Demographics and clinical characteristics of the 11 participants who completed the study.
| Characteristics . | Values . |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 55 (50–77) |
| Male, n (%) | 9 (82) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 8 (73) |
| Black | 1 (9) |
| Asian | 2 (18) |
| Aetiology of kidney disease, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 3 (27) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Hypertension/ischaemic nephropathy | 2 (18) |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 1 (9) |
| Unknown | 1 (9) |
| Time since (months), median (IQR) | |
| Kidney failure | 10 (5–56) |
| Haemodialysis initiation | 6 (5–23) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 2 (18) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (9) |
| Hypertension | 10 (91) |
| Ischaemic/neuropathic ulcers | 1 (9) |
| Previous fracture | 2 (18) |
| Taking antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 6 (55) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Current | 1 (9) |
| Previous | 5 (45) |
| Never | 5 (45) |
| Vascular access, n (%) | |
| Left arm AVF | 9 (82) |
| Right arm AVF | 2 (18) |
| Brachiocephalic (proximal) AVF | 5 (45) |
| Radiocephalic (distal) AVF | 6 (55) |
| AVF blood flow (Qa, ml/min), median (IQR) | 719 (601–919) |
| Qa:CO ratio (%), median (IQR) | 15 (11–16) |
| Residual renal function | |
| Urine output >500 ml/24 h, n (%) | 4 (36) |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min), median (IQR) | 0.42 (0–8.0) |
| Anthropomorphic measurements, mean ± SD | |
| Euvolaemic body weight (kg) | 80.3 ± 15.8 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.5 |
| Characteristics . | Values . |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 55 (50–77) |
| Male, n (%) | 9 (82) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 8 (73) |
| Black | 1 (9) |
| Asian | 2 (18) |
| Aetiology of kidney disease, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 3 (27) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Hypertension/ischaemic nephropathy | 2 (18) |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 1 (9) |
| Unknown | 1 (9) |
| Time since (months), median (IQR) | |
| Kidney failure | 10 (5–56) |
| Haemodialysis initiation | 6 (5–23) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 2 (18) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (9) |
| Hypertension | 10 (91) |
| Ischaemic/neuropathic ulcers | 1 (9) |
| Previous fracture | 2 (18) |
| Taking antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 6 (55) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Current | 1 (9) |
| Previous | 5 (45) |
| Never | 5 (45) |
| Vascular access, n (%) | |
| Left arm AVF | 9 (82) |
| Right arm AVF | 2 (18) |
| Brachiocephalic (proximal) AVF | 5 (45) |
| Radiocephalic (distal) AVF | 6 (55) |
| AVF blood flow (Qa, ml/min), median (IQR) | 719 (601–919) |
| Qa:CO ratio (%), median (IQR) | 15 (11–16) |
| Residual renal function | |
| Urine output >500 ml/24 h, n (%) | 4 (36) |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min), median (IQR) | 0.42 (0–8.0) |
| Anthropomorphic measurements, mean ± SD | |
| Euvolaemic body weight (kg) | 80.3 ± 15.8 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.5 |
Median (25th–75th percentile) values are reported for non-parametric data, Means ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data; numbers (percentages) are reported for categorical data. HD, Haemodialysis, AVF, arteriovenous fistula, Qa, arteriovenous fistula blood flow, BMI, body mass index.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the 11 participants who completed the study.
| Characteristics . | Values . |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 55 (50–77) |
| Male, n (%) | 9 (82) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 8 (73) |
| Black | 1 (9) |
| Asian | 2 (18) |
| Aetiology of kidney disease, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 3 (27) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Hypertension/ischaemic nephropathy | 2 (18) |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 1 (9) |
| Unknown | 1 (9) |
| Time since (months), median (IQR) | |
| Kidney failure | 10 (5–56) |
| Haemodialysis initiation | 6 (5–23) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 2 (18) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (9) |
| Hypertension | 10 (91) |
| Ischaemic/neuropathic ulcers | 1 (9) |
| Previous fracture | 2 (18) |
| Taking antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 6 (55) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Current | 1 (9) |
| Previous | 5 (45) |
| Never | 5 (45) |
| Vascular access, n (%) | |
| Left arm AVF | 9 (82) |
| Right arm AVF | 2 (18) |
| Brachiocephalic (proximal) AVF | 5 (45) |
| Radiocephalic (distal) AVF | 6 (55) |
| AVF blood flow (Qa, ml/min), median (IQR) | 719 (601–919) |
| Qa:CO ratio (%), median (IQR) | 15 (11–16) |
| Residual renal function | |
| Urine output >500 ml/24 h, n (%) | 4 (36) |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min), median (IQR) | 0.42 (0–8.0) |
| Anthropomorphic measurements, mean ± SD | |
| Euvolaemic body weight (kg) | 80.3 ± 15.8 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.5 |
| Characteristics . | Values . |
|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 55 (50–77) |
| Male, n (%) | 9 (82) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 8 (73) |
| Black | 1 (9) |
| Asian | 2 (18) |
| Aetiology of kidney disease, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 3 (27) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Hypertension/ischaemic nephropathy | 2 (18) |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | 2 (18) |
| Interstitial nephritis | 1 (9) |
| Unknown | 1 (9) |
| Time since (months), median (IQR) | |
| Kidney failure | 10 (5–56) |
| Haemodialysis initiation | 6 (5–23) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 2 (18) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1 (9) |
| Hypertension | 10 (91) |
| Ischaemic/neuropathic ulcers | 1 (9) |
| Previous fracture | 2 (18) |
| Taking antihypertensive medication, n (%) | 6 (55) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Current | 1 (9) |
| Previous | 5 (45) |
| Never | 5 (45) |
| Vascular access, n (%) | |
| Left arm AVF | 9 (82) |
| Right arm AVF | 2 (18) |
| Brachiocephalic (proximal) AVF | 5 (45) |
| Radiocephalic (distal) AVF | 6 (55) |
| AVF blood flow (Qa, ml/min), median (IQR) | 719 (601–919) |
| Qa:CO ratio (%), median (IQR) | 15 (11–16) |
| Residual renal function | |
| Urine output >500 ml/24 h, n (%) | 4 (36) |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min), median (IQR) | 0.42 (0–8.0) |
| Anthropomorphic measurements, mean ± SD | |
| Euvolaemic body weight (kg) | 80.3 ± 15.8 |
| Height (m) | 1.71 ± 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 ± 4.5 |
Median (25th–75th percentile) values are reported for non-parametric data, Means ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data; numbers (percentages) are reported for categorical data. HD, Haemodialysis, AVF, arteriovenous fistula, Qa, arteriovenous fistula blood flow, BMI, body mass index.
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