| Characteristics | HKOS‐B (n = 7160) | HKOS‐FU (n = 933) |
| Age at cohort entry (years), mean (SD) | 52.32 (16.70) | 58.45 (11.46) |
| Female | 5279 (73.7) | 777 (78.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.68 (3.59) | 23.44 (3.77) |
| BMD at the total hip (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.13) | 0.71 (0.13) |
| BMD at the femoral neck (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.14) |
| BMD at the lumbar spine (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.93 (0.17) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 6325 (88.3) | 931 (93.8) |
| Ex‐smoker | 468 (6.5) | 43 (4.3) |
| Current smoker | 367 (5.1) | 19 (1.9) |
| Drinking status, n (%) | ||
| Never drinker | 6378 (89.1) | 685 (69.0) |
| Ex‐drinker | 234 (3.3) | 25 (2.5) |
| Current drinker | 548 (7.7) | 283 (28.5) |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 4121 (57.6) | 218 (22.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.05 (0.95) | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.66 (0.69) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.07 (0.91) | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.27 (0.82) | |
| Presence of diabetes, n (%) | 108 (10.9) |
| Characteristics | HKOS‐B (n = 7160) | HKOS‐FU (n = 933) |
| Age at cohort entry (years), mean (SD) | 52.32 (16.70) | 58.45 (11.46) |
| Female | 5279 (73.7) | 777 (78.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.68 (3.59) | 23.44 (3.77) |
| BMD at the total hip (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.13) | 0.71 (0.13) |
| BMD at the femoral neck (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.14) |
| BMD at the lumbar spine (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.93 (0.17) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 6325 (88.3) | 931 (93.8) |
| Ex‐smoker | 468 (6.5) | 43 (4.3) |
| Current smoker | 367 (5.1) | 19 (1.9) |
| Drinking status, n (%) | ||
| Never drinker | 6378 (89.1) | 685 (69.0) |
| Ex‐drinker | 234 (3.3) | 25 (2.5) |
| Current drinker | 548 (7.7) | 283 (28.5) |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 4121 (57.6) | 218 (22.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.05 (0.95) | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.66 (0.69) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.07 (0.91) | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.27 (0.82) | |
| Presence of diabetes, n (%) | 108 (10.9) |
BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HKOS = Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study; HKOS‐B = HKOS baseline cohort; HKOS‐FU = HKOS follow‐up; SD = standard deviation.
| Characteristics | HKOS‐B (n = 7160) | HKOS‐FU (n = 933) |
| Age at cohort entry (years), mean (SD) | 52.32 (16.70) | 58.45 (11.46) |
| Female | 5279 (73.7) | 777 (78.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.68 (3.59) | 23.44 (3.77) |
| BMD at the total hip (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.13) | 0.71 (0.13) |
| BMD at the femoral neck (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.14) |
| BMD at the lumbar spine (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.93 (0.17) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 6325 (88.3) | 931 (93.8) |
| Ex‐smoker | 468 (6.5) | 43 (4.3) |
| Current smoker | 367 (5.1) | 19 (1.9) |
| Drinking status, n (%) | ||
| Never drinker | 6378 (89.1) | 685 (69.0) |
| Ex‐drinker | 234 (3.3) | 25 (2.5) |
| Current drinker | 548 (7.7) | 283 (28.5) |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 4121 (57.6) | 218 (22.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.05 (0.95) | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.66 (0.69) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.07 (0.91) | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.27 (0.82) | |
| Presence of diabetes, n (%) | 108 (10.9) |
| Characteristics | HKOS‐B (n = 7160) | HKOS‐FU (n = 933) |
| Age at cohort entry (years), mean (SD) | 52.32 (16.70) | 58.45 (11.46) |
| Female | 5279 (73.7) | 777 (78.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 22.68 (3.59) | 23.44 (3.77) |
| BMD at the total hip (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.13) | 0.71 (0.13) |
| BMD at the femoral neck (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.14) |
| BMD at the lumbar spine (g/cm2), mean (SD) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.93 (0.17) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||
| Never smoker | 6325 (88.3) | 931 (93.8) |
| Ex‐smoker | 468 (6.5) | 43 (4.3) |
| Current smoker | 367 (5.1) | 19 (1.9) |
| Drinking status, n (%) | ||
| Never drinker | 6378 (89.1) | 685 (69.0) |
| Ex‐drinker | 234 (3.3) | 25 (2.5) |
| Current drinker | 548 (7.7) | 283 (28.5) |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 4121 (57.6) | 218 (22.0) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.05 (0.95) | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.66 (0.69) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.07 (0.91) | |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.27 (0.82) | |
| Presence of diabetes, n (%) | 108 (10.9) |
BMD = bone mineral density; BMI = body mass index; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HKOS = Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study; HKOS‐B = HKOS baseline cohort; HKOS‐FU = HKOS follow‐up; SD = standard deviation.
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