Change in clinical and echocardiographic parameters from admission to discharge in patients admitted to the hospital for AHF according to LVEF at discharge
| . | Admission . | Change from admission to discharge, Δ [95% CI] . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . |
| Body weight (kg) | 87 (20) | 90 (21) | 84 (22) | 0.363 | −4.4 (−5.7, −2.8) | −3.7 (−6.2, −0.9) | −2.6 (−3.8, −1.9) | 0.032b |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 6152 (4124, 10428) | 3982 (2457, 5808) | 2968 (1249, 6397) | 0.001b | −3942 (−5737, −1922) | −2008 (−3800, 423) | −2392 (−3490, −1063) | 0.061b |
| HR (min−1) | 84 (19) | 75 (24) | 74 (17) | 0.016b | −12 (−17, −7) | −2 (−11, 8) | −7 (−11, −3) | 0.059 |
| SET (ms) | 244 (39) | 279 (36) | 300 (46) | <0.001ab | 20 (11, 30) | −5 (−21, 10) | 10 (−0, 19) | 0.025a |
| SETc (ms) | 269 (35) | 294 (27) | 317 (35) | <0.001abc | 9 (1, 17) | −5 (−21, 10) | 1 (−7, 9) | 0.110 |
| LVEF (%) | 25 (8) | 46 (6) | 60 (11) | <0.001abc | 11 (7, 15) | 3 (−1, 8) | 1 (−2, 3) | 0.004b |
| LVEDV (mL) | 161 (120, 208) | 100 (64, 134) | 79 (67, 114) | <0.001 ab | −9 (−20, 3) | −27 (−55, 1) | −5 (−12, 4) | 0.409 |
| SV (mL) | 39 (27, 48) | 46 (30, 69) | 50 (38, 72) | 0.002b | 4 (+0, 8) | −14 (−27, −1) | −1 (−6, 3) | 0.065a |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.2 (2.2, 4.2) | 3.7 (2.2, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.8, 4.8) | 0.222 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.3) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | 0.334 |
| E/e´ | 19 (13, 25) | 20 (16, 20) | 17 (12, 22) | 0.590 | 4 (−7,12) | 13 (+0, 25) | 2 (−1, 5) | 0.577 |
| TRmaxPG (mmHg) | 41 (11) | 41 (15) | 44 (14) | 0.502 | −3 (−6, + 0) | −4 (−10, 2) | −6 (−9, −3) | 0.539 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 2.85 (2.20, 3.76) | 1.94 (1.72, 3.50) | 2.43 (1.67, 3.07) | 0.038b | −0.46 (−0.82, −0.05) | 0.63 (−0.46, 1.64) | 0.06 (−0.36, 0.43) | 0.114 |
| Ees (mmHg/mL) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.20) | 2.28 (1.43, 2.95) | 3.87 (2.76, 5.22) | <0.001abc | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.45 (−0.75, 1.60) | 0.18 (−0.40, 0.71) | 0.706 |
| . | Admission . | Change from admission to discharge, Δ [95% CI] . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . |
| Body weight (kg) | 87 (20) | 90 (21) | 84 (22) | 0.363 | −4.4 (−5.7, −2.8) | −3.7 (−6.2, −0.9) | −2.6 (−3.8, −1.9) | 0.032b |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 6152 (4124, 10428) | 3982 (2457, 5808) | 2968 (1249, 6397) | 0.001b | −3942 (−5737, −1922) | −2008 (−3800, 423) | −2392 (−3490, −1063) | 0.061b |
| HR (min−1) | 84 (19) | 75 (24) | 74 (17) | 0.016b | −12 (−17, −7) | −2 (−11, 8) | −7 (−11, −3) | 0.059 |
| SET (ms) | 244 (39) | 279 (36) | 300 (46) | <0.001ab | 20 (11, 30) | −5 (−21, 10) | 10 (−0, 19) | 0.025a |
| SETc (ms) | 269 (35) | 294 (27) | 317 (35) | <0.001abc | 9 (1, 17) | −5 (−21, 10) | 1 (−7, 9) | 0.110 |
| LVEF (%) | 25 (8) | 46 (6) | 60 (11) | <0.001abc | 11 (7, 15) | 3 (−1, 8) | 1 (−2, 3) | 0.004b |
| LVEDV (mL) | 161 (120, 208) | 100 (64, 134) | 79 (67, 114) | <0.001 ab | −9 (−20, 3) | −27 (−55, 1) | −5 (−12, 4) | 0.409 |
| SV (mL) | 39 (27, 48) | 46 (30, 69) | 50 (38, 72) | 0.002b | 4 (+0, 8) | −14 (−27, −1) | −1 (−6, 3) | 0.065a |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.2 (2.2, 4.2) | 3.7 (2.2, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.8, 4.8) | 0.222 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.3) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | 0.334 |
| E/e´ | 19 (13, 25) | 20 (16, 20) | 17 (12, 22) | 0.590 | 4 (−7,12) | 13 (+0, 25) | 2 (−1, 5) | 0.577 |
| TRmaxPG (mmHg) | 41 (11) | 41 (15) | 44 (14) | 0.502 | −3 (−6, + 0) | −4 (−10, 2) | −6 (−9, −3) | 0.539 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 2.85 (2.20, 3.76) | 1.94 (1.72, 3.50) | 2.43 (1.67, 3.07) | 0.038b | −0.46 (−0.82, −0.05) | 0.63 (−0.46, 1.64) | 0.06 (−0.36, 0.43) | 0.114 |
| Ees (mmHg/mL) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.20) | 2.28 (1.43, 2.95) | 3.87 (2.76, 5.22) | <0.001abc | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.45 (−0.75, 1.60) | 0.18 (−0.40, 0.71) | 0.706 |
Value are given as mean (SD) or median (Q1, Q3), as appropriate. The difference (Δ) admission to discharge was calculated subtracting the admission value from the discharge value; hence, a difference >0 indicates a prolongation of SET or SETc from admission to discharge, respectively. The respective information was available in ≥80% of participants, except for: ΔEa (n = 94), ΔLVEDV (n = 96), and E/e´ (n = 66). Pairwise comparisons, P < 0.05: a = HFrEF vs. HFmrEF, b = HFrEF vs. HFpEF, c = HFmrEF vs. HFpEF.
HFrEF, HF with reduced EF (LVEF ≤ 40%); HFmrEF, HF with mildly reduced EF (LVEF41–49%); HFpEF, HF with preserved EF (LVEF ≥ 50%); HR, heart rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; SET, systolic ejection time; SETc, HR-corrected SET; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SV, stroke volume; E, early mitral inflow velocity; e´, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus; TRmaxPG, maximal tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; Ea, afterload; Ees, left ventricular end-systolic elastance/contractility.
Change in clinical and echocardiographic parameters from admission to discharge in patients admitted to the hospital for AHF according to LVEF at discharge
| . | Admission . | Change from admission to discharge, Δ [95% CI] . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . |
| Body weight (kg) | 87 (20) | 90 (21) | 84 (22) | 0.363 | −4.4 (−5.7, −2.8) | −3.7 (−6.2, −0.9) | −2.6 (−3.8, −1.9) | 0.032b |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 6152 (4124, 10428) | 3982 (2457, 5808) | 2968 (1249, 6397) | 0.001b | −3942 (−5737, −1922) | −2008 (−3800, 423) | −2392 (−3490, −1063) | 0.061b |
| HR (min−1) | 84 (19) | 75 (24) | 74 (17) | 0.016b | −12 (−17, −7) | −2 (−11, 8) | −7 (−11, −3) | 0.059 |
| SET (ms) | 244 (39) | 279 (36) | 300 (46) | <0.001ab | 20 (11, 30) | −5 (−21, 10) | 10 (−0, 19) | 0.025a |
| SETc (ms) | 269 (35) | 294 (27) | 317 (35) | <0.001abc | 9 (1, 17) | −5 (−21, 10) | 1 (−7, 9) | 0.110 |
| LVEF (%) | 25 (8) | 46 (6) | 60 (11) | <0.001abc | 11 (7, 15) | 3 (−1, 8) | 1 (−2, 3) | 0.004b |
| LVEDV (mL) | 161 (120, 208) | 100 (64, 134) | 79 (67, 114) | <0.001 ab | −9 (−20, 3) | −27 (−55, 1) | −5 (−12, 4) | 0.409 |
| SV (mL) | 39 (27, 48) | 46 (30, 69) | 50 (38, 72) | 0.002b | 4 (+0, 8) | −14 (−27, −1) | −1 (−6, 3) | 0.065a |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.2 (2.2, 4.2) | 3.7 (2.2, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.8, 4.8) | 0.222 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.3) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | 0.334 |
| E/e´ | 19 (13, 25) | 20 (16, 20) | 17 (12, 22) | 0.590 | 4 (−7,12) | 13 (+0, 25) | 2 (−1, 5) | 0.577 |
| TRmaxPG (mmHg) | 41 (11) | 41 (15) | 44 (14) | 0.502 | −3 (−6, + 0) | −4 (−10, 2) | −6 (−9, −3) | 0.539 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 2.85 (2.20, 3.76) | 1.94 (1.72, 3.50) | 2.43 (1.67, 3.07) | 0.038b | −0.46 (−0.82, −0.05) | 0.63 (−0.46, 1.64) | 0.06 (−0.36, 0.43) | 0.114 |
| Ees (mmHg/mL) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.20) | 2.28 (1.43, 2.95) | 3.87 (2.76, 5.22) | <0.001abc | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.45 (−0.75, 1.60) | 0.18 (−0.40, 0.71) | 0.706 |
| . | Admission . | Change from admission to discharge, Δ [95% CI] . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . | HFrEF n = 52 . | HFmrEF n = 16 . | HFpEF n = 66 . | P-value . |
| Body weight (kg) | 87 (20) | 90 (21) | 84 (22) | 0.363 | −4.4 (−5.7, −2.8) | −3.7 (−6.2, −0.9) | −2.6 (−3.8, −1.9) | 0.032b |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 6152 (4124, 10428) | 3982 (2457, 5808) | 2968 (1249, 6397) | 0.001b | −3942 (−5737, −1922) | −2008 (−3800, 423) | −2392 (−3490, −1063) | 0.061b |
| HR (min−1) | 84 (19) | 75 (24) | 74 (17) | 0.016b | −12 (−17, −7) | −2 (−11, 8) | −7 (−11, −3) | 0.059 |
| SET (ms) | 244 (39) | 279 (36) | 300 (46) | <0.001ab | 20 (11, 30) | −5 (−21, 10) | 10 (−0, 19) | 0.025a |
| SETc (ms) | 269 (35) | 294 (27) | 317 (35) | <0.001abc | 9 (1, 17) | −5 (−21, 10) | 1 (−7, 9) | 0.110 |
| LVEF (%) | 25 (8) | 46 (6) | 60 (11) | <0.001abc | 11 (7, 15) | 3 (−1, 8) | 1 (−2, 3) | 0.004b |
| LVEDV (mL) | 161 (120, 208) | 100 (64, 134) | 79 (67, 114) | <0.001 ab | −9 (−20, 3) | −27 (−55, 1) | −5 (−12, 4) | 0.409 |
| SV (mL) | 39 (27, 48) | 46 (30, 69) | 50 (38, 72) | 0.002b | 4 (+0, 8) | −14 (−27, −1) | −1 (−6, 3) | 0.065a |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 3.2 (2.2, 4.2) | 3.7 (2.2, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.8, 4.8) | 0.222 | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.2) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.3) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | 0.334 |
| E/e´ | 19 (13, 25) | 20 (16, 20) | 17 (12, 22) | 0.590 | 4 (−7,12) | 13 (+0, 25) | 2 (−1, 5) | 0.577 |
| TRmaxPG (mmHg) | 41 (11) | 41 (15) | 44 (14) | 0.502 | −3 (−6, + 0) | −4 (−10, 2) | −6 (−9, −3) | 0.539 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 2.85 (2.20, 3.76) | 1.94 (1.72, 3.50) | 2.43 (1.67, 3.07) | 0.038b | −0.46 (−0.82, −0.05) | 0.63 (−0.46, 1.64) | 0.06 (−0.36, 0.43) | 0.114 |
| Ees (mmHg/mL) | 0.93 (0.65, 1.20) | 2.28 (1.43, 2.95) | 3.87 (2.76, 5.22) | <0.001abc | 0.07 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.45 (−0.75, 1.60) | 0.18 (−0.40, 0.71) | 0.706 |
Value are given as mean (SD) or median (Q1, Q3), as appropriate. The difference (Δ) admission to discharge was calculated subtracting the admission value from the discharge value; hence, a difference >0 indicates a prolongation of SET or SETc from admission to discharge, respectively. The respective information was available in ≥80% of participants, except for: ΔEa (n = 94), ΔLVEDV (n = 96), and E/e´ (n = 66). Pairwise comparisons, P < 0.05: a = HFrEF vs. HFmrEF, b = HFrEF vs. HFpEF, c = HFmrEF vs. HFpEF.
HFrEF, HF with reduced EF (LVEF ≤ 40%); HFmrEF, HF with mildly reduced EF (LVEF41–49%); HFpEF, HF with preserved EF (LVEF ≥ 50%); HR, heart rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; SET, systolic ejection time; SETc, HR-corrected SET; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SV, stroke volume; E, early mitral inflow velocity; e´, early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus; TRmaxPG, maximal tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; Ea, afterload; Ees, left ventricular end-systolic elastance/contractility.
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