Descriptive Statistics at Visits 1 and 2 and Mean Difference Between Visits Expressed as Percentages (Mean ± SD) for pQCT‐ and HR‐pQCT‐Measured Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Geometry Parameters at the Tibia in Pregnant and Non‐Pregnant Non‐Lactating Women (NPNL)
| Pregnant | NPNL | |||||
| Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | |
| HR‐pQCT distal tibia | n = 33 | n = 32 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 317.43 (68.09) | 312.73 (66.02) | −1.39 (1.73)9 | 315.26 (53.64) | 313.77 (53.70) | −0.48 (1.00)8 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 916.26 (38.81) | 908.84 (39.13) | −0.81 (1.37)8 | 921.45 (33.66) | 920.60 (33.21) | −0.08 (0.70) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 174.68 (41.33) | 171.90 (40.26) | −1.48 (1.97)9 | 165.53 (38.02) | 162.98 (37.70) | −1.56 (1.48)9 |
| Trabecular number (mm−1) | 1.98 (0.27) | 2.07 (0.30) | 4.58 (7.61)8 | 2.13 (0.27) | 2.12 (0.31) | −0.29 (7.18) |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | −5.35 (6.68)9 | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | −0.78 (6.92) |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.43 (0.08) | −3.66 (6.75)9 | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.07) | 1.10 (7.43) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 1.21 (0.29) | 1.20 (0.28) | −1.21 (1.75)8 | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.26 (0.22) | 0.78 (1.06)9 |
| Cortical perimeter (mm) | 99.6 (8.3) | 99.80 (8.31) | 0.25 (0.25)9 | 99.91 (7.16) | 99.93 (7.15) | 0.03 (0.24) |
| pQCT 4% tibia | n = 43 | n = 34 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 306.25 (47.42) | 303.18 (46.14) | −0.95 (1.56)9 | 301.57 (40.36) | 301.39 (40.77) | −0.07 (1.04) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 227.91 (44.01) | 225.75 (44.15) | −0.98 (1.65)9 | 219.59 (39.15) | 218.70 (39.14) | −0.42 (1.08)7 |
| Total CSA (mm2) | 980.36 (115.47) | 975.63 (112.06) | −0.44 (1.40)7 | 989.76 (111.06) | 989.08 (108.15) | −0.03 (1.09) |
| pQCT 38% tibia | n = 42 | n = 35 | ||||
| Total CSA (mm2) | 378.45 (43.34) | 379.37 (43.93) | 0.24 (1.02) | 392.90 (45.52) | 394.16 (45.56) | 0.32 (1.08) |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1172.08 (19.34) | 1170.56 (18.77) | −0.13 (0.51) | 1169.09 (24.25) | 1169.23 (23.04) | 0.02 (0.40) |
| Cortical BMC (mg/mm) | 315.44 (38.98) | 315.18 (39.11) | −0.07 (1.35) | 324.76 (40.87) | 324.59 (40.97) | −0.05 (1.03) |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 269.21 (33.59) | 269.36 (33.98) | 0.06 (1.39) | 277.81 (34.70) | 277.60 (34.54) | −0.07 (1.26) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 4.84 (0.44) | 4.82 (0.45) | −0.49 (1.65) | 4.91 (0.55) | 4.88 (0.55) | −0.69 (1.58)7 |
| Periosteal circumference (mm) | 70.75 (4.18) | 70.98 (4.16) | 0.33 (0.86)7 | 72.09 (4.59) | 72.35 (4.58) | 0.35 (0.73)8 |
| Endosteal circumference (mm) | 40.34 (3.52) | 40.72 (3.52) | 0.97 (2.19)8 | 41.24 (5.20) | 41.70 (5.25) | 1.14 (2.06)8 |
| Pregnant | NPNL | |||||
| Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | |
| HR‐pQCT distal tibia | n = 33 | n = 32 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 317.43 (68.09) | 312.73 (66.02) | −1.39 (1.73)9 | 315.26 (53.64) | 313.77 (53.70) | −0.48 (1.00)8 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 916.26 (38.81) | 908.84 (39.13) | −0.81 (1.37)8 | 921.45 (33.66) | 920.60 (33.21) | −0.08 (0.70) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 174.68 (41.33) | 171.90 (40.26) | −1.48 (1.97)9 | 165.53 (38.02) | 162.98 (37.70) | −1.56 (1.48)9 |
| Trabecular number (mm−1) | 1.98 (0.27) | 2.07 (0.30) | 4.58 (7.61)8 | 2.13 (0.27) | 2.12 (0.31) | −0.29 (7.18) |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | −5.35 (6.68)9 | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | −0.78 (6.92) |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.43 (0.08) | −3.66 (6.75)9 | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.07) | 1.10 (7.43) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 1.21 (0.29) | 1.20 (0.28) | −1.21 (1.75)8 | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.26 (0.22) | 0.78 (1.06)9 |
| Cortical perimeter (mm) | 99.6 (8.3) | 99.80 (8.31) | 0.25 (0.25)9 | 99.91 (7.16) | 99.93 (7.15) | 0.03 (0.24) |
| pQCT 4% tibia | n = 43 | n = 34 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 306.25 (47.42) | 303.18 (46.14) | −0.95 (1.56)9 | 301.57 (40.36) | 301.39 (40.77) | −0.07 (1.04) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 227.91 (44.01) | 225.75 (44.15) | −0.98 (1.65)9 | 219.59 (39.15) | 218.70 (39.14) | −0.42 (1.08)7 |
| Total CSA (mm2) | 980.36 (115.47) | 975.63 (112.06) | −0.44 (1.40)7 | 989.76 (111.06) | 989.08 (108.15) | −0.03 (1.09) |
| pQCT 38% tibia | n = 42 | n = 35 | ||||
| Total CSA (mm2) | 378.45 (43.34) | 379.37 (43.93) | 0.24 (1.02) | 392.90 (45.52) | 394.16 (45.56) | 0.32 (1.08) |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1172.08 (19.34) | 1170.56 (18.77) | −0.13 (0.51) | 1169.09 (24.25) | 1169.23 (23.04) | 0.02 (0.40) |
| Cortical BMC (mg/mm) | 315.44 (38.98) | 315.18 (39.11) | −0.07 (1.35) | 324.76 (40.87) | 324.59 (40.97) | −0.05 (1.03) |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 269.21 (33.59) | 269.36 (33.98) | 0.06 (1.39) | 277.81 (34.70) | 277.60 (34.54) | −0.07 (1.26) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 4.84 (0.44) | 4.82 (0.45) | −0.49 (1.65) | 4.91 (0.55) | 4.88 (0.55) | −0.69 (1.58)7 |
| Periosteal circumference (mm) | 70.75 (4.18) | 70.98 (4.16) | 0.33 (0.86)7 | 72.09 (4.59) | 72.35 (4.58) | 0.35 (0.73)8 |
| Endosteal circumference (mm) | 40.34 (3.52) | 40.72 (3.52) | 0.97 (2.19)8 | 41.24 (5.20) | 41.70 (5.25) | 1.14 (2.06)8 |
Bold indicates a statistically significant finding i.e. (p < .05).
vBMD = volumetric bone mineral density; CSA = cross‐sectional area.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001 single‐sided t test versus 0.
Descriptive Statistics at Visits 1 and 2 and Mean Difference Between Visits Expressed as Percentages (Mean ± SD) for pQCT‐ and HR‐pQCT‐Measured Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Geometry Parameters at the Tibia in Pregnant and Non‐Pregnant Non‐Lactating Women (NPNL)
| Pregnant | NPNL | |||||
| Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | |
| HR‐pQCT distal tibia | n = 33 | n = 32 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 317.43 (68.09) | 312.73 (66.02) | −1.39 (1.73)9 | 315.26 (53.64) | 313.77 (53.70) | −0.48 (1.00)8 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 916.26 (38.81) | 908.84 (39.13) | −0.81 (1.37)8 | 921.45 (33.66) | 920.60 (33.21) | −0.08 (0.70) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 174.68 (41.33) | 171.90 (40.26) | −1.48 (1.97)9 | 165.53 (38.02) | 162.98 (37.70) | −1.56 (1.48)9 |
| Trabecular number (mm−1) | 1.98 (0.27) | 2.07 (0.30) | 4.58 (7.61)8 | 2.13 (0.27) | 2.12 (0.31) | −0.29 (7.18) |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | −5.35 (6.68)9 | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | −0.78 (6.92) |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.43 (0.08) | −3.66 (6.75)9 | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.07) | 1.10 (7.43) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 1.21 (0.29) | 1.20 (0.28) | −1.21 (1.75)8 | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.26 (0.22) | 0.78 (1.06)9 |
| Cortical perimeter (mm) | 99.6 (8.3) | 99.80 (8.31) | 0.25 (0.25)9 | 99.91 (7.16) | 99.93 (7.15) | 0.03 (0.24) |
| pQCT 4% tibia | n = 43 | n = 34 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 306.25 (47.42) | 303.18 (46.14) | −0.95 (1.56)9 | 301.57 (40.36) | 301.39 (40.77) | −0.07 (1.04) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 227.91 (44.01) | 225.75 (44.15) | −0.98 (1.65)9 | 219.59 (39.15) | 218.70 (39.14) | −0.42 (1.08)7 |
| Total CSA (mm2) | 980.36 (115.47) | 975.63 (112.06) | −0.44 (1.40)7 | 989.76 (111.06) | 989.08 (108.15) | −0.03 (1.09) |
| pQCT 38% tibia | n = 42 | n = 35 | ||||
| Total CSA (mm2) | 378.45 (43.34) | 379.37 (43.93) | 0.24 (1.02) | 392.90 (45.52) | 394.16 (45.56) | 0.32 (1.08) |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1172.08 (19.34) | 1170.56 (18.77) | −0.13 (0.51) | 1169.09 (24.25) | 1169.23 (23.04) | 0.02 (0.40) |
| Cortical BMC (mg/mm) | 315.44 (38.98) | 315.18 (39.11) | −0.07 (1.35) | 324.76 (40.87) | 324.59 (40.97) | −0.05 (1.03) |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 269.21 (33.59) | 269.36 (33.98) | 0.06 (1.39) | 277.81 (34.70) | 277.60 (34.54) | −0.07 (1.26) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 4.84 (0.44) | 4.82 (0.45) | −0.49 (1.65) | 4.91 (0.55) | 4.88 (0.55) | −0.69 (1.58)7 |
| Periosteal circumference (mm) | 70.75 (4.18) | 70.98 (4.16) | 0.33 (0.86)7 | 72.09 (4.59) | 72.35 (4.58) | 0.35 (0.73)8 |
| Endosteal circumference (mm) | 40.34 (3.52) | 40.72 (3.52) | 0.97 (2.19)8 | 41.24 (5.20) | 41.70 (5.25) | 1.14 (2.06)8 |
| Pregnant | NPNL | |||||
| Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | Visit 1 | Visit 2 | ∆% | |
| HR‐pQCT distal tibia | n = 33 | n = 32 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 317.43 (68.09) | 312.73 (66.02) | −1.39 (1.73)9 | 315.26 (53.64) | 313.77 (53.70) | −0.48 (1.00)8 |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 916.26 (38.81) | 908.84 (39.13) | −0.81 (1.37)8 | 921.45 (33.66) | 920.60 (33.21) | −0.08 (0.70) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 174.68 (41.33) | 171.90 (40.26) | −1.48 (1.97)9 | 165.53 (38.02) | 162.98 (37.70) | −1.56 (1.48)9 |
| Trabecular number (mm−1) | 1.98 (0.27) | 2.07 (0.30) | 4.58 (7.61)8 | 2.13 (0.27) | 2.12 (0.31) | −0.29 (7.18) |
| Trabecular thickness (mm) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | −5.35 (6.68)9 | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | −0.78 (6.92) |
| Trabecular separation (mm) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.43 (0.08) | −3.66 (6.75)9 | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.07) | 1.10 (7.43) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 1.21 (0.29) | 1.20 (0.28) | −1.21 (1.75)8 | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.26 (0.22) | 0.78 (1.06)9 |
| Cortical perimeter (mm) | 99.6 (8.3) | 99.80 (8.31) | 0.25 (0.25)9 | 99.91 (7.16) | 99.93 (7.15) | 0.03 (0.24) |
| pQCT 4% tibia | n = 43 | n = 34 | ||||
| Total vBMD (mg/cm3) | 306.25 (47.42) | 303.18 (46.14) | −0.95 (1.56)9 | 301.57 (40.36) | 301.39 (40.77) | −0.07 (1.04) |
| Trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3) | 227.91 (44.01) | 225.75 (44.15) | −0.98 (1.65)9 | 219.59 (39.15) | 218.70 (39.14) | −0.42 (1.08)7 |
| Total CSA (mm2) | 980.36 (115.47) | 975.63 (112.06) | −0.44 (1.40)7 | 989.76 (111.06) | 989.08 (108.15) | −0.03 (1.09) |
| pQCT 38% tibia | n = 42 | n = 35 | ||||
| Total CSA (mm2) | 378.45 (43.34) | 379.37 (43.93) | 0.24 (1.02) | 392.90 (45.52) | 394.16 (45.56) | 0.32 (1.08) |
| Cortical vBMD (mg/cm3) | 1172.08 (19.34) | 1170.56 (18.77) | −0.13 (0.51) | 1169.09 (24.25) | 1169.23 (23.04) | 0.02 (0.40) |
| Cortical BMC (mg/mm) | 315.44 (38.98) | 315.18 (39.11) | −0.07 (1.35) | 324.76 (40.87) | 324.59 (40.97) | −0.05 (1.03) |
| Cortical CSA (mm2) | 269.21 (33.59) | 269.36 (33.98) | 0.06 (1.39) | 277.81 (34.70) | 277.60 (34.54) | −0.07 (1.26) |
| Cortical thickness (mm) | 4.84 (0.44) | 4.82 (0.45) | −0.49 (1.65) | 4.91 (0.55) | 4.88 (0.55) | −0.69 (1.58)7 |
| Periosteal circumference (mm) | 70.75 (4.18) | 70.98 (4.16) | 0.33 (0.86)7 | 72.09 (4.59) | 72.35 (4.58) | 0.35 (0.73)8 |
| Endosteal circumference (mm) | 40.34 (3.52) | 40.72 (3.52) | 0.97 (2.19)8 | 41.24 (5.20) | 41.70 (5.25) | 1.14 (2.06)8 |
Bold indicates a statistically significant finding i.e. (p < .05).
vBMD = volumetric bone mineral density; CSA = cross‐sectional area.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001 single‐sided t test versus 0.
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