Table 1.
Open in new tab

Characteristics of Included Studies

StudyYearAge LimitStudy DesignSample SizeCountryScoring System/CriteriaReference StandardHIV Status (Prevalence)
Cartaxo et al [22]2013<15 yCross-sectional163BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)Radiology, TST, culture, microscopyNo testing
David et al [23]2017<15 yRetrospective cohort121BrazilKenneth Jones, Tidjani, MoH-Brazil (>30), Ben MaraisCXR, contact, response to treatment, culture, SSHIV+ (100%)
Farid et al [24]2013<15 yCross-sectional100PakistanModified Kenneth Jones criteriaSmear microscopy, culture, biopsy, CXR, and CTNo testing
Gunasekera et al [25]2021<13 yRetrospective cohort478South AfricaGunasekera 2021 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, and CXRHIV– (100%)
Gunasekera et al [26]2023<10 yIndividual meta-analysis4178Brazil, Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Myanmar, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, South AfricaGunasekera 2023 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, CXR, and response to treatmentHIV+ (24%)
Kumar et al [27]2013<12 yCohort study100PakistanKenneth Jones criteria, Pakistan-NTP algorithmResponse to treatment, CXR, SSNo testing
Lateo et al [28]2003<14 yCross-sectional494PhilippinesIUATLDCultureNo testing
Marcy et al [29]2019<13 yCohort study438Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, VietnamMarcy algorithmQFT, ultrasound, CXR, cultureHIV+ (100%)
Migliori et al [30]1992<5 yCross-sectional210UgandaGhidey and HabteSmear microscopy, TST, CXR, contact, SSNo testing
Mutabazi et al [31]2009<15 yCross-sectional252TanzaniaKeith EdwardsCulture, GeneXpertHIV+ (100%)
Narayan et al [32]2003<12 yCross-sectional101IndiaKeith EdwardsCulture, histology, CXRHIV+ children excluded
Sant’Anna et al [33]2006<12 yCase-control141BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)CultureNo HIV testing
Sarkar et al [34]2009<12 yCase-control103IndiaKeith EdwardsSmear microscopy, biopsy, CXRNo HIV testing
van Beekhuizen et al [35]1998<15 yCross-sectional301Papua New GuineaKeith EdwardsCXR, TST, biopsyNo HIV testing
van Rheenen et al [36]2002<12 yCohort study147ZambiaKeith EdwardsCulture, smear microscopy, CXR, TSTHIV+ (100%)
StudyYearAge LimitStudy DesignSample SizeCountryScoring System/CriteriaReference StandardHIV Status (Prevalence)
Cartaxo et al [22]2013<15 yCross-sectional163BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)Radiology, TST, culture, microscopyNo testing
David et al [23]2017<15 yRetrospective cohort121BrazilKenneth Jones, Tidjani, MoH-Brazil (>30), Ben MaraisCXR, contact, response to treatment, culture, SSHIV+ (100%)
Farid et al [24]2013<15 yCross-sectional100PakistanModified Kenneth Jones criteriaSmear microscopy, culture, biopsy, CXR, and CTNo testing
Gunasekera et al [25]2021<13 yRetrospective cohort478South AfricaGunasekera 2021 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, and CXRHIV– (100%)
Gunasekera et al [26]2023<10 yIndividual meta-analysis4178Brazil, Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Myanmar, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, South AfricaGunasekera 2023 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, CXR, and response to treatmentHIV+ (24%)
Kumar et al [27]2013<12 yCohort study100PakistanKenneth Jones criteria, Pakistan-NTP algorithmResponse to treatment, CXR, SSNo testing
Lateo et al [28]2003<14 yCross-sectional494PhilippinesIUATLDCultureNo testing
Marcy et al [29]2019<13 yCohort study438Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, VietnamMarcy algorithmQFT, ultrasound, CXR, cultureHIV+ (100%)
Migliori et al [30]1992<5 yCross-sectional210UgandaGhidey and HabteSmear microscopy, TST, CXR, contact, SSNo testing
Mutabazi et al [31]2009<15 yCross-sectional252TanzaniaKeith EdwardsCulture, GeneXpertHIV+ (100%)
Narayan et al [32]2003<12 yCross-sectional101IndiaKeith EdwardsCulture, histology, CXRHIV+ children excluded
Sant’Anna et al [33]2006<12 yCase-control141BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)CultureNo HIV testing
Sarkar et al [34]2009<12 yCase-control103IndiaKeith EdwardsSmear microscopy, biopsy, CXRNo HIV testing
van Beekhuizen et al [35]1998<15 yCross-sectional301Papua New GuineaKeith EdwardsCXR, TST, biopsyNo HIV testing
van Rheenen et al [36]2002<12 yCohort study147ZambiaKeith EdwardsCulture, smear microscopy, CXR, TSTHIV+ (100%)

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IUATLD, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases; MoH, Ministry of Health; NTP, National Tuberculosis Program; QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold; SS, signs and symptoms; TST, tuberculin skin test;.

Table 1.
Open in new tab

Characteristics of Included Studies

StudyYearAge LimitStudy DesignSample SizeCountryScoring System/CriteriaReference StandardHIV Status (Prevalence)
Cartaxo et al [22]2013<15 yCross-sectional163BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)Radiology, TST, culture, microscopyNo testing
David et al [23]2017<15 yRetrospective cohort121BrazilKenneth Jones, Tidjani, MoH-Brazil (>30), Ben MaraisCXR, contact, response to treatment, culture, SSHIV+ (100%)
Farid et al [24]2013<15 yCross-sectional100PakistanModified Kenneth Jones criteriaSmear microscopy, culture, biopsy, CXR, and CTNo testing
Gunasekera et al [25]2021<13 yRetrospective cohort478South AfricaGunasekera 2021 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, and CXRHIV– (100%)
Gunasekera et al [26]2023<10 yIndividual meta-analysis4178Brazil, Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Myanmar, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, South AfricaGunasekera 2023 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, CXR, and response to treatmentHIV+ (24%)
Kumar et al [27]2013<12 yCohort study100PakistanKenneth Jones criteria, Pakistan-NTP algorithmResponse to treatment, CXR, SSNo testing
Lateo et al [28]2003<14 yCross-sectional494PhilippinesIUATLDCultureNo testing
Marcy et al [29]2019<13 yCohort study438Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, VietnamMarcy algorithmQFT, ultrasound, CXR, cultureHIV+ (100%)
Migliori et al [30]1992<5 yCross-sectional210UgandaGhidey and HabteSmear microscopy, TST, CXR, contact, SSNo testing
Mutabazi et al [31]2009<15 yCross-sectional252TanzaniaKeith EdwardsCulture, GeneXpertHIV+ (100%)
Narayan et al [32]2003<12 yCross-sectional101IndiaKeith EdwardsCulture, histology, CXRHIV+ children excluded
Sant’Anna et al [33]2006<12 yCase-control141BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)CultureNo HIV testing
Sarkar et al [34]2009<12 yCase-control103IndiaKeith EdwardsSmear microscopy, biopsy, CXRNo HIV testing
van Beekhuizen et al [35]1998<15 yCross-sectional301Papua New GuineaKeith EdwardsCXR, TST, biopsyNo HIV testing
van Rheenen et al [36]2002<12 yCohort study147ZambiaKeith EdwardsCulture, smear microscopy, CXR, TSTHIV+ (100%)
StudyYearAge LimitStudy DesignSample SizeCountryScoring System/CriteriaReference StandardHIV Status (Prevalence)
Cartaxo et al [22]2013<15 yCross-sectional163BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)Radiology, TST, culture, microscopyNo testing
David et al [23]2017<15 yRetrospective cohort121BrazilKenneth Jones, Tidjani, MoH-Brazil (>30), Ben MaraisCXR, contact, response to treatment, culture, SSHIV+ (100%)
Farid et al [24]2013<15 yCross-sectional100PakistanModified Kenneth Jones criteriaSmear microscopy, culture, biopsy, CXR, and CTNo testing
Gunasekera et al [25]2021<13 yRetrospective cohort478South AfricaGunasekera 2021 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, and CXRHIV– (100%)
Gunasekera et al [26]2023<10 yIndividual meta-analysis4178Brazil, Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Myanmar, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, South AfricaGunasekera 2023 algorithmSmear microscopy, GeneXpert, culture, CXR, and response to treatmentHIV+ (24%)
Kumar et al [27]2013<12 yCohort study100PakistanKenneth Jones criteria, Pakistan-NTP algorithmResponse to treatment, CXR, SSNo testing
Lateo et al [28]2003<14 yCross-sectional494PhilippinesIUATLDCultureNo testing
Marcy et al [29]2019<13 yCohort study438Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, VietnamMarcy algorithmQFT, ultrasound, CXR, cultureHIV+ (100%)
Migliori et al [30]1992<5 yCross-sectional210UgandaGhidey and HabteSmear microscopy, TST, CXR, contact, SSNo testing
Mutabazi et al [31]2009<15 yCross-sectional252TanzaniaKeith EdwardsCulture, GeneXpertHIV+ (100%)
Narayan et al [32]2003<12 yCross-sectional101IndiaKeith EdwardsCulture, histology, CXRHIV+ children excluded
Sant’Anna et al [33]2006<12 yCase-control141BrazilMoH-Brazil (>30)CultureNo HIV testing
Sarkar et al [34]2009<12 yCase-control103IndiaKeith EdwardsSmear microscopy, biopsy, CXRNo HIV testing
van Beekhuizen et al [35]1998<15 yCross-sectional301Papua New GuineaKeith EdwardsCXR, TST, biopsyNo HIV testing
van Rheenen et al [36]2002<12 yCohort study147ZambiaKeith EdwardsCulture, smear microscopy, CXR, TSTHIV+ (100%)

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IUATLD, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases; MoH, Ministry of Health; NTP, National Tuberculosis Program; QFT, QuantiFERON-TB Gold; SS, signs and symptoms; TST, tuberculin skin test;.

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