Table 1. Open in new tab Effect of...

Treatment/formulation	Rate/ha^a	E.h.	T.p.
Acephate (Orthene)/75% (SP)	1.00	36.52a*	63.04a	77.18a
Alpha-cypermethrin + acetamiprid (Fastac Duo)/10 + 20% (SC)	0.50	10.96c	33.95c	21.86c
Bifenthrin + acetamiprid (Sperto)/25 + 25% (WG)	0.30	14.50bc	2.43e	3.19d
Bifenthrin + imidacloprid (Galil SC)/25 + 5% (SC)	0.40	15.70b	37.92bc	24.94c
Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (Maxsan)/10 + 2.5% (EW)	1.00	0.68d	0.48e	22.66c
Fenitrothion + esfenvalerate (Pirephos EC^®)/80 + 4% (EC)	0.35	35.08a	54.30ab	54.02b
Fenpropathrin + acetamiprid (Bold)/7.5 + 11.2% (EW)	0.90	0.40d	49.64b	50.12b
Lambda-cyhalothrin + dinotefuran (Zeus)/8.4 + 4.8% (EW)	1.00	17.06b	16.37d	7.77d
Lambda-cyhalothrin + sulfoxaflor (Expedition)/10 + 15% (SE)	0.30	7.08c	41.83bc	20.89e
Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Engeo Pleno S)/14.1 + 10.6% (SC)	0.20	17.28b	31.20c	18.82e
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)/25% (WP) (“positive control”)	0.14	59.20a	51.86b	67.52a
Control (distilled water) (“negative control”)	—	50.10a	64.90a	71.60a
χ²		54.03	47.17	51.52
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Treatment/formulation

Rate/ha^a

E.h.

T.p.

Egg

Larval

Pupal

% hatched nymphs^b

% emerged adults^c

Acephate (Orthene)/75% (SP)

1.00

36.52a*

63.04a

77.18a

Alpha-cypermethrin + acetamiprid (Fastac Duo)/10 + 20% (SC)

0.50

10.96c

33.95c

21.86c

Bifenthrin + acetamiprid (Sperto)/25 + 25% (WG)

0.30

14.50bc

2.43e

3.19d

Bifenthrin + imidacloprid (Galil SC)/25 + 5% (SC)

0.40

15.70b

37.92bc

24.94c

Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (Maxsan)/10 + 2.5% (EW)

1.00

0.68d

0.48e

22.66c

Fenitrothion + esfenvalerate (Pirephos EC^®)/80 + 4% (EC)

0.35

35.08a

54.30ab

54.02b

Fenpropathrin + acetamiprid (Bold)/7.5 + 11.2% (EW)

0.90

0.40d

49.64b

50.12b

Lambda-cyhalothrin + dinotefuran (Zeus)/8.4 + 4.8% (EW)

1.00

17.06b

16.37d

7.77d

Lambda-cyhalothrin + sulfoxaflor (Expedition)/10 + 15% (SE)

0.30

7.08c

41.83bc

20.89e

Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Engeo Pleno S)/14.1 + 10.6% (SC)

0.20

17.28b

31.20c

18.82e

Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)/25% (WP) (“positive control”)

0.14

59.20a

51.86b

67.52a

Control (distilled water) (“negative control”)

—

50.10a

64.90a

71.60a

χ²

54.03

47.17

51.52

<0.001

Treatment/formulation	Rate/ha^a	E.h.	T.p.
Acephate (Orthene)/75% (SP)	1.00	36.52a*	63.04a	77.18a
Alpha-cypermethrin + acetamiprid (Fastac Duo)/10 + 20% (SC)	0.50	10.96c	33.95c	21.86c
Bifenthrin + acetamiprid (Sperto)/25 + 25% (WG)	0.30	14.50bc	2.43e	3.19d
Bifenthrin + imidacloprid (Galil SC)/25 + 5% (SC)	0.40	15.70b	37.92bc	24.94c
Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (Maxsan)/10 + 2.5% (EW)	1.00	0.68d	0.48e	22.66c
Fenitrothion + esfenvalerate (Pirephos EC^®)/80 + 4% (EC)	0.35	35.08a	54.30ab	54.02b
Fenpropathrin + acetamiprid (Bold)/7.5 + 11.2% (EW)	0.90	0.40d	49.64b	50.12b
Lambda-cyhalothrin + dinotefuran (Zeus)/8.4 + 4.8% (EW)	1.00	17.06b	16.37d	7.77d
Lambda-cyhalothrin + sulfoxaflor (Expedition)/10 + 15% (SE)	0.30	7.08c	41.83bc	20.89e
Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Engeo Pleno S)/14.1 + 10.6% (SC)	0.20	17.28b	31.20c	18.82e
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)/25% (WP) (“positive control”)	0.14	59.20a	51.86b	67.52a
Control (distilled water) (“negative control”)	—	50.10a	64.90a	71.60a
χ²		54.03	47.17	51.52
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Table 1.

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Effect of insecticides on eggs of the brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (E.h.), and its egg parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (T.p.), immature stages

Treatment/formulation	Rate/ha^a	E.h.	T.p.
		Egg	Larval	Pupal
		% hatched nymphs^b	% emerged adults^c
Acephate (Orthene)/75% (SP)	1.00	36.52a*	63.04a	77.18a
Alpha-cypermethrin + acetamiprid (Fastac Duo)/10 + 20% (SC)	0.50	10.96c	33.95c	21.86c
Bifenthrin + acetamiprid (Sperto)/25 + 25% (WG)	0.30	14.50bc	2.43e	3.19d
Bifenthrin + imidacloprid (Galil SC)/25 + 5% (SC)	0.40	15.70b	37.92bc	24.94c
Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (Maxsan)/10 + 2.5% (EW)	1.00	0.68d	0.48e	22.66c
Fenitrothion + esfenvalerate (Pirephos EC^®)/80 + 4% (EC)	0.35	35.08a	54.30ab	54.02b
Fenpropathrin + acetamiprid (Bold)/7.5 + 11.2% (EW)	0.90	0.40d	49.64b	50.12b
Lambda-cyhalothrin + dinotefuran (Zeus)/8.4 + 4.8% (EW)	1.00	17.06b	16.37d	7.77d
Lambda-cyhalothrin + sulfoxaflor (Expedition)/10 + 15% (SE)	0.30	7.08c	41.83bc	20.89e
Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Engeo Pleno S)/14.1 + 10.6% (SC)	0.20	17.28b	31.20c	18.82e
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)/25% (WP) (“positive control”)	0.14	59.20a	51.86b	67.52a
Control (distilled water) (“negative control”)	—	50.10a	64.90a	71.60a
χ²		54.03	47.17	51.52
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Treatment/formulation	Rate/ha^a	E.h.	T.p.
		Egg	Larval	Pupal
		% hatched nymphs^b	% emerged adults^c
Acephate (Orthene)/75% (SP)	1.00	36.52a*	63.04a	77.18a
Alpha-cypermethrin + acetamiprid (Fastac Duo)/10 + 20% (SC)	0.50	10.96c	33.95c	21.86c
Bifenthrin + acetamiprid (Sperto)/25 + 25% (WG)	0.30	14.50bc	2.43e	3.19d
Bifenthrin + imidacloprid (Galil SC)/25 + 5% (SC)	0.40	15.70b	37.92bc	24.94c
Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen (Maxsan)/10 + 2.5% (EW)	1.00	0.68d	0.48e	22.66c
Fenitrothion + esfenvalerate (Pirephos EC^®)/80 + 4% (EC)	0.35	35.08a	54.30ab	54.02b
Fenpropathrin + acetamiprid (Bold)/7.5 + 11.2% (EW)	0.90	0.40d	49.64b	50.12b
Lambda-cyhalothrin + dinotefuran (Zeus)/8.4 + 4.8% (EW)	1.00	17.06b	16.37d	7.77d
Lambda-cyhalothrin + sulfoxaflor (Expedition)/10 + 15% (SE)	0.30	7.08c	41.83bc	20.89e
Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (Engeo Pleno S)/14.1 + 10.6% (SC)	0.20	17.28b	31.20c	18.82e
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)/25% (WP) (“positive control”)	0.14	59.20a	51.86b	67.52a
Control (distilled water) (“negative control”)	—	50.10a	64.90a	71.60a
χ²		54.03	47.17	51.52
P		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

^aField rate/hectare (L or kg of product/ha).

^bOvicidal effect of insecticides on Euschistus heros.

^cSide effect of insecticides on Telenomus podisi (larval phase: insecticide exposure at 72 h postparasitism; pupal phase: insecticide exposure at 216 h postparasitism).

*Means within a column followed by same letter are not statistically different (Dunn–Bonferroni test, P < 0.05).

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