Clinical Description and Outcome of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)–Challenged Nonhuman Primates
| Subject No. . | Sex . | Route . | Dose, PFU . | Clinical Illness . | Clinical Pathology . | Viremia Level, Log10 PFU/mL . | Anti-ZEBOV IgG Titer . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | M | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 1:100 (21); 1:50 (28) | |
| O-2 | F | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-1 | M | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-2 | F | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| O-3 | M | Oral | 100 | Fever (d 7), loss of appetite (d 7–9), depression (d 7, 8), mild rash (d 7, 8), emesis (d 7), hematemesis (d 8), animal euthanized in the morning of d 8 | Leukocytosis (d 7, 8), thrombocytopenia (d 7, 8), hypoalbuminemia (d 8), >2-fold increase in ALT level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALT level (d 8), >8-fold increase in AST level (d 7), >10-fold increase in AST level (d 8), >4-fold increase in ALP level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALP level (d 8), >8-fold increase in BUN level (d 8), >5-fold increase in CRE level (d 8), >3-fold increase in GGT level (d 7), >6-fold increase in GGT level (d 8), >4-fold increase in CRP level (d 5), >10-fold increase in CRP level (d 7, 8) | 6.60 (d5); 8.75 (d7); 8.79 (d8) | NT |
| C-3 | M | Conjunctival | 100 | Loss of appetite (d 10), survived | Lymphopenia (d 7) | 1.70 (d14) | 1:50 (21) |
| Subject No. . | Sex . | Route . | Dose, PFU . | Clinical Illness . | Clinical Pathology . | Viremia Level, Log10 PFU/mL . | Anti-ZEBOV IgG Titer . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | M | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 1:100 (21); 1:50 (28) | |
| O-2 | F | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-1 | M | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-2 | F | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| O-3 | M | Oral | 100 | Fever (d 7), loss of appetite (d 7–9), depression (d 7, 8), mild rash (d 7, 8), emesis (d 7), hematemesis (d 8), animal euthanized in the morning of d 8 | Leukocytosis (d 7, 8), thrombocytopenia (d 7, 8), hypoalbuminemia (d 8), >2-fold increase in ALT level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALT level (d 8), >8-fold increase in AST level (d 7), >10-fold increase in AST level (d 8), >4-fold increase in ALP level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALP level (d 8), >8-fold increase in BUN level (d 8), >5-fold increase in CRE level (d 8), >3-fold increase in GGT level (d 7), >6-fold increase in GGT level (d 8), >4-fold increase in CRP level (d 5), >10-fold increase in CRP level (d 7, 8) | 6.60 (d5); 8.75 (d7); 8.79 (d8) | NT |
| C-3 | M | Conjunctival | 100 | Loss of appetite (d 10), survived | Lymphopenia (d 7) | 1.70 (d14) | 1:50 (21) |
Days after ZEBOV challenge are in parentheses. Fever is defined as a temperature >1.4°C higher than the baseline level or either ≥0.7°C higher than baseline and ≥39.7°C or 0.6°C higher than baseline and ≥40°C. Mild rash is characterized by focal areas of petechiae covering <10% of the skin. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are defined as a ≥35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes and platelets, respectively. Leukocytosis is defined by a ≥2-fold increase in the white blood cell count, compared with baseline. Hypoalbuminemia is defined by a ≥35% decrease in levels of albumin.
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRE, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; GGT, γ glutamyl transferase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; NT, not tested; PFU, plaque-forming units.
Clinical Description and Outcome of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)–Challenged Nonhuman Primates
| Subject No. . | Sex . | Route . | Dose, PFU . | Clinical Illness . | Clinical Pathology . | Viremia Level, Log10 PFU/mL . | Anti-ZEBOV IgG Titer . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | M | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 1:100 (21); 1:50 (28) | |
| O-2 | F | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-1 | M | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-2 | F | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| O-3 | M | Oral | 100 | Fever (d 7), loss of appetite (d 7–9), depression (d 7, 8), mild rash (d 7, 8), emesis (d 7), hematemesis (d 8), animal euthanized in the morning of d 8 | Leukocytosis (d 7, 8), thrombocytopenia (d 7, 8), hypoalbuminemia (d 8), >2-fold increase in ALT level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALT level (d 8), >8-fold increase in AST level (d 7), >10-fold increase in AST level (d 8), >4-fold increase in ALP level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALP level (d 8), >8-fold increase in BUN level (d 8), >5-fold increase in CRE level (d 8), >3-fold increase in GGT level (d 7), >6-fold increase in GGT level (d 8), >4-fold increase in CRP level (d 5), >10-fold increase in CRP level (d 7, 8) | 6.60 (d5); 8.75 (d7); 8.79 (d8) | NT |
| C-3 | M | Conjunctival | 100 | Loss of appetite (d 10), survived | Lymphopenia (d 7) | 1.70 (d14) | 1:50 (21) |
| Subject No. . | Sex . | Route . | Dose, PFU . | Clinical Illness . | Clinical Pathology . | Viremia Level, Log10 PFU/mL . | Anti-ZEBOV IgG Titer . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | M | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 1:100 (21); 1:50 (28) | |
| O-2 | F | Oral | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-1 | M | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| C-2 | F | Conjunctival | 10 | None, survived | None | 0 (21, 28) | |
| O-3 | M | Oral | 100 | Fever (d 7), loss of appetite (d 7–9), depression (d 7, 8), mild rash (d 7, 8), emesis (d 7), hematemesis (d 8), animal euthanized in the morning of d 8 | Leukocytosis (d 7, 8), thrombocytopenia (d 7, 8), hypoalbuminemia (d 8), >2-fold increase in ALT level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALT level (d 8), >8-fold increase in AST level (d 7), >10-fold increase in AST level (d 8), >4-fold increase in ALP level (d 7), >7-fold increase in ALP level (d 8), >8-fold increase in BUN level (d 8), >5-fold increase in CRE level (d 8), >3-fold increase in GGT level (d 7), >6-fold increase in GGT level (d 8), >4-fold increase in CRP level (d 5), >10-fold increase in CRP level (d 7, 8) | 6.60 (d5); 8.75 (d7); 8.79 (d8) | NT |
| C-3 | M | Conjunctival | 100 | Loss of appetite (d 10), survived | Lymphopenia (d 7) | 1.70 (d14) | 1:50 (21) |
Days after ZEBOV challenge are in parentheses. Fever is defined as a temperature >1.4°C higher than the baseline level or either ≥0.7°C higher than baseline and ≥39.7°C or 0.6°C higher than baseline and ≥40°C. Mild rash is characterized by focal areas of petechiae covering <10% of the skin. Lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are defined as a ≥35% drop in numbers of lymphocytes and platelets, respectively. Leukocytosis is defined by a ≥2-fold increase in the white blood cell count, compared with baseline. Hypoalbuminemia is defined by a ≥35% decrease in levels of albumin.
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRE, creatinine; CRP, C-reactive protein; GGT, γ glutamyl transferase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; NT, not tested; PFU, plaque-forming units.
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