Characteristics of Patients Testing Positive or Negative for Nonvariola Orthopoxvirus or Monkeypox virus, and Risk Factors Associated With Test Positivity, Veterans Health Administration, May 2022–May 2023a
| Variable . | NVO/MPXV Positive . | NVO/MPXV Negative . | P Valueb . | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)c . | P Valuec . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 251 (23.8) | 802 (76.2) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, y, median (IQR) | 41 (33–49) | 51 (36–63) | <.001 | 0.98 (.96–.99) | .004 |
| Birth sex | |||||
| Male | 249 (99.2) | 726 (90.5) | <.001 | 6.77 (2.03–42.06) | .009 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 27 (10.8) | 67 (8.4) | .244 | 1.94 (.94–4.07) | .075 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 139 (55.4) | 302 (37.7) | <.001 | 1.98 (1.12–3.63) | .022 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 65 (25.9) | 336 (41.9) | <.001 | 1.24 (.68–2.32) | .493 |
| Other or unknownd | 20 (8.0) | 93 (11.6) | .071 | ||
| Rurality of residencee | |||||
| Urban residence | 231 (92.0) | 681 (84.9) | .004 | 1.17 (.67–2.13) | .584 |
| Sample site | |||||
| Genital or rectal sample site | 89 (35.5) | 140 (17.5) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.26–2.58) | .001 |
| Vaccination statusf | |||||
| Vaccinated | 65 (25.9) | 520 (64.8) | <.001 | 0.33 (.22–.48) | <.001 |
| HIV or STI diagnosesg | |||||
| Anogenital herpes | 25 (10.0) | 53 (6.6) | .077 | ||
| Chlamydia | 24 (9.6) | 27 (3.4) | <.001 | 1.02 (.51–2.03) | .962 |
| Gonorrhea | 30 (12.0) | 34 (4.2) | <.001 | 1.17 (.62–2.22) | .626 |
| Syphilis | 103 (41.0) | 122 (15.2) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.25–2.69) | .002 |
| HIV | 145 (57.8) | 182 (22.7) | <.001 | 2.43 (1.68–3.52) | <.001 |
| CD4 count among HIV positive, cells/μLh, median (IQR) | 586.5 (406.75–778.25) | 590 (404–768) | .905 |
| Variable . | NVO/MPXV Positive . | NVO/MPXV Negative . | P Valueb . | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)c . | P Valuec . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 251 (23.8) | 802 (76.2) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, y, median (IQR) | 41 (33–49) | 51 (36–63) | <.001 | 0.98 (.96–.99) | .004 |
| Birth sex | |||||
| Male | 249 (99.2) | 726 (90.5) | <.001 | 6.77 (2.03–42.06) | .009 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 27 (10.8) | 67 (8.4) | .244 | 1.94 (.94–4.07) | .075 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 139 (55.4) | 302 (37.7) | <.001 | 1.98 (1.12–3.63) | .022 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 65 (25.9) | 336 (41.9) | <.001 | 1.24 (.68–2.32) | .493 |
| Other or unknownd | 20 (8.0) | 93 (11.6) | .071 | ||
| Rurality of residencee | |||||
| Urban residence | 231 (92.0) | 681 (84.9) | .004 | 1.17 (.67–2.13) | .584 |
| Sample site | |||||
| Genital or rectal sample site | 89 (35.5) | 140 (17.5) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.26–2.58) | .001 |
| Vaccination statusf | |||||
| Vaccinated | 65 (25.9) | 520 (64.8) | <.001 | 0.33 (.22–.48) | <.001 |
| HIV or STI diagnosesg | |||||
| Anogenital herpes | 25 (10.0) | 53 (6.6) | .077 | ||
| Chlamydia | 24 (9.6) | 27 (3.4) | <.001 | 1.02 (.51–2.03) | .962 |
| Gonorrhea | 30 (12.0) | 34 (4.2) | <.001 | 1.17 (.62–2.22) | .626 |
| Syphilis | 103 (41.0) | 122 (15.2) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.25–2.69) | .002 |
| HIV | 145 (57.8) | 182 (22.7) | <.001 | 2.43 (1.68–3.52) | <.001 |
| CD4 count among HIV positive, cells/μLh, median (IQR) | 586.5 (406.75–778.25) | 590 (404–768) | .905 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < .05 level.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MPXV, Monkeypox virus; NVO, nonvariola orthopoxvirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
aPatients testing equivocal or inconclusive for NVO/MPXV were excluded from this analysis (n = 91).
bPearson χ2 test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.
cBinary logistic regression analysis.
dIncludes non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and those with unknown race/ethnicity.
eRurality of residence based on Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes.
fIncludes vaccination with JYNNEOS 1 or 2 doses, or vaccinia vaccine, any time prior to mpox test date. Vaccinations given after mpox test date, or individuals with no recorded vaccination, were excluded.
gHIV and STI diagnosis status based on International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes.
hMost recent CD4 count prior to mpox diagnosis.
Characteristics of Patients Testing Positive or Negative for Nonvariola Orthopoxvirus or Monkeypox virus, and Risk Factors Associated With Test Positivity, Veterans Health Administration, May 2022–May 2023a
| Variable . | NVO/MPXV Positive . | NVO/MPXV Negative . | P Valueb . | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)c . | P Valuec . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 251 (23.8) | 802 (76.2) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, y, median (IQR) | 41 (33–49) | 51 (36–63) | <.001 | 0.98 (.96–.99) | .004 |
| Birth sex | |||||
| Male | 249 (99.2) | 726 (90.5) | <.001 | 6.77 (2.03–42.06) | .009 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 27 (10.8) | 67 (8.4) | .244 | 1.94 (.94–4.07) | .075 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 139 (55.4) | 302 (37.7) | <.001 | 1.98 (1.12–3.63) | .022 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 65 (25.9) | 336 (41.9) | <.001 | 1.24 (.68–2.32) | .493 |
| Other or unknownd | 20 (8.0) | 93 (11.6) | .071 | ||
| Rurality of residencee | |||||
| Urban residence | 231 (92.0) | 681 (84.9) | .004 | 1.17 (.67–2.13) | .584 |
| Sample site | |||||
| Genital or rectal sample site | 89 (35.5) | 140 (17.5) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.26–2.58) | .001 |
| Vaccination statusf | |||||
| Vaccinated | 65 (25.9) | 520 (64.8) | <.001 | 0.33 (.22–.48) | <.001 |
| HIV or STI diagnosesg | |||||
| Anogenital herpes | 25 (10.0) | 53 (6.6) | .077 | ||
| Chlamydia | 24 (9.6) | 27 (3.4) | <.001 | 1.02 (.51–2.03) | .962 |
| Gonorrhea | 30 (12.0) | 34 (4.2) | <.001 | 1.17 (.62–2.22) | .626 |
| Syphilis | 103 (41.0) | 122 (15.2) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.25–2.69) | .002 |
| HIV | 145 (57.8) | 182 (22.7) | <.001 | 2.43 (1.68–3.52) | <.001 |
| CD4 count among HIV positive, cells/μLh, median (IQR) | 586.5 (406.75–778.25) | 590 (404–768) | .905 |
| Variable . | NVO/MPXV Positive . | NVO/MPXV Negative . | P Valueb . | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)c . | P Valuec . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 251 (23.8) | 802 (76.2) | |||
| Age at diagnosis, y, median (IQR) | 41 (33–49) | 51 (36–63) | <.001 | 0.98 (.96–.99) | .004 |
| Birth sex | |||||
| Male | 249 (99.2) | 726 (90.5) | <.001 | 6.77 (2.03–42.06) | .009 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 27 (10.8) | 67 (8.4) | .244 | 1.94 (.94–4.07) | .075 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 139 (55.4) | 302 (37.7) | <.001 | 1.98 (1.12–3.63) | .022 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 65 (25.9) | 336 (41.9) | <.001 | 1.24 (.68–2.32) | .493 |
| Other or unknownd | 20 (8.0) | 93 (11.6) | .071 | ||
| Rurality of residencee | |||||
| Urban residence | 231 (92.0) | 681 (84.9) | .004 | 1.17 (.67–2.13) | .584 |
| Sample site | |||||
| Genital or rectal sample site | 89 (35.5) | 140 (17.5) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.26–2.58) | .001 |
| Vaccination statusf | |||||
| Vaccinated | 65 (25.9) | 520 (64.8) | <.001 | 0.33 (.22–.48) | <.001 |
| HIV or STI diagnosesg | |||||
| Anogenital herpes | 25 (10.0) | 53 (6.6) | .077 | ||
| Chlamydia | 24 (9.6) | 27 (3.4) | <.001 | 1.02 (.51–2.03) | .962 |
| Gonorrhea | 30 (12.0) | 34 (4.2) | <.001 | 1.17 (.62–2.22) | .626 |
| Syphilis | 103 (41.0) | 122 (15.2) | <.001 | 1.83 (1.25–2.69) | .002 |
| HIV | 145 (57.8) | 182 (22.7) | <.001 | 2.43 (1.68–3.52) | <.001 |
| CD4 count among HIV positive, cells/μLh, median (IQR) | 586.5 (406.75–778.25) | 590 (404–768) | .905 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < .05 level.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; MPXV, Monkeypox virus; NVO, nonvariola orthopoxvirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
aPatients testing equivocal or inconclusive for NVO/MPXV were excluded from this analysis (n = 91).
bPearson χ2 test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.
cBinary logistic regression analysis.
dIncludes non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and those with unknown race/ethnicity.
eRurality of residence based on Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes.
fIncludes vaccination with JYNNEOS 1 or 2 doses, or vaccinia vaccine, any time prior to mpox test date. Vaccinations given after mpox test date, or individuals with no recorded vaccination, were excluded.
gHIV and STI diagnosis status based on International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes.
hMost recent CD4 count prior to mpox diagnosis.
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