Table 1: Open in new tab Post-hoc...

	Era 1	Era 2	Era 3	Era 4	Era 5	Era 6	Era 7	Era 8
Era 1 40.9 (35.3–46.4)		0.575	0.107	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Era 2 34.2 (29.8–38.5)	0.062		0.898	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.002
Era 3 29.2 (23.2–35.1)	0.006	0.193		0.005	<0.001	0.085	0.049	0.098
Era 4 14.9 (10.4–19.3)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.960	0.997	1.000	1.000
Era 5 11.6 (7.8–15.4)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.277		0.649	0.986	0.881
Era 6 17.3 (12.1–22.6)	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.477	0.079		0.999	1.000
Era 7 14.8 (8.8–20.8)	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.991	0.365	0.541		1.000
Era 8 16.3 (10.4–22.3)	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.696	0.178	0.806	0.727
All eras 24.7 (22.8–26.6)

Era 1

Era 2

Era 3

Era 4

Era 5

Era 6

Era 7

Era 8

Mortality rate

1984–1988

1989–1993

1994–1998

1999–2003

2004–2008

2009–2014

2015–2018

2019–2022

π (95% CI)

(n = 301)

(n = 448)

(n = 223)

(n = 249)

(n = 275)

(n = 202)

(n = 135)

(n = 146)

Era 1 40.9 (35.3–46.4)

0.575

0.107

<0.001

Era 2 34.2 (29.8–38.5)

0.062

0.898

<0.001

0.001

0.002

Era 3 29.2 (23.2–35.1)

0.006

0.193

0.005

<0.001

0.085

0.049

0.098

Era 4 14.9 (10.4–19.3)

<0.001

0.960

0.997

1.000

Era 5 11.6 (7.8–15.4)

<0.001

0.277

0.649

0.986

0.881

Era 6 17.3 (12.1–22.6)

<0.001

0.004

0.477

0.079

0.999

1.000

Era 7 14.8 (8.8–20.8)

<0.001

0.002

0.991

0.365

0.541

1.000

Era 8 16.3 (10.4–22.3)

<0.001

0.005

0.696

0.178

0.806

0.727

All eras 24.7 (22.8–26.6)

	Era 1	Era 2	Era 3	Era 4	Era 5	Era 6	Era 7	Era 8
Era 1 40.9 (35.3–46.4)		0.575	0.107	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Era 2 34.2 (29.8–38.5)	0.062		0.898	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.002
Era 3 29.2 (23.2–35.1)	0.006	0.193		0.005	<0.001	0.085	0.049	0.098
Era 4 14.9 (10.4–19.3)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.960	0.997	1.000	1.000
Era 5 11.6 (7.8–15.4)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.277		0.649	0.986	0.881
Era 6 17.3 (12.1–22.6)	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.477	0.079		0.999	1.000
Era 7 14.8 (8.8–20.8)	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.991	0.365	0.541		1.000
Era 8 16.3 (10.4–22.3)	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.696	0.178	0.806	0.727
All eras 24.7 (22.8–26.6)

Table 1:

Open in new tab

Post-hoc comparison of morality rates across eras (n = 1979)

	Era 1	Era 2	Era 3	Era 4	Era 5	Era 6	Era 7	Era 8
Mortality rate	1984–1988	1989–1993	1994–1998	1999–2003	2004–2008	2009–2014	2015–2018	2019–2022
π (95% CI)	(n = 301)	(n = 448)	(n = 223)	(n = 249)	(n = 275)	(n = 202)	(n = 135)	(n = 146)
Era 1 40.9 (35.3–46.4)		0.575	0.107	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Era 2 34.2 (29.8–38.5)	0.062		0.898	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.002
Era 3 29.2 (23.2–35.1)	0.006	0.193		0.005	<0.001	0.085	0.049	0.098
Era 4 14.9 (10.4–19.3)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.960	0.997	1.000	1.000
Era 5 11.6 (7.8–15.4)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.277		0.649	0.986	0.881
Era 6 17.3 (12.1–22.6)	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.477	0.079		0.999	1.000
Era 7 14.8 (8.8–20.8)	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.991	0.365	0.541		1.000
Era 8 16.3 (10.4–22.3)	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.696	0.178	0.806	0.727
All eras 24.7 (22.8–26.6)

	Era 1	Era 2	Era 3	Era 4	Era 5	Era 6	Era 7	Era 8
Mortality rate	1984–1988	1989–1993	1994–1998	1999–2003	2004–2008	2009–2014	2015–2018	2019–2022
π (95% CI)	(n = 301)	(n = 448)	(n = 223)	(n = 249)	(n = 275)	(n = 202)	(n = 135)	(n = 146)
Era 1 40.9 (35.3–46.4)		0.575	0.107	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Era 2 34.2 (29.8–38.5)	0.062		0.898	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	0.002
Era 3 29.2 (23.2–35.1)	0.006	0.193		0.005	<0.001	0.085	0.049	0.098
Era 4 14.9 (10.4–19.3)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		0.960	0.997	1.000	1.000
Era 5 11.6 (7.8–15.4)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.277		0.649	0.986	0.881
Era 6 17.3 (12.1–22.6)	<0.001	<0.001	0.004	0.477	0.079		0.999	1.000
Era 7 14.8 (8.8–20.8)	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.991	0.365	0.541		1.000
Era 8 16.3 (10.4–22.3)	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	0.696	0.178	0.806	0.727
All eras 24.7 (22.8–26.6)

π: mortality rate/proportion of deceased patients relative to all patients surgically treated in a given era. Significance values adjusted for multiplicity of inter-era comparisons are presented above the principal diagonal, while the ‘unadjusted’ significance values for the same comparisons are presented below the diagonal.

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