| Variable . | All patients (N = 80) . | Non-severe MR (N = 51) . | Dynamic severe MR (N = 12) . | Severe MR at rest (N = 17) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 67 ± 15 | 69 ± 16 | 65 ± 8 | 63 ± 12 | 0.350 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126 ± 17 | 126 ± 20 | 131 ± 15 | 121 ± 17 | 0.383 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 17 | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | 0.737 |
| RPP (mmHg × min−1) | 8391 ± 2093 | 8549 ± 2055 | 8462 ± 1325 | 7532 ± 1288 | 0.140 |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 61 ± 20 | 59 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 72 ± 24 | 0.055 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 54 ± 17 | 53 ± 18 | 58 ± 19 | 57 ± 12 | 0.540 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 23 ± 9 | 23 ± 10 | 25 ± 9 | 24 ± 7 | 0.789 |
| LVSVi (mL/m2) | 31 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 34 ± 10 | 32 ± 8 | 0.420 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 7 | 59 ± 10 | 58 ± 7 | 0.892 |
| Forward LVSVi (mL/m2) | 37 ± 12 | 37 ± 15 | 39 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 0.495 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.387 |
| RAVi (mL/m2) | 50 ± 26 | 46 ± 25 | 44 ± 11 | 61 ± 34 | 0.128 |
| RVEDDi (mm/m2) | 22 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.097 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 21 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.266 |
| FAC (%) | 42 ± 9 | 42 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | 44 ± 10 | 0.232 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 43 ± 13 | 42 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 41 ± 11 | 0.588 |
| MR | <0.001 | ||||
| Mild, n (%) | 43 (53.8) | 40 (78.4) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 20 (25.0) | 11 (21.6) | 9 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (21.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (100.0) | |
| MR VC (mm) | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | <0.001a,b |
| MR EROA (cm2) | 0.18 ± 0.6 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | <0.001a,b,c |
| MR vol (mL) | 30 ± 10 | 26 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | 47 ± 11 | <0.001a,b,c |
| Annulus systole (mm) | 36 ± 4 | 34 ± 4 | 36 ± 4 | 39 ± 4 | <0.001a |
| Annulus diastole (mm) | 38 ± 4 | 33 ± 3 | 38 ± 4 | 41 ± 3 | <0.001a |
| Annulus fractional change (%) | 5.6 ± 6.0 | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 3.8 ± 5.0 | 0.226 |
| AML length (mm) | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 3 | 0.532 |
| PML length (mm) | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 0.129 |
| LAI | 1.12 ± 0.2 | 1.17 ± 0.18 | 1.05 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.1 | 0.039c |
| Symmetric tethering, n (%) | 66 (82.5) | 42 (82.4) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (82.4) | 0.997 |
| AML angle (°) | 158.8 ± 7.7 | 158.9 ± 8.0 | 160.0 ± 6.7 | 157.5 ± 7.7 | 0.677 |
| PML angle (°) | 154.1 ± 8.7 | 154.0 ± 8.5 | 154.0 ± 10.2 | 154.4 ± 8.5 | 0.985 |
| TR grade (n) | 0.767 | ||||
| No TR, n (%) | 8 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Mild, n (%) | 34 (42.5) | 22 (43.1) | 5 (46.2) | 7 (35.3) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (25.5) | 5 (30.8) | 3 (29.4) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 15 (18.8) | 9 (18.0) | 1 (15.4) | 5 (30.8) |
| Variable . | All patients (N = 80) . | Non-severe MR (N = 51) . | Dynamic severe MR (N = 12) . | Severe MR at rest (N = 17) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 67 ± 15 | 69 ± 16 | 65 ± 8 | 63 ± 12 | 0.350 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126 ± 17 | 126 ± 20 | 131 ± 15 | 121 ± 17 | 0.383 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 17 | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | 0.737 |
| RPP (mmHg × min−1) | 8391 ± 2093 | 8549 ± 2055 | 8462 ± 1325 | 7532 ± 1288 | 0.140 |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 61 ± 20 | 59 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 72 ± 24 | 0.055 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 54 ± 17 | 53 ± 18 | 58 ± 19 | 57 ± 12 | 0.540 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 23 ± 9 | 23 ± 10 | 25 ± 9 | 24 ± 7 | 0.789 |
| LVSVi (mL/m2) | 31 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 34 ± 10 | 32 ± 8 | 0.420 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 7 | 59 ± 10 | 58 ± 7 | 0.892 |
| Forward LVSVi (mL/m2) | 37 ± 12 | 37 ± 15 | 39 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 0.495 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.387 |
| RAVi (mL/m2) | 50 ± 26 | 46 ± 25 | 44 ± 11 | 61 ± 34 | 0.128 |
| RVEDDi (mm/m2) | 22 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.097 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 21 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.266 |
| FAC (%) | 42 ± 9 | 42 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | 44 ± 10 | 0.232 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 43 ± 13 | 42 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 41 ± 11 | 0.588 |
| MR | <0.001 | ||||
| Mild, n (%) | 43 (53.8) | 40 (78.4) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 20 (25.0) | 11 (21.6) | 9 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (21.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (100.0) | |
| MR VC (mm) | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | <0.001a,b |
| MR EROA (cm2) | 0.18 ± 0.6 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | <0.001a,b,c |
| MR vol (mL) | 30 ± 10 | 26 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | 47 ± 11 | <0.001a,b,c |
| Annulus systole (mm) | 36 ± 4 | 34 ± 4 | 36 ± 4 | 39 ± 4 | <0.001a |
| Annulus diastole (mm) | 38 ± 4 | 33 ± 3 | 38 ± 4 | 41 ± 3 | <0.001a |
| Annulus fractional change (%) | 5.6 ± 6.0 | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 3.8 ± 5.0 | 0.226 |
| AML length (mm) | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 3 | 0.532 |
| PML length (mm) | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 0.129 |
| LAI | 1.12 ± 0.2 | 1.17 ± 0.18 | 1.05 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.1 | 0.039c |
| Symmetric tethering, n (%) | 66 (82.5) | 42 (82.4) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (82.4) | 0.997 |
| AML angle (°) | 158.8 ± 7.7 | 158.9 ± 8.0 | 160.0 ± 6.7 | 157.5 ± 7.7 | 0.677 |
| PML angle (°) | 154.1 ± 8.7 | 154.0 ± 8.5 | 154.0 ± 10.2 | 154.4 ± 8.5 | 0.985 |
| TR grade (n) | 0.767 | ||||
| No TR, n (%) | 8 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Mild, n (%) | 34 (42.5) | 22 (43.1) | 5 (46.2) | 7 (35.3) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (25.5) | 5 (30.8) | 3 (29.4) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 15 (18.8) | 9 (18.0) | 1 (15.4) | 5 (30.8) |
BP, blood pressure; RPP, rate pressure product; LVSVi, LV stroke volume index; RAVi, right atrial volume index; RVEDDi, RV end-diastolic diameter index; vol, volume; .
aNon-severe MR vs. severe MR at rest.
bDynamic severe MR vs. severe MR at rest.
cNon-severe MR vs. dynamic severe MR.
| Variable . | All patients (N = 80) . | Non-severe MR (N = 51) . | Dynamic severe MR (N = 12) . | Severe MR at rest (N = 17) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 67 ± 15 | 69 ± 16 | 65 ± 8 | 63 ± 12 | 0.350 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126 ± 17 | 126 ± 20 | 131 ± 15 | 121 ± 17 | 0.383 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 17 | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | 0.737 |
| RPP (mmHg × min−1) | 8391 ± 2093 | 8549 ± 2055 | 8462 ± 1325 | 7532 ± 1288 | 0.140 |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 61 ± 20 | 59 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 72 ± 24 | 0.055 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 54 ± 17 | 53 ± 18 | 58 ± 19 | 57 ± 12 | 0.540 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 23 ± 9 | 23 ± 10 | 25 ± 9 | 24 ± 7 | 0.789 |
| LVSVi (mL/m2) | 31 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 34 ± 10 | 32 ± 8 | 0.420 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 7 | 59 ± 10 | 58 ± 7 | 0.892 |
| Forward LVSVi (mL/m2) | 37 ± 12 | 37 ± 15 | 39 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 0.495 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.387 |
| RAVi (mL/m2) | 50 ± 26 | 46 ± 25 | 44 ± 11 | 61 ± 34 | 0.128 |
| RVEDDi (mm/m2) | 22 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.097 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 21 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.266 |
| FAC (%) | 42 ± 9 | 42 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | 44 ± 10 | 0.232 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 43 ± 13 | 42 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 41 ± 11 | 0.588 |
| MR | <0.001 | ||||
| Mild, n (%) | 43 (53.8) | 40 (78.4) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 20 (25.0) | 11 (21.6) | 9 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (21.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (100.0) | |
| MR VC (mm) | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | <0.001a,b |
| MR EROA (cm2) | 0.18 ± 0.6 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | <0.001a,b,c |
| MR vol (mL) | 30 ± 10 | 26 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | 47 ± 11 | <0.001a,b,c |
| Annulus systole (mm) | 36 ± 4 | 34 ± 4 | 36 ± 4 | 39 ± 4 | <0.001a |
| Annulus diastole (mm) | 38 ± 4 | 33 ± 3 | 38 ± 4 | 41 ± 3 | <0.001a |
| Annulus fractional change (%) | 5.6 ± 6.0 | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 3.8 ± 5.0 | 0.226 |
| AML length (mm) | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 3 | 0.532 |
| PML length (mm) | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 0.129 |
| LAI | 1.12 ± 0.2 | 1.17 ± 0.18 | 1.05 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.1 | 0.039c |
| Symmetric tethering, n (%) | 66 (82.5) | 42 (82.4) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (82.4) | 0.997 |
| AML angle (°) | 158.8 ± 7.7 | 158.9 ± 8.0 | 160.0 ± 6.7 | 157.5 ± 7.7 | 0.677 |
| PML angle (°) | 154.1 ± 8.7 | 154.0 ± 8.5 | 154.0 ± 10.2 | 154.4 ± 8.5 | 0.985 |
| TR grade (n) | 0.767 | ||||
| No TR, n (%) | 8 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Mild, n (%) | 34 (42.5) | 22 (43.1) | 5 (46.2) | 7 (35.3) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (25.5) | 5 (30.8) | 3 (29.4) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 15 (18.8) | 9 (18.0) | 1 (15.4) | 5 (30.8) |
| Variable . | All patients (N = 80) . | Non-severe MR (N = 51) . | Dynamic severe MR (N = 12) . | Severe MR at rest (N = 17) . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (bpm) | 67 ± 15 | 69 ± 16 | 65 ± 8 | 63 ± 12 | 0.350 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126 ± 17 | 126 ± 20 | 131 ± 15 | 121 ± 17 | 0.383 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69 ± 13 | 70 ± 17 | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | 0.737 |
| RPP (mmHg × min−1) | 8391 ± 2093 | 8549 ± 2055 | 8462 ± 1325 | 7532 ± 1288 | 0.140 |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 61 ± 20 | 59 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 72 ± 24 | 0.055 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 54 ± 17 | 53 ± 18 | 58 ± 19 | 57 ± 12 | 0.540 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 23 ± 9 | 23 ± 10 | 25 ± 9 | 24 ± 7 | 0.789 |
| LVSVi (mL/m2) | 31 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 34 ± 10 | 32 ± 8 | 0.420 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 7 | 59 ± 10 | 58 ± 7 | 0.892 |
| Forward LVSVi (mL/m2) | 37 ± 12 | 37 ± 15 | 39 ± 8 | 33 ± 7 | 0.495 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.387 |
| RAVi (mL/m2) | 50 ± 26 | 46 ± 25 | 44 ± 11 | 61 ± 34 | 0.128 |
| RVEDDi (mm/m2) | 22 ± 5 | 21 ± 4 | 22 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.097 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 21 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 | 0.266 |
| FAC (%) | 42 ± 9 | 42 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | 44 ± 10 | 0.232 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 43 ± 13 | 42 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 41 ± 11 | 0.588 |
| MR | <0.001 | ||||
| Mild, n (%) | 43 (53.8) | 40 (78.4) | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 20 (25.0) | 11 (21.6) | 9 (75.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 17 (21.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (100.0) | |
| MR VC (mm) | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | <0.001a,b |
| MR EROA (cm2) | 0.18 ± 0.6 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | <0.001a,b,c |
| MR vol (mL) | 30 ± 10 | 26 ± 7 | 36 ± 8 | 47 ± 11 | <0.001a,b,c |
| Annulus systole (mm) | 36 ± 4 | 34 ± 4 | 36 ± 4 | 39 ± 4 | <0.001a |
| Annulus diastole (mm) | 38 ± 4 | 33 ± 3 | 38 ± 4 | 41 ± 3 | <0.001a |
| Annulus fractional change (%) | 5.6 ± 6.0 | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 3.8 ± 5.0 | 0.226 |
| AML length (mm) | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 3 | 0.532 |
| PML length (mm) | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 16 ± 3 | 0.129 |
| LAI | 1.12 ± 0.2 | 1.17 ± 0.18 | 1.05 ± 0.15 | 1.08 ± 0.1 | 0.039c |
| Symmetric tethering, n (%) | 66 (82.5) | 42 (82.4) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (82.4) | 0.997 |
| AML angle (°) | 158.8 ± 7.7 | 158.9 ± 8.0 | 160.0 ± 6.7 | 157.5 ± 7.7 | 0.677 |
| PML angle (°) | 154.1 ± 8.7 | 154.0 ± 8.5 | 154.0 ± 10.2 | 154.4 ± 8.5 | 0.985 |
| TR grade (n) | 0.767 | ||||
| No TR, n (%) | 8 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Mild, n (%) | 34 (42.5) | 22 (43.1) | 5 (46.2) | 7 (35.3) | |
| Moderate, n (%) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (25.5) | 5 (30.8) | 3 (29.4) | |
| Severe, n (%) | 15 (18.8) | 9 (18.0) | 1 (15.4) | 5 (30.8) |
BP, blood pressure; RPP, rate pressure product; LVSVi, LV stroke volume index; RAVi, right atrial volume index; RVEDDi, RV end-diastolic diameter index; vol, volume; .
aNon-severe MR vs. severe MR at rest.
bDynamic severe MR vs. severe MR at rest.
cNon-severe MR vs. dynamic severe MR.
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