Clinical characteristics and demographics of the study patients according to disease status and severity.
| Characteristics . | SARS-CoV-2 status . | COVID-19 severity . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2(+) . | SARS-COV-2 (−) . | P-value . | Nonsevere . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||||
| n = 50 (%) . | n = 30 (%) . | n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||||||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | ||
| Age ≤50 years | Age >50 years | 21/49 (43) | 28/49 (57) | 30/30 (100) | 0/30 (0) | <0.001 | 17/38 (45) | 21/38 (55) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.62 |
| Female | Male | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 14/30 (47) | 16/30 (53) | 0.81 | 19/39 (49) | 2039 (51) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.20 |
| Diabetic | Nondiabetic | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | <0.001 | 21/39 (54) | 18/39 (46) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.008 |
| Heart disease | No heart disease | 8/50 (16) | 42/50 (84) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.02 | 6/39 (15) | 33/39 (85) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | No hypertension | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 21/39 (54) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (67) | 0.56 |
| BMI ≤ 35 | BMI > 35 | 30/48 (62.5) | 18/48 (37.5) | 27/30 (90) | 3/30 (10) | 0.008 | 24/38 (63) | 14/38 (37) | 6/10 (60) | 4/10 (40) | 0.85 |
| Smokers | Nonsmokers | 1/50 (2) | 49/50 (98) | 17/27 (63) | 10/27 (37) | <0.001 | 0/39 (0) | 39/39 (100) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.05 |
| Chronic cough | No chronic cough | 49/50 (98) | 1/50 (2) | 29/29 (100) | 0/29 (0) | 0.44 | 38/39 (97) | 1/39 (3) | 11/11 (100) | 0/11 (0) | 0.59 |
| Chest pain | No chest pain | 12/50 (24) | 38/50 (76) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | 0.13 | 8/39 (21) | 31/39 (79) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.27 |
| Arthritis | No arthritis | 10/50 (20) | 40/50 (80) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | 0.03 | 9/39 (23) | 30/39 (77) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.30 |
| Cancer | No cancer | 3/50 (6) | 47/50 (94) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.17 | 3/39 (8) | 36/39 (92) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.34 |
| Asthma | No asthma | 5/50 (10) | 45/50 (90) | 0/29 (0) | 29/29 (100) | 0.07 | 5/39 (13) | 34/39 (87) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.21 |
| Medication in the past 2 years | No medication in the past 2 years | 20/50 (40) | 6/50 (12) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 4/39 (10) | 2/11 (18) | 2/11 (18) | 0.24 |
| Characteristics . | SARS-CoV-2 status . | COVID-19 severity . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2(+) . | SARS-COV-2 (−) . | P-value . | Nonsevere . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||||
| n = 50 (%) . | n = 30 (%) . | n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||||||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | ||
| Age ≤50 years | Age >50 years | 21/49 (43) | 28/49 (57) | 30/30 (100) | 0/30 (0) | <0.001 | 17/38 (45) | 21/38 (55) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.62 |
| Female | Male | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 14/30 (47) | 16/30 (53) | 0.81 | 19/39 (49) | 2039 (51) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.20 |
| Diabetic | Nondiabetic | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | <0.001 | 21/39 (54) | 18/39 (46) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.008 |
| Heart disease | No heart disease | 8/50 (16) | 42/50 (84) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.02 | 6/39 (15) | 33/39 (85) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | No hypertension | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 21/39 (54) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (67) | 0.56 |
| BMI ≤ 35 | BMI > 35 | 30/48 (62.5) | 18/48 (37.5) | 27/30 (90) | 3/30 (10) | 0.008 | 24/38 (63) | 14/38 (37) | 6/10 (60) | 4/10 (40) | 0.85 |
| Smokers | Nonsmokers | 1/50 (2) | 49/50 (98) | 17/27 (63) | 10/27 (37) | <0.001 | 0/39 (0) | 39/39 (100) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.05 |
| Chronic cough | No chronic cough | 49/50 (98) | 1/50 (2) | 29/29 (100) | 0/29 (0) | 0.44 | 38/39 (97) | 1/39 (3) | 11/11 (100) | 0/11 (0) | 0.59 |
| Chest pain | No chest pain | 12/50 (24) | 38/50 (76) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | 0.13 | 8/39 (21) | 31/39 (79) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.27 |
| Arthritis | No arthritis | 10/50 (20) | 40/50 (80) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | 0.03 | 9/39 (23) | 30/39 (77) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.30 |
| Cancer | No cancer | 3/50 (6) | 47/50 (94) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.17 | 3/39 (8) | 36/39 (92) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.34 |
| Asthma | No asthma | 5/50 (10) | 45/50 (90) | 0/29 (0) | 29/29 (100) | 0.07 | 5/39 (13) | 34/39 (87) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.21 |
| Medication in the past 2 years | No medication in the past 2 years | 20/50 (40) | 6/50 (12) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 4/39 (10) | 2/11 (18) | 2/11 (18) | 0.24 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | ||||||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | |||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | |
| Fever | No fever | 22/39 (56) | 17/39 (44) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.02 |
| Shortness of breath | No shortness of breath | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 9/11 (82) | 2/11 (18) | 0.16 |
| Persistent pain | No persistent pain | 18/39 (46) | 20/39 (51) | 5/11 (45) | 6/11 (55) | 0.86 |
| Respiratory distress ≤20/min | Respiratory distress >20/min | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sore throat | No sore throat | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sputum production | No sputum production | 19/39 (49) | 20/39 (51) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.46 |
| Congestion | No congestion | 4/39 (10) | 35/39 (90) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.03 |
| Loss of taste/smell | No loss of taste/smell | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.14 |
| Chills | No chills | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.06 |
| Fatigue | No fatigue | 25/39 (64) | 14/39 (36) | 8/11 (73) | 3/11 (27) | 0.59 |
| Muscle ache | No muscle ache | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.79 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | ||||||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | |||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | |
| Fever | No fever | 22/39 (56) | 17/39 (44) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.02 |
| Shortness of breath | No shortness of breath | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 9/11 (82) | 2/11 (18) | 0.16 |
| Persistent pain | No persistent pain | 18/39 (46) | 20/39 (51) | 5/11 (45) | 6/11 (55) | 0.86 |
| Respiratory distress ≤20/min | Respiratory distress >20/min | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sore throat | No sore throat | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sputum production | No sputum production | 19/39 (49) | 20/39 (51) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.46 |
| Congestion | No congestion | 4/39 (10) | 35/39 (90) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.03 |
| Loss of taste/smell | No loss of taste/smell | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.14 |
| Chills | No chills | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.06 |
| Fatigue | No fatigue | 25/39 (64) | 14/39 (36) | 8/11 (73) | 3/11 (27) | 0.59 |
| Muscle ache | No muscle ache | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.79 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | |||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | |
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||
| Bloodworka . | Median (IQR) . | Median (IQR) . | |
| ALP | 75 (28) | 63 (34) | 0.29 |
| ALT | 34 (28) | 41 (17) | 0.90 |
| AST | 41 (19) | 41 (22) | 0.77 |
| GGT | 67 (65) | 62 (82) | 0.80 |
| HB | 129 (26) | 132 (18) | 0.52 |
| PCT | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.17) | 0.43 |
| PLT | 215 (90) | 220 (131) | 0.16 |
| eGFR | 87 (40) | 64 (60) | 0.17 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | |||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | |
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||
| Bloodworka . | Median (IQR) . | Median (IQR) . | |
| ALP | 75 (28) | 63 (34) | 0.29 |
| ALT | 34 (28) | 41 (17) | 0.90 |
| AST | 41 (19) | 41 (22) | 0.77 |
| GGT | 67 (65) | 62 (82) | 0.80 |
| HB | 129 (26) | 132 (18) | 0.52 |
| PCT | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.17) | 0.43 |
| PLT | 215 (90) | 220 (131) | 0.16 |
| eGFR | 87 (40) | 64 (60) | 0.17 |
The χ2 test was conducted for categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney test was conducted for continuous variables. IQR, interquartile range. The severity of the disease was stratified into mild: hospitalized, no oxygen therapy (n = 11); moderate: hospitalized, low-flow oxygen (<10 L/min); and severe: hospitalized, high-flow oxygen (>10 L/min) (n = 39). Mild and moderate groups were combined under “nonsevere”. aBlood work: ALP, alkaline phosphatase (liver function); ALT, alanine transaminase (liver function); AST, aspartate transferees (liver function); BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (liver function); HB, hemoglobin; PCT, procalcitonin; PLT, platelet count; eGFR: the measure of kidney function (the lower, the worse). Bold font demonstrates statical significance (P < 0.05). Reference for respiratory distress cut off is 20/min (14).
Clinical characteristics and demographics of the study patients according to disease status and severity.
| Characteristics . | SARS-CoV-2 status . | COVID-19 severity . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2(+) . | SARS-COV-2 (−) . | P-value . | Nonsevere . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||||
| n = 50 (%) . | n = 30 (%) . | n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||||||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | ||
| Age ≤50 years | Age >50 years | 21/49 (43) | 28/49 (57) | 30/30 (100) | 0/30 (0) | <0.001 | 17/38 (45) | 21/38 (55) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.62 |
| Female | Male | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 14/30 (47) | 16/30 (53) | 0.81 | 19/39 (49) | 2039 (51) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.20 |
| Diabetic | Nondiabetic | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | <0.001 | 21/39 (54) | 18/39 (46) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.008 |
| Heart disease | No heart disease | 8/50 (16) | 42/50 (84) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.02 | 6/39 (15) | 33/39 (85) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | No hypertension | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 21/39 (54) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (67) | 0.56 |
| BMI ≤ 35 | BMI > 35 | 30/48 (62.5) | 18/48 (37.5) | 27/30 (90) | 3/30 (10) | 0.008 | 24/38 (63) | 14/38 (37) | 6/10 (60) | 4/10 (40) | 0.85 |
| Smokers | Nonsmokers | 1/50 (2) | 49/50 (98) | 17/27 (63) | 10/27 (37) | <0.001 | 0/39 (0) | 39/39 (100) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.05 |
| Chronic cough | No chronic cough | 49/50 (98) | 1/50 (2) | 29/29 (100) | 0/29 (0) | 0.44 | 38/39 (97) | 1/39 (3) | 11/11 (100) | 0/11 (0) | 0.59 |
| Chest pain | No chest pain | 12/50 (24) | 38/50 (76) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | 0.13 | 8/39 (21) | 31/39 (79) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.27 |
| Arthritis | No arthritis | 10/50 (20) | 40/50 (80) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | 0.03 | 9/39 (23) | 30/39 (77) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.30 |
| Cancer | No cancer | 3/50 (6) | 47/50 (94) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.17 | 3/39 (8) | 36/39 (92) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.34 |
| Asthma | No asthma | 5/50 (10) | 45/50 (90) | 0/29 (0) | 29/29 (100) | 0.07 | 5/39 (13) | 34/39 (87) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.21 |
| Medication in the past 2 years | No medication in the past 2 years | 20/50 (40) | 6/50 (12) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 4/39 (10) | 2/11 (18) | 2/11 (18) | 0.24 |
| Characteristics . | SARS-CoV-2 status . | COVID-19 severity . | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2(+) . | SARS-COV-2 (−) . | P-value . | Nonsevere . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||||
| n = 50 (%) . | n = 30 (%) . | n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||||||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | ||
| Age ≤50 years | Age >50 years | 21/49 (43) | 28/49 (57) | 30/30 (100) | 0/30 (0) | <0.001 | 17/38 (45) | 21/38 (55) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.62 |
| Female | Male | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 14/30 (47) | 16/30 (53) | 0.81 | 19/39 (49) | 2039 (51) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.20 |
| Diabetic | Nondiabetic | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | <0.001 | 21/39 (54) | 18/39 (46) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.008 |
| Heart disease | No heart disease | 8/50 (16) | 42/50 (84) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.02 | 6/39 (15) | 33/39 (85) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.82 |
| Hypertension | No hypertension | 22/50 (44) | 28/50 (56) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 21/39 (54) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (67) | 0.56 |
| BMI ≤ 35 | BMI > 35 | 30/48 (62.5) | 18/48 (37.5) | 27/30 (90) | 3/30 (10) | 0.008 | 24/38 (63) | 14/38 (37) | 6/10 (60) | 4/10 (40) | 0.85 |
| Smokers | Nonsmokers | 1/50 (2) | 49/50 (98) | 17/27 (63) | 10/27 (37) | <0.001 | 0/39 (0) | 39/39 (100) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.05 |
| Chronic cough | No chronic cough | 49/50 (98) | 1/50 (2) | 29/29 (100) | 0/29 (0) | 0.44 | 38/39 (97) | 1/39 (3) | 11/11 (100) | 0/11 (0) | 0.59 |
| Chest pain | No chest pain | 12/50 (24) | 38/50 (76) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | 0.13 | 8/39 (21) | 31/39 (79) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.27 |
| Arthritis | No arthritis | 10/50 (20) | 40/50 (80) | 1/30 (3) | 29/30 (97) | 0.03 | 9/39 (23) | 30/39 (77) | 1/11 (9) | 10/11 (91) | 0.30 |
| Cancer | No cancer | 3/50 (6) | 47/50 (94) | 0/30 (0) | 30/30 (100) | 0.17 | 3/39 (8) | 36/39 (92) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.34 |
| Asthma | No asthma | 5/50 (10) | 45/50 (90) | 0/29 (0) | 29/29 (100) | 0.07 | 5/39 (13) | 34/39 (87) | 0/11 (0) | 11/11 (100) | 0.21 |
| Medication in the past 2 years | No medication in the past 2 years | 20/50 (40) | 6/50 (12) | 3/29 (10) | 26/29 (90) | <0.001 | 18/39 (46) | 4/39 (10) | 2/11 (18) | 2/11 (18) | 0.24 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | ||||||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | |||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | |
| Fever | No fever | 22/39 (56) | 17/39 (44) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.02 |
| Shortness of breath | No shortness of breath | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 9/11 (82) | 2/11 (18) | 0.16 |
| Persistent pain | No persistent pain | 18/39 (46) | 20/39 (51) | 5/11 (45) | 6/11 (55) | 0.86 |
| Respiratory distress ≤20/min | Respiratory distress >20/min | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sore throat | No sore throat | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sputum production | No sputum production | 19/39 (49) | 20/39 (51) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.46 |
| Congestion | No congestion | 4/39 (10) | 35/39 (90) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.03 |
| Loss of taste/smell | No loss of taste/smell | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.14 |
| Chills | No chills | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.06 |
| Fatigue | No fatigue | 25/39 (64) | 14/39 (36) | 8/11 (73) | 3/11 (27) | 0.59 |
| Muscle ache | No muscle ache | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.79 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | ||||||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | ||||
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | |||||
| Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | Variable 1 . | Variable 2 . | |
| Fever | No fever | 22/39 (56) | 17/39 (44) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.02 |
| Shortness of breath | No shortness of breath | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 9/11 (82) | 2/11 (18) | 0.16 |
| Persistent pain | No persistent pain | 18/39 (46) | 20/39 (51) | 5/11 (45) | 6/11 (55) | 0.86 |
| Respiratory distress ≤20/min | Respiratory distress >20/min | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sore throat | No sore throat | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 2/11 (18) | 9/11 (82) | 0.41 |
| Sputum production | No sputum production | 19/39 (49) | 20/39 (51) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.46 |
| Congestion | No congestion | 4/39 (10) | 35/39 (90) | 4/11 (36) | 7/11 (64) | 0.03 |
| Loss of taste/smell | No loss of taste/smell | 12/39 (31) | 27/39 (69) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.14 |
| Chills | No chills | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 3/11 (27) | 8/11 (73) | 0.06 |
| Fatigue | No fatigue | 25/39 (64) | 14/39 (36) | 8/11 (73) | 3/11 (27) | 0.59 |
| Muscle ache | No muscle ache | 23/39 (59) | 16/39 (41) | 6/11 (55) | 5/11 (45) | 0.79 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | |||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | |
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||
| Bloodworka . | Median (IQR) . | Median (IQR) . | |
| ALP | 75 (28) | 63 (34) | 0.29 |
| ALT | 34 (28) | 41 (17) | 0.90 |
| AST | 41 (19) | 41 (22) | 0.77 |
| GGT | 67 (65) | 62 (82) | 0.80 |
| HB | 129 (26) | 132 (18) | 0.52 |
| PCT | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.17) | 0.43 |
| PLT | 215 (90) | 220 (131) | 0.16 |
| eGFR | 87 (40) | 64 (60) | 0.17 |
| Characteristics . | COVID-19 symptoms . | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 severity . | |||
| Nonsevere (mild/moderate) . | Severe . | P-value . | |
| n = 39 (%) . | n = 11 (%) . | ||
| Bloodworka . | Median (IQR) . | Median (IQR) . | |
| ALP | 75 (28) | 63 (34) | 0.29 |
| ALT | 34 (28) | 41 (17) | 0.90 |
| AST | 41 (19) | 41 (22) | 0.77 |
| GGT | 67 (65) | 62 (82) | 0.80 |
| HB | 129 (26) | 132 (18) | 0.52 |
| PCT | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.17) | 0.43 |
| PLT | 215 (90) | 220 (131) | 0.16 |
| eGFR | 87 (40) | 64 (60) | 0.17 |
The χ2 test was conducted for categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney test was conducted for continuous variables. IQR, interquartile range. The severity of the disease was stratified into mild: hospitalized, no oxygen therapy (n = 11); moderate: hospitalized, low-flow oxygen (<10 L/min); and severe: hospitalized, high-flow oxygen (>10 L/min) (n = 39). Mild and moderate groups were combined under “nonsevere”. aBlood work: ALP, alkaline phosphatase (liver function); ALT, alanine transaminase (liver function); AST, aspartate transferees (liver function); BMI, body mass index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase (liver function); HB, hemoglobin; PCT, procalcitonin; PLT, platelet count; eGFR: the measure of kidney function (the lower, the worse). Bold font demonstrates statical significance (P < 0.05). Reference for respiratory distress cut off is 20/min (14).
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