Table 1. Open in new tab Baseline...

Variables	Levels	HALST	NILS-LSA
Age	55–64	1 685	29.8	506	34.6
	65–74	2 497	44.1	517	35.3
	75–84	1 282	22.6	401	27.4
	85–	199	3.5	40	2.7
Sex	Male	2 675	47.2	736	50.3
	Female	2 988	52.8	728	49.7
BMI	Normal (18.5–27 kg/m²)	4 338	76.6	1 268	86.6
	Abnormal (<18.5 or >27 kg/m²)	1 325	23.4	196	13.4
Marital status	Married	4 139	73.1	1 199	81.9
	Widowed	1 235	21.8	196	13.4
	Divorced, separated, and single	289	5.1	69	4.7
Education level	No education	799	14.1	1	0.1
	Primary school (1–6 y)	2 322	41	17	1.2
	High school (7–12 y)	1 628	28.7	1 026	70.1
	College or above (>12 y)	910	16.1	420	28.7
Smoking status	Current smoker	723	12.8	182	12.4
	Past smoker	894	15.8	417	28.5
	Nonsmoker	4 046	71.4	865	59.1
Betel quid	Current chewer	180	3.2	—	—
	Past chewer	512	9	—	—
	Nonchewer	4 971	87.8	—	—
Household income (monthly, NT$)^*	No income	245	4.3	0	—
	1–20 000	3 055	53.9	52	3.6
	20 001–40 000	781	13.8	119	8.1
	40 001–60 000	365	6.4	269	18.4
	60 001–	336	5.9	987	67.4
	Unknown	881	15.6	37	2.5

Variables

Levels

HALST

NILS-LSA

N = 5 663

N = 1 464

Age

55–64

1 685

29.8

506

34.6

65–74

2 497

44.1

517

35.3

75–84

1 282

22.6

401

27.4

85–

199

3.5

2.7

Sex

Male

2 675

47.2

736

50.3

Female

2 988

52.8

728

49.7

BMI

Normal (18.5–27 kg/m²)

4 338

76.6

1 268

86.6

Abnormal (<18.5 or >27 kg/m²)

1 325

23.4

196

13.4

Marital status

Married

4 139

73.1

1 199

81.9

Widowed

1 235

21.8

196

13.4

Divorced, separated, and single

289

5.1

4.7

Education level

No education

799

14.1

0.1

Primary school (1–6 y)

2 322

1.2

High school (7–12 y)

1 628

28.7

1 026

70.1

College or above (>12 y)

910

16.1

420

28.7

Smoking status

Current smoker

723

12.8

182

12.4

Past smoker

894

15.8

417

28.5

Nonsmoker

4 046

71.4

865

59.1

Betel quid

Current chewer

180

3.2

—

Past chewer

512

—

Nonchewer

4 971

87.8

—

Household income (monthly, NT$)^*

No income

245

4.3

—

1–20 000

3 055

53.9

3.6

20 001–40 000

781

13.8

119

8.1

40 001–60 000

365

6.4

269

18.4

60 001–

336

5.9

987

67.4

Unknown

881

15.6

2.5

Variables	Levels	HALST	NILS-LSA
Age	55–64	1 685	29.8	506	34.6
	65–74	2 497	44.1	517	35.3
	75–84	1 282	22.6	401	27.4
	85–	199	3.5	40	2.7
Sex	Male	2 675	47.2	736	50.3
	Female	2 988	52.8	728	49.7
BMI	Normal (18.5–27 kg/m²)	4 338	76.6	1 268	86.6
	Abnormal (<18.5 or >27 kg/m²)	1 325	23.4	196	13.4
Marital status	Married	4 139	73.1	1 199	81.9
	Widowed	1 235	21.8	196	13.4
	Divorced, separated, and single	289	5.1	69	4.7
Education level	No education	799	14.1	1	0.1
	Primary school (1–6 y)	2 322	41	17	1.2
	High school (7–12 y)	1 628	28.7	1 026	70.1
	College or above (>12 y)	910	16.1	420	28.7
Smoking status	Current smoker	723	12.8	182	12.4
	Past smoker	894	15.8	417	28.5
	Nonsmoker	4 046	71.4	865	59.1
Betel quid	Current chewer	180	3.2	—	—
	Past chewer	512	9	—	—
	Nonchewer	4 971	87.8	—	—
Household income (monthly, NT$)^*	No income	245	4.3	0	—
	1–20 000	3 055	53.9	52	3.6
	20 001–40 000	781	13.8	119	8.1
	40 001–60 000	365	6.4	269	18.4
	60 001–	336	5.9	987	67.4
	Unknown	881	15.6	37	2.5

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Baseline Demographic, Lifestyle, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in HALST and NILS-LSA (External Validation) Cohorts

Variables	Levels	HALST		NILS-LSA
Variables	Levels	N = 5 663	%	N = 1 464	%
Age	55–64	1 685	29.8	506	34.6
	65–74	2 497	44.1	517	35.3
	75–84	1 282	22.6	401	27.4
	85–	199	3.5	40	2.7
Sex	Male	2 675	47.2	736	50.3
	Female	2 988	52.8	728	49.7
BMI	Normal (18.5–27 kg/m²)	4 338	76.6	1 268	86.6
	Abnormal (<18.5 or >27 kg/m²)	1 325	23.4	196	13.4
Marital status	Married	4 139	73.1	1 199	81.9
	Widowed	1 235	21.8	196	13.4
	Divorced, separated, and single	289	5.1	69	4.7
Education level	No education	799	14.1	1	0.1
	Primary school (1–6 y)	2 322	41	17	1.2
	High school (7–12 y)	1 628	28.7	1 026	70.1
	College or above (>12 y)	910	16.1	420	28.7
Smoking status	Current smoker	723	12.8	182	12.4
	Past smoker	894	15.8	417	28.5
	Nonsmoker	4 046	71.4	865	59.1
Betel quid	Current chewer	180	3.2	—	—
	Past chewer	512	9	—	—
	Nonchewer	4 971	87.8	—	—
Household income (monthly, NT$)^*	No income	245	4.3	0	—
	1–20 000	3 055	53.9	52	3.6
	20 001–40 000	781	13.8	119	8.1
	40 001–60 000	365	6.4	269	18.4
	60 001–	336	5.9	987	67.4
	Unknown	881	15.6	37	2.5

Variables	Levels	HALST		NILS-LSA
Variables	Levels	N = 5 663	%	N = 1 464	%
Age	55–64	1 685	29.8	506	34.6
	65–74	2 497	44.1	517	35.3
	75–84	1 282	22.6	401	27.4
	85–	199	3.5	40	2.7
Sex	Male	2 675	47.2	736	50.3
	Female	2 988	52.8	728	49.7
BMI	Normal (18.5–27 kg/m²)	4 338	76.6	1 268	86.6
	Abnormal (<18.5 or >27 kg/m²)	1 325	23.4	196	13.4
Marital status	Married	4 139	73.1	1 199	81.9
	Widowed	1 235	21.8	196	13.4
	Divorced, separated, and single	289	5.1	69	4.7
Education level	No education	799	14.1	1	0.1
	Primary school (1–6 y)	2 322	41	17	1.2
	High school (7–12 y)	1 628	28.7	1 026	70.1
	College or above (>12 y)	910	16.1	420	28.7
Smoking status	Current smoker	723	12.8	182	12.4
	Past smoker	894	15.8	417	28.5
	Nonsmoker	4 046	71.4	865	59.1
Betel quid	Current chewer	180	3.2	—	—
	Past chewer	512	9	—	—
	Nonchewer	4 971	87.8	—	—
Household income (monthly, NT$)^*	No income	245	4.3	0	—
	1–20 000	3 055	53.9	52	3.6
	20 001–40 000	781	13.8	119	8.1
	40 001–60 000	365	6.4	269	18.4
	60 001–	336	5.9	987	67.4
	Unknown	881	15.6	37	2.5

Notes: HALST = Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan; NILS-LSA = Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator.

^*The household income for NILS-LSA (in Yen) is divided by the exchange rate of 5 (NT$:Yen = 1:5). Corresponding income categories are no income (no such category in NILS-LSA), <25 000, 25 001–41 500, 41 501–58 167, 58 168–, and unknown.

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