Table 5 Open in new tab... | Oxford Academic

	RV-PA coupling
LVEF, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	57.8 ± 9.14	51.8 ± 12.0	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹
LVESD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	36.9 ± 14.0	39.2 ± 12.7	8.9 × 10⁻⁴
LVEDD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.9 ± 7.43	48.4 ± 8.19	0.030
LA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	32.1 ± 13.2	34.0 ± 14.1	0.007
LA volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	92.5 ± 61.2	93.5 ± 51.7	0.302
sPAP_{echocardiography}, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	37.4 ± 11.7	43.3 ± 15.8	4.2 × 10⁻⁷
TAPSE, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	21.4 ± 3.16	14.4 ± 3.09	< 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶
RV FAC, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	41.4 ± 9.97	36.0 ± 11.2	1.5 × 10⁻⁸
Basal RV diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.8 ± 8.11	47.4 ± 8.51	0.288
TV EROA, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	0.65 ± 0.36	0.66 ± 0.43	0.693
TR volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	50.5 ± 23.4	51.3 ± 28.5	0.806
TR vena contracta width, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	11.0 ± 4.26	11.5 ± 4.70	0.295
TR ≤ III/V°, no. (%)	150 (51.0%)	225 (50.8%)	1.0
TR = IV/V°, no. (%)	96 (32.7%)	142 (32.1%)	0.928
TR = V/V°, no. (%)	48 (16.3%)	76 (17.2%)	0.846
RA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	39.7 ± 19.3	40.6 ± 17.9	0.239
Inferior vena cava diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	23.6 ± 6.78	26.8 ± 6.14	2.7 × 10⁻¹²
Cardiac output, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min	4.18 ± 1.64	4.21 ± 1.75	0.799
Cardiac index, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min/m²	2.24 ± 0.78	2.29 ± 0.91	0.487
PVR, mean ± SD (95% CI), WU	2.71 ± 1.51	3.25 ± 2.12	0.008
sPAP_invasive, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	42.5 ± 11.7	49.5 ± 15.1	4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰
dPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.2 ± 6.55	20.7 ± 7.81	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰
mPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	27.2 ± 7.60	32.3 ± 9.51	1.3 × 10⁻¹³
mPCWP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.5 ± 5.95	20.6 ± 7.32	6.5 × 10⁻⁸

RV-PA coupling

Preserved (n = 294)

Reduced (n = 443)

P value

LVEF, mean ± SD (95% CI), %

57.8 ± 9.14

51.8 ± 12.0

6.8 × 10⁻¹¹

LVESD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

36.9 ± 14.0

39.2 ± 12.7

8.9 × 10⁻⁴

LVEDD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

46.9 ± 7.43

48.4 ± 8.19

0.030

LA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²

32.1 ± 13.2

34.0 ± 14.1

0.007

LA volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL

92.5 ± 61.2

93.5 ± 51.7

0.302

sPAP_{echocardiography}, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg

37.4 ± 11.7

43.3 ± 15.8

4.2 × 10⁻⁷

TAPSE, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

21.4 ± 3.16

14.4 ± 3.09

< 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶

RV FAC, mean ± SD (95% CI), %

41.4 ± 9.97

36.0 ± 11.2

1.5 × 10⁻⁸

Basal RV diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

46.8 ± 8.11

47.4 ± 8.51

0.288

TV EROA, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²

0.65 ± 0.36

0.66 ± 0.43

0.693

TR volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL

50.5 ± 23.4

51.3 ± 28.5

0.806

TR vena contracta width, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

11.0 ± 4.26

11.5 ± 4.70

0.295

TR ≤ III/V°, no. (%)

150 (51.0%)

225 (50.8%)

1.0

TR = IV/V°, no. (%)

96 (32.7%)

142 (32.1%)

0.928

TR = V/V°, no. (%)

48 (16.3%)

76 (17.2%)

0.846

RA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²

39.7 ± 19.3

40.6 ± 17.9

0.239

Inferior vena cava diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm

23.6 ± 6.78

26.8 ± 6.14

2.7 × 10⁻¹²

Cardiac output, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min

4.18 ± 1.64

4.21 ± 1.75

0.799

Cardiac index, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min/m²

2.24 ± 0.78

2.29 ± 0.91

0.487

PVR, mean ± SD (95% CI), WU

2.71 ± 1.51

3.25 ± 2.12

0.008

sPAP_invasive, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg

42.5 ± 11.7

49.5 ± 15.1

4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰

dPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg

17.2 ± 6.55

20.7 ± 7.81

3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰

mPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg

27.2 ± 7.60

32.3 ± 9.51

1.3 × 10⁻¹³

mPCWP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg

17.5 ± 5.95

20.6 ± 7.32

6.5 × 10⁻⁸

	RV-PA coupling
LVEF, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	57.8 ± 9.14	51.8 ± 12.0	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹
LVESD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	36.9 ± 14.0	39.2 ± 12.7	8.9 × 10⁻⁴
LVEDD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.9 ± 7.43	48.4 ± 8.19	0.030
LA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	32.1 ± 13.2	34.0 ± 14.1	0.007
LA volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	92.5 ± 61.2	93.5 ± 51.7	0.302
sPAP_{echocardiography}, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	37.4 ± 11.7	43.3 ± 15.8	4.2 × 10⁻⁷
TAPSE, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	21.4 ± 3.16	14.4 ± 3.09	< 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶
RV FAC, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	41.4 ± 9.97	36.0 ± 11.2	1.5 × 10⁻⁸
Basal RV diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.8 ± 8.11	47.4 ± 8.51	0.288
TV EROA, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	0.65 ± 0.36	0.66 ± 0.43	0.693
TR volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	50.5 ± 23.4	51.3 ± 28.5	0.806
TR vena contracta width, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	11.0 ± 4.26	11.5 ± 4.70	0.295
TR ≤ III/V°, no. (%)	150 (51.0%)	225 (50.8%)	1.0
TR = IV/V°, no. (%)	96 (32.7%)	142 (32.1%)	0.928
TR = V/V°, no. (%)	48 (16.3%)	76 (17.2%)	0.846
RA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	39.7 ± 19.3	40.6 ± 17.9	0.239
Inferior vena cava diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	23.6 ± 6.78	26.8 ± 6.14	2.7 × 10⁻¹²
Cardiac output, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min	4.18 ± 1.64	4.21 ± 1.75	0.799
Cardiac index, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min/m²	2.24 ± 0.78	2.29 ± 0.91	0.487
PVR, mean ± SD (95% CI), WU	2.71 ± 1.51	3.25 ± 2.12	0.008
sPAP_invasive, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	42.5 ± 11.7	49.5 ± 15.1	4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰
dPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.2 ± 6.55	20.7 ± 7.81	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰
mPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	27.2 ± 7.60	32.3 ± 9.51	1.3 × 10⁻¹³
mPCWP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.5 ± 5.95	20.6 ± 7.32	6.5 × 10⁻⁸

Table 5

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Echocardiographic and haemodynamic characteristics of the study population in accordance with RV-PA coupling assessment expressed as TAPSE/mPAP_predicted

	RV-PA coupling
	Preserved (n = 294)	Reduced (n = 443)	P value
LVEF, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	57.8 ± 9.14	51.8 ± 12.0	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹
LVESD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	36.9 ± 14.0	39.2 ± 12.7	8.9 × 10⁻⁴
LVEDD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.9 ± 7.43	48.4 ± 8.19	0.030
LA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	32.1 ± 13.2	34.0 ± 14.1	0.007
LA volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	92.5 ± 61.2	93.5 ± 51.7	0.302
sPAP_{echocardiography}, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	37.4 ± 11.7	43.3 ± 15.8	4.2 × 10⁻⁷
TAPSE, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	21.4 ± 3.16	14.4 ± 3.09	< 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶
RV FAC, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	41.4 ± 9.97	36.0 ± 11.2	1.5 × 10⁻⁸
Basal RV diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.8 ± 8.11	47.4 ± 8.51	0.288
TV EROA, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	0.65 ± 0.36	0.66 ± 0.43	0.693
TR volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	50.5 ± 23.4	51.3 ± 28.5	0.806
TR vena contracta width, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	11.0 ± 4.26	11.5 ± 4.70	0.295
TR ≤ III/V°, no. (%)	150 (51.0%)	225 (50.8%)	1.0
TR = IV/V°, no. (%)	96 (32.7%)	142 (32.1%)	0.928
TR = V/V°, no. (%)	48 (16.3%)	76 (17.2%)	0.846
RA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	39.7 ± 19.3	40.6 ± 17.9	0.239
Inferior vena cava diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	23.6 ± 6.78	26.8 ± 6.14	2.7 × 10⁻¹²
Cardiac output, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min	4.18 ± 1.64	4.21 ± 1.75	0.799
Cardiac index, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min/m²	2.24 ± 0.78	2.29 ± 0.91	0.487
PVR, mean ± SD (95% CI), WU	2.71 ± 1.51	3.25 ± 2.12	0.008
sPAP_invasive, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	42.5 ± 11.7	49.5 ± 15.1	4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰
dPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.2 ± 6.55	20.7 ± 7.81	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰
mPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	27.2 ± 7.60	32.3 ± 9.51	1.3 × 10⁻¹³
mPCWP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.5 ± 5.95	20.6 ± 7.32	6.5 × 10⁻⁸

	RV-PA coupling
	Preserved (n = 294)	Reduced (n = 443)	P value
LVEF, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	57.8 ± 9.14	51.8 ± 12.0	6.8 × 10⁻¹¹
LVESD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	36.9 ± 14.0	39.2 ± 12.7	8.9 × 10⁻⁴
LVEDD, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.9 ± 7.43	48.4 ± 8.19	0.030
LA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	32.1 ± 13.2	34.0 ± 14.1	0.007
LA volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	92.5 ± 61.2	93.5 ± 51.7	0.302
sPAP_{echocardiography}, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	37.4 ± 11.7	43.3 ± 15.8	4.2 × 10⁻⁷
TAPSE, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	21.4 ± 3.16	14.4 ± 3.09	< 2.2 × 10⁻¹⁶
RV FAC, mean ± SD (95% CI), %	41.4 ± 9.97	36.0 ± 11.2	1.5 × 10⁻⁸
Basal RV diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	46.8 ± 8.11	47.4 ± 8.51	0.288
TV EROA, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	0.65 ± 0.36	0.66 ± 0.43	0.693
TR volume, mean ± SD (95% CI), mL	50.5 ± 23.4	51.3 ± 28.5	0.806
TR vena contracta width, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	11.0 ± 4.26	11.5 ± 4.70	0.295
TR ≤ III/V°, no. (%)	150 (51.0%)	225 (50.8%)	1.0
TR = IV/V°, no. (%)	96 (32.7%)	142 (32.1%)	0.928
TR = V/V°, no. (%)	48 (16.3%)	76 (17.2%)	0.846
RA area, mean ± SD (95% CI), cm²	39.7 ± 19.3	40.6 ± 17.9	0.239
Inferior vena cava diameter, mean ± SD (95% CI), mm	23.6 ± 6.78	26.8 ± 6.14	2.7 × 10⁻¹²
Cardiac output, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min	4.18 ± 1.64	4.21 ± 1.75	0.799
Cardiac index, mean ± SD (95% CI), L/min/m²	2.24 ± 0.78	2.29 ± 0.91	0.487
PVR, mean ± SD (95% CI), WU	2.71 ± 1.51	3.25 ± 2.12	0.008
sPAP_invasive, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	42.5 ± 11.7	49.5 ± 15.1	4.6 × 10⁻¹⁰
dPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.2 ± 6.55	20.7 ± 7.81	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰
mPAP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	27.2 ± 7.60	32.3 ± 9.51	1.3 × 10⁻¹³
mPCWP, mean ± SD (95% CI), mmHg	17.5 ± 5.95	20.6 ± 7.32	6.5 × 10⁻⁸

Abbreviations as in Table 2.

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