Demographic and Health Characteristics in 553 Adults Aged ≥60 Years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
| Characteristics . | Total, N = 553 . | Pain Distribution . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Pain, n = 212 (38.3%) . | Single-site Pain, n = 196 (35.4%) . | Multisite pain, n = 145 (26.2%) . | p Value* . | ||
| Mean (SD) or n (%) . | Mean (SD) or n (%) . | . | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.8 ± 8.4 | 76.9 ± 8.3 | 75.4 ± 8.4 | 74.8 ± 8.5 | .045 |
| Sex | .097 | ||||
| Male | 252 (45.6) | 102 (48.1) | 94 (48.0) | 56 (38.6) | |
| Female | 301 (54.4) | 110 (51.9) | 102 (52.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 385 (69.6) | 149 (70.3) | 147 (75.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Black | 136 (24.6) | 45 (21.2) | 38 (19.4) | 53 (36.5) | |
| Other | 32 (5.8) | 18 (8.5) | 11 (5.6) | 3 (2.1) | |
| Education level | .137 | ||||
| <College graduation | 79 (14.3) | 23 (10.8) | 27 (13.8) | 29 (20.0) | |
| College graduation | 109 (19.7) | 44 (20.8) | 45 (23.0) | 20 (13.8) | |
| >College graduation | 365 (66.0) | 145 (68.4) | 124 (63.3) | 96 (66.2) | |
| BMI | <.001 | ||||
| <25 | 192 (34.7) | 93 (43.9) | 67 (34.2) | 32 (22.1) | |
| 25–29.9 | 224 (40.5) | 75 (35.4) | 85 (43.4) | 64 (44.1) | |
| ≥30 | 137 (24.8) | 44 (20.7) | 44 (22.4) | 49 (33.8) | |
| Stroke | 23 (4.2) | 7 (3.3) | 5 (2.6) | 11 (7.6) | .069 |
| Diabetes | 92 (16.6) | 36 (17.0) | 32 (16.3) | 24 (16.6) | .902 |
| Hypertension | 277 (50.1) | 97 (45.8) | 88 (44.9) | 92 (63.5) | .002 |
| Osteoarthritis | 315 (57.0) | 79 (37.3) | 125 (63.8) | 111 (76.6) | <.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 59 (10.7) | 16 (7.6) | 22 (11.2) | 21 (14.5) | .035 |
| Fall in the past year | 132 (23.9) | 38 (18.0) | 43 (21.9) | 51 (35.2) | <.001 |
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 25 (4.6) (547/553) | 8 (3.9) | 4 (2.1) | 13 (9.0) | .043 |
| MMSE score | 28.5 ± 1.4 (512/553) | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 28.7 ± 1.1 | 28.4 ± 1.6 | .013 |
| Usual gait speed (m/s) | 1.12 ± 0.24 (551/553) | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | .008 |
| TAC (x1000 counts) | 2109. 3 ± 550.4 | 2089.5 ± 561.8 | 2098.2 ± 551.1 | 2153.4 ± 533.6 | .527 |
| ASTP (%) | 24.6 ± 5.7 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 25.1 ± 6.1 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | .339 |
| Active time (mins) | 420.4 ± 101.6 | 417.5 ± 102.6 | 418.4 ± 102.6 | 427.2 ± 99.0 | .638 |
| Characteristics . | Total, N = 553 . | Pain Distribution . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Pain, n = 212 (38.3%) . | Single-site Pain, n = 196 (35.4%) . | Multisite pain, n = 145 (26.2%) . | p Value* . | ||
| Mean (SD) or n (%) . | Mean (SD) or n (%) . | . | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.8 ± 8.4 | 76.9 ± 8.3 | 75.4 ± 8.4 | 74.8 ± 8.5 | .045 |
| Sex | .097 | ||||
| Male | 252 (45.6) | 102 (48.1) | 94 (48.0) | 56 (38.6) | |
| Female | 301 (54.4) | 110 (51.9) | 102 (52.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 385 (69.6) | 149 (70.3) | 147 (75.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Black | 136 (24.6) | 45 (21.2) | 38 (19.4) | 53 (36.5) | |
| Other | 32 (5.8) | 18 (8.5) | 11 (5.6) | 3 (2.1) | |
| Education level | .137 | ||||
| <College graduation | 79 (14.3) | 23 (10.8) | 27 (13.8) | 29 (20.0) | |
| College graduation | 109 (19.7) | 44 (20.8) | 45 (23.0) | 20 (13.8) | |
| >College graduation | 365 (66.0) | 145 (68.4) | 124 (63.3) | 96 (66.2) | |
| BMI | <.001 | ||||
| <25 | 192 (34.7) | 93 (43.9) | 67 (34.2) | 32 (22.1) | |
| 25–29.9 | 224 (40.5) | 75 (35.4) | 85 (43.4) | 64 (44.1) | |
| ≥30 | 137 (24.8) | 44 (20.7) | 44 (22.4) | 49 (33.8) | |
| Stroke | 23 (4.2) | 7 (3.3) | 5 (2.6) | 11 (7.6) | .069 |
| Diabetes | 92 (16.6) | 36 (17.0) | 32 (16.3) | 24 (16.6) | .902 |
| Hypertension | 277 (50.1) | 97 (45.8) | 88 (44.9) | 92 (63.5) | .002 |
| Osteoarthritis | 315 (57.0) | 79 (37.3) | 125 (63.8) | 111 (76.6) | <.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 59 (10.7) | 16 (7.6) | 22 (11.2) | 21 (14.5) | .035 |
| Fall in the past year | 132 (23.9) | 38 (18.0) | 43 (21.9) | 51 (35.2) | <.001 |
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 25 (4.6) (547/553) | 8 (3.9) | 4 (2.1) | 13 (9.0) | .043 |
| MMSE score | 28.5 ± 1.4 (512/553) | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 28.7 ± 1.1 | 28.4 ± 1.6 | .013 |
| Usual gait speed (m/s) | 1.12 ± 0.24 (551/553) | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | .008 |
| TAC (x1000 counts) | 2109. 3 ± 550.4 | 2089.5 ± 561.8 | 2098.2 ± 551.1 | 2153.4 ± 533.6 | .527 |
| ASTP (%) | 24.6 ± 5.7 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 25.1 ± 6.1 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | .339 |
| Active time (mins) | 420.4 ± 101.6 | 417.5 ± 102.6 | 418.4 ± 102.6 | 427.2 ± 99.0 | .638 |
Notes: ASTP = active-to-sedentary transition probability; BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; SD = standard deviation; TAC = total daily activity counts.
*One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for continuous variables and chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. The bold p-values indicate statistically significant results (p < .05).
Demographic and Health Characteristics in 553 Adults Aged ≥60 Years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
| Characteristics . | Total, N = 553 . | Pain Distribution . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Pain, n = 212 (38.3%) . | Single-site Pain, n = 196 (35.4%) . | Multisite pain, n = 145 (26.2%) . | p Value* . | ||
| Mean (SD) or n (%) . | Mean (SD) or n (%) . | . | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.8 ± 8.4 | 76.9 ± 8.3 | 75.4 ± 8.4 | 74.8 ± 8.5 | .045 |
| Sex | .097 | ||||
| Male | 252 (45.6) | 102 (48.1) | 94 (48.0) | 56 (38.6) | |
| Female | 301 (54.4) | 110 (51.9) | 102 (52.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 385 (69.6) | 149 (70.3) | 147 (75.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Black | 136 (24.6) | 45 (21.2) | 38 (19.4) | 53 (36.5) | |
| Other | 32 (5.8) | 18 (8.5) | 11 (5.6) | 3 (2.1) | |
| Education level | .137 | ||||
| <College graduation | 79 (14.3) | 23 (10.8) | 27 (13.8) | 29 (20.0) | |
| College graduation | 109 (19.7) | 44 (20.8) | 45 (23.0) | 20 (13.8) | |
| >College graduation | 365 (66.0) | 145 (68.4) | 124 (63.3) | 96 (66.2) | |
| BMI | <.001 | ||||
| <25 | 192 (34.7) | 93 (43.9) | 67 (34.2) | 32 (22.1) | |
| 25–29.9 | 224 (40.5) | 75 (35.4) | 85 (43.4) | 64 (44.1) | |
| ≥30 | 137 (24.8) | 44 (20.7) | 44 (22.4) | 49 (33.8) | |
| Stroke | 23 (4.2) | 7 (3.3) | 5 (2.6) | 11 (7.6) | .069 |
| Diabetes | 92 (16.6) | 36 (17.0) | 32 (16.3) | 24 (16.6) | .902 |
| Hypertension | 277 (50.1) | 97 (45.8) | 88 (44.9) | 92 (63.5) | .002 |
| Osteoarthritis | 315 (57.0) | 79 (37.3) | 125 (63.8) | 111 (76.6) | <.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 59 (10.7) | 16 (7.6) | 22 (11.2) | 21 (14.5) | .035 |
| Fall in the past year | 132 (23.9) | 38 (18.0) | 43 (21.9) | 51 (35.2) | <.001 |
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 25 (4.6) (547/553) | 8 (3.9) | 4 (2.1) | 13 (9.0) | .043 |
| MMSE score | 28.5 ± 1.4 (512/553) | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 28.7 ± 1.1 | 28.4 ± 1.6 | .013 |
| Usual gait speed (m/s) | 1.12 ± 0.24 (551/553) | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | .008 |
| TAC (x1000 counts) | 2109. 3 ± 550.4 | 2089.5 ± 561.8 | 2098.2 ± 551.1 | 2153.4 ± 533.6 | .527 |
| ASTP (%) | 24.6 ± 5.7 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 25.1 ± 6.1 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | .339 |
| Active time (mins) | 420.4 ± 101.6 | 417.5 ± 102.6 | 418.4 ± 102.6 | 427.2 ± 99.0 | .638 |
| Characteristics . | Total, N = 553 . | Pain Distribution . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Pain, n = 212 (38.3%) . | Single-site Pain, n = 196 (35.4%) . | Multisite pain, n = 145 (26.2%) . | p Value* . | ||
| Mean (SD) or n (%) . | Mean (SD) or n (%) . | . | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 75.8 ± 8.4 | 76.9 ± 8.3 | 75.4 ± 8.4 | 74.8 ± 8.5 | .045 |
| Sex | .097 | ||||
| Male | 252 (45.6) | 102 (48.1) | 94 (48.0) | 56 (38.6) | |
| Female | 301 (54.4) | 110 (51.9) | 102 (52.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 385 (69.6) | 149 (70.3) | 147 (75.0) | 89 (61.4) | |
| Black | 136 (24.6) | 45 (21.2) | 38 (19.4) | 53 (36.5) | |
| Other | 32 (5.8) | 18 (8.5) | 11 (5.6) | 3 (2.1) | |
| Education level | .137 | ||||
| <College graduation | 79 (14.3) | 23 (10.8) | 27 (13.8) | 29 (20.0) | |
| College graduation | 109 (19.7) | 44 (20.8) | 45 (23.0) | 20 (13.8) | |
| >College graduation | 365 (66.0) | 145 (68.4) | 124 (63.3) | 96 (66.2) | |
| BMI | <.001 | ||||
| <25 | 192 (34.7) | 93 (43.9) | 67 (34.2) | 32 (22.1) | |
| 25–29.9 | 224 (40.5) | 75 (35.4) | 85 (43.4) | 64 (44.1) | |
| ≥30 | 137 (24.8) | 44 (20.7) | 44 (22.4) | 49 (33.8) | |
| Stroke | 23 (4.2) | 7 (3.3) | 5 (2.6) | 11 (7.6) | .069 |
| Diabetes | 92 (16.6) | 36 (17.0) | 32 (16.3) | 24 (16.6) | .902 |
| Hypertension | 277 (50.1) | 97 (45.8) | 88 (44.9) | 92 (63.5) | .002 |
| Osteoarthritis | 315 (57.0) | 79 (37.3) | 125 (63.8) | 111 (76.6) | <.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 59 (10.7) | 16 (7.6) | 22 (11.2) | 21 (14.5) | .035 |
| Fall in the past year | 132 (23.9) | 38 (18.0) | 43 (21.9) | 51 (35.2) | <.001 |
| Depression (CES-D ≥ 16) | 25 (4.6) (547/553) | 8 (3.9) | 4 (2.1) | 13 (9.0) | .043 |
| MMSE score | 28.5 ± 1.4 (512/553) | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 28.7 ± 1.1 | 28.4 ± 1.6 | .013 |
| Usual gait speed (m/s) | 1.12 ± 0.24 (551/553) | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.23 | 1.06 ± 0.26 | .008 |
| TAC (x1000 counts) | 2109. 3 ± 550.4 | 2089.5 ± 561.8 | 2098.2 ± 551.1 | 2153.4 ± 533.6 | .527 |
| ASTP (%) | 24.6 ± 5.7 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 25.1 ± 6.1 | 24.2 ± 5.2 | .339 |
| Active time (mins) | 420.4 ± 101.6 | 417.5 ± 102.6 | 418.4 ± 102.6 | 427.2 ± 99.0 | .638 |
Notes: ASTP = active-to-sedentary transition probability; BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; SD = standard deviation; TAC = total daily activity counts.
*One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for continuous variables and chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. The bold p-values indicate statistically significant results (p < .05).
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