke | 0 | 167 (12.0) | 82 (17.7) | 50 (10.8) | 35 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Prior HF admission, n (%) | 0 | 629 (45.2) | 221 (47.6) | 211 (45.5) | 216 (46.7) | 0.805 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 19 | 215 (15.5) | 53 (11.4) | 79 (17.0) | 83 (17.9) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 2 | 12.1 (10.4, 13.8) | 11.6 (10.0, 13.3) | 12.1 (10.0, 13.9) | 12.1 (10.6, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 15 | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2 | 1.22 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.90) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.78) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.65) | 0.086 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2 | 43 (28, 57) | 40 (27, 53) | 41 (28, 54) | 47 (31, 63) | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/mL | 2 | 138 (136, 140) | 138 (135, 141) | 138 (136, 140) | 139 (136, 140) | 0.162 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 144 | 798 (421, 1443) | 876 (477, 1570) | 845 (454, 1487) | 644 (354, 1185) | <0.001 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 0 | 820 (58.9) | 274 (59.0) | 275 (59.3) | 271 (58.5) | 0.944 |
| β-blocker | 0 | 701 (50.4) | 247 (53.2) | 226 (48.7) | 228 (49.2) | 0.558 |
| MRA | 0 | 640 (46.0) | 195 (42.0) | 223 (48.1) | 222 (47.9) | 0.091 |
| Physical activity before admission | 331 | <0.001 | ||||
| Minimum | 654 (47.0) | 259 (55.8) | 216 (46.6) | 179 (38.7) | ||
| Low | 126 (9.1) | 34 (7.3) | 47 (10.1) | 45 (9.7) | ||
| Adequate | 280 (20.1) | 52 (11.2) | 107 (23.1) | 121 (26.1) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Date of walking speed measurement | 0 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.101 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 0 | 0.70 (0.54, 0.88) | 0.48 (0.40, 0.54) | 0.70 (0.66, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| . | Missing data . | Overall (N = 1391) . | Slow (N = 464) . | Middle (N = 464) . | Fast (N = 463) . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 0 | 74 (65, 80) | 78 (70, 84) | 73 (64, 80) | 71 (61, 77) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 0 | 499 (35.9) | 231 (49.8) | 158 (34.1) | 110 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0 | 23.3 (20.8, 26.4) | 23.1 (20.5, 26.5) | 23.3 (21.0, 26.8) | 23.4 (21.2, 26.2) | |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | ||||||
| III/IV | 114 | 1226 (88.1) | 413 (89.0) | 413 (89.0) | 386 (83.4) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 0 | 128 (108, 150) | 129 (107, 154) | 128 (108, 150) | 128 (109, 150) | 0.857 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 10 | 82 (70, 102) | 84 (70, 106) | 84 (70, 104) | 80 (70, 97) | 0.007 |
| LVEF, % | 90 | 40 (27, 56) | 40 (26, 56) | 38 (26, 55) | 40 (29, 56) | 0.250 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 | 967 (69.5) | 335 (72.2) | 319 (68.8) | 313 (67.6) | 0.286 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 622 (44.7) | 213 (45.9) | 207 (44.6) | 202 (43.6) | 0.783 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0 | 554 (39.8) | 182 (39.2) | 185 (39.9) | 187 (40.4) | 0.936 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 | 619 (44.5) | 200 (43.1) | 215 (46.3) | 204 (44.1) | 0.596 |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 0 | 413 (29.7) | 135 (29.1) | 134 (28.9) | 144 (31.1) | 0.717 |
| COPD | 0 | 67 (4.8) | 19 (4.1) | 29 (6.3) | 19 (4.1) | 0.210 |
| Stroke | 0 | 167 (12.0) | 82 (17.7) | 50 (10.8) | 35 (7.6) | 0.002 |
| Prior HF admission, n (%) | 0 | 629 (45.2) | 221 (47.6) | 211 (45.5) | 216 (46.7) | 0.805 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 19 | 215 (15.5) | 53 (11.4) | 79 (17.0) | 83 (17.9) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 2 | 12.1 (10.4, 13.8) | 11.6 (10.0, 13.3) | 12.1 (10.0, 13.9) | 12.1 (10.6, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 15 | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6) | 3.4 (3.1, 3.7) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2 | 1.22 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.90) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.78) | 1.18 (0.89, 1.65) | 0.086 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 2 | 43 (28, 57) | 40 (27, 53) | 41 (28, 54) | 47 (31, 63) | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mEq/mL | 2 | 138 (136, 140) | 138 (135, 141) | 138 (136, 140) | 139 (136, 140) | 0.162 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 144 | 798 (421, 1443) | 876 (477, 1570) | 845 (454, 1487) | 644 (354, 1185) | <0.001 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 0 | 820 (58.9) | 274 (59.0) | 275 (59.3) | 271 (58.5) | 0.944 |
| β-blocker | 0 | 701 (50.4) | 247 (53.2) | 226 (48.7) | 228 (49.2) | 0.558 |
| MRA | 0 | 640 (46.0) | 195 (42.0) | 223 (48.1) | 222 (47.9) | 0.091 |
| Physical activity before admission | 331 | <0.001 | ||||
| Minimum | 654 (47.0) | 259 (55.8) | 216 (46.6) | 179 (38.7) | ||
| Low | 126 (9.1) | 34 (7.3) | 47 (10.1) | 45 (9.7) | ||
| Adequate | 280 (20.1) | 52 (11.2) | 107 (23.1) | 121 (26.1) | ||
| High | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Date of walking speed measurement | 0 | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.101 |
| Walking speed, m/s | 0 | 0.70 (0.54, 0.88) | 0.48 (0.40, 0.54) | 0.70 (0.66, 0.76) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) and number (%). Walking speed was classified according to tertile.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
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