Table 3 Open in new tab Association of...

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
RVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	146.8 ± 34.6	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	151.3 ± 39.8	4.51 (1.33–7.70)	0.005	3.89 (1.44–6.34)	0.002	3.00 (0.05–5.95)	0.046
Carotid IMT quartile 3	149.6 ± 36.0	2.78 (−0.41–5.97)	0.087	2.60 (0.03–5.17)	0.048	1.06 (−2.08–4.20)	0.509
Carotid IMT quartile 4	158.9 ± 37.7	12.14 (8.95–15.33)	<0.001	6.45 (3.72–9.18)	<0.001	6.08 (2.80–9.37)	<0.001
RVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	65.2 ± 21.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	66.8 ± 23.5	1.59 (−0.32–3.51)	0.103	1.62 (0.04–3.21)	0.045	1.50 (−0.42–3.42)	0.126
Carotid IMT quartile 3	65.5 ± 21.7	0.31 (−1.61–2.23)	0.756	0.64 (−1.02–2.31)	0.449	0.11 (−1.94–2.15)	0.920
Carotid IMT quartile 4	70.2 ± 22.9	5.00 (3.07–6.92)	<0.001	1.97 (0.20–3.74)	0.029	2.13 (−0.01–4.28)	0.050
RVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.6 ± 17.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.5 ± 20.2	2.91 (1.26–4.55)	<0.001	2.24 (0.81–3.67)	0.002	1.48 (−0.25–3.21)	0.095
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.1 ± 18.9	2.49 (0.84–4.14)	0.003	1.95 (0.45–3.46)	0.011	0.96 (−0.88–2.81)	0.305
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.8 ± 19.8	7.14 (5.50–8.79)	<0.001	4.47 (2.87–6.06)	<0.001	3.94 (2.01–5.87)	<0.001
RVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.2 ± 6.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	56.5 ± 6.3	0.32 (−0.24–0.87)	0.264	0.12 (−0.46–0.71)	0.675	−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)	0.839
Carotid IMT quartile 3	56.8 ± 6.6	0.61 (0.05–1.16)	0.033	0.36 (−0.26–0.97)	0.256	0.25 (−0.50–1.01)	0.511
Carotid IMT quartile 4	56.4 ± 6.6	0.21 (−0.34–0.77)	0.452	0.59 (−0.06–1.25)	0.073	0.32 (−0.47–1.12)	0.423
Maximal LA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	70.7 ± 21.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	72.6 ± 24.6	1.93 (−0.23–4.10)	0.080	2.63 (0.38–4.88)	0.022	1.25 (−1.45–3.96)	0.364
Carotid IMT quartile 3	73.8 ± 23.3	2.04 (−0.14–4.21)	0.067	3.54 (1.16–5.91)	0.004	2.39 (−0.52–5.29)	0.107
Carotid IMT quartile 4	79.7 ± 29.4	9.00 (6.80–11.14)	<0.001	9.77 (7.25–12.29)	<0.001	8.85 (5.81–11.88)	<0.001
LA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	61.9 ± 8.2	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	60.8 ± 9.4	−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)	0.006	−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)	0.103	−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	60.4 ± 9.4	−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)	<0.001	−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)	0.235	−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)	0.226
Carotid IMT quartile 4	57.8 ± 10.6	−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)	<0.001	−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)	<0.001	−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)	<0.001
Maximal RA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	76.0 ± 22.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	79.3 ± 26.7	3.27 (1.03–5.52)	0.004	1.70 (−0.43–3.82)	0.118	0.82 (1.73–3.37)	0.530
Carotid IMT quartile 3	78.2 ± 24.6	2.23 (−0.02–4.48)	0.063	0.00 (−2.24–2.24)	0.999	−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)	0.639
Carotid IMT quartile 4	82.9 ± 29.0	6.89 (4.64–9.14)	<0.001	0.62 (−1.76–3.00)	0.611	−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)	0.891
RA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	44.1 ± 10.1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	43.1 ± 10.2	−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)	0.045	−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)	0.640	0.03 (1.13–1.20)	0.958
Carotid IMT quartile 3	42.7 ± 10.2	−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)	0.004	0.18 (−0.83–1.20)	0.723	0.31 (−0.94–1.56)	0.628
Carotid IMT quartile 4	40.1 ± 11.6	−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)	<0.001	−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)	0.023	−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)	0.009

Mean value ± SD

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

ß (95%CI)

RVEDV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

146.8 ± 34.6

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

151.3 ± 39.8

4.51 (1.33–7.70)

0.005

3.89 (1.44–6.34)

0.002

3.00 (0.05–5.95)

0.046

Carotid IMT quartile 3

149.6 ± 36.0

2.78 (−0.41–5.97)

0.087

2.60 (0.03–5.17)

0.048

1.06 (−2.08–4.20)

0.509

Carotid IMT quartile 4

158.9 ± 37.7

12.14 (8.95–15.33)

<0.001

6.45 (3.72–9.18)

<0.001

6.08 (2.80–9.37)

<0.001

RVESV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

65.2 ± 21.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

66.8 ± 23.5

1.59 (−0.32–3.51)

0.103

1.62 (0.04–3.21)

0.045

1.50 (−0.42–3.42)

0.126

Carotid IMT quartile 3

65.5 ± 21.7

0.31 (−1.61–2.23)

0.756

0.64 (−1.02–2.31)

0.449

0.11 (−1.94–2.15)

0.920

Carotid IMT quartile 4

70.2 ± 22.9

5.00 (3.07–6.92)

<0.001

1.97 (0.20–3.74)

0.029

2.13 (−0.01–4.28)

0.050

RVSV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.6 ± 17.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

84.5 ± 20.2

2.91 (1.26–4.55)

<0.001

2.24 (0.81–3.67)

0.002

1.48 (−0.25–3.21)

0.095

Carotid IMT quartile 3

84.1 ± 18.9

2.49 (0.84–4.14)

0.003

1.95 (0.45–3.46)

0.011

0.96 (−0.88–2.81)

0.305

Carotid IMT quartile 4

88.8 ± 19.8

7.14 (5.50–8.79)

<0.001

4.47 (2.87–6.06)

<0.001

3.94 (2.01–5.87)

<0.001

RVEF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

56.2 ± 6.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

56.5 ± 6.3

0.32 (−0.24–0.87)

0.264

0.12 (−0.46–0.71)

0.675

−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)

0.839

Carotid IMT quartile 3

56.8 ± 6.6

0.61 (0.05–1.16)

0.033

0.36 (−0.26–0.97)

0.256

0.25 (−0.50–1.01)

0.511

Carotid IMT quartile 4

56.4 ± 6.6

0.21 (−0.34–0.77)

0.452

0.59 (−0.06–1.25)

0.073

0.32 (−0.47–1.12)

0.423

Maximal LA volume (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

70.7 ± 21.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

72.6 ± 24.6

1.93 (−0.23–4.10)

0.080

2.63 (0.38–4.88)

0.022

1.25 (−1.45–3.96)

0.364

Carotid IMT quartile 3

73.8 ± 23.3

2.04 (−0.14–4.21)

0.067

3.54 (1.16–5.91)

0.004

2.39 (−0.52–5.29)

0.107

Carotid IMT quartile 4

79.7 ± 29.4

9.00 (6.80–11.14)

<0.001

9.77 (7.25–12.29)

<0.001

8.85 (5.81–11.88)

<0.001

LA EF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

61.9 ± 8.2

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

60.8 ± 9.4

−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)

0.006

−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)

0.103

−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)

0.077

Carotid IMT quartile 3

60.4 ± 9.4

−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)

<0.001

−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)

0.235

−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)

0.226

Carotid IMT quartile 4

57.8 ± 10.6

−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)

<0.001

−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)

<0.001

−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)

<0.001

Maximal RA volume (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

76.0 ± 22.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

79.3 ± 26.7

3.27 (1.03–5.52)

0.004

1.70 (−0.43–3.82)

0.118

0.82 (1.73–3.37)

0.530

Carotid IMT quartile 3

78.2 ± 24.6

2.23 (−0.02–4.48)

0.063

0.00 (−2.24–2.24)

0.999

−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)

0.639

Carotid IMT quartile 4

82.9 ± 29.0

6.89 (4.64–9.14)

<0.001

0.62 (−1.76–3.00)

0.611

−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)

0.891

RA EF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

44.1 ± 10.1

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

43.1 ± 10.2

−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)

0.045

−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)

0.640

0.03 (1.13–1.20)

0.958

Carotid IMT quartile 3

42.7 ± 10.2

−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)

0.004

0.18 (−0.83–1.20)

0.723

0.31 (−0.94–1.56)

0.628

Carotid IMT quartile 4

40.1 ± 11.6

−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)

<0.001

−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)

0.023

−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)

0.009

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
RVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	146.8 ± 34.6	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	151.3 ± 39.8	4.51 (1.33–7.70)	0.005	3.89 (1.44–6.34)	0.002	3.00 (0.05–5.95)	0.046
Carotid IMT quartile 3	149.6 ± 36.0	2.78 (−0.41–5.97)	0.087	2.60 (0.03–5.17)	0.048	1.06 (−2.08–4.20)	0.509
Carotid IMT quartile 4	158.9 ± 37.7	12.14 (8.95–15.33)	<0.001	6.45 (3.72–9.18)	<0.001	6.08 (2.80–9.37)	<0.001
RVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	65.2 ± 21.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	66.8 ± 23.5	1.59 (−0.32–3.51)	0.103	1.62 (0.04–3.21)	0.045	1.50 (−0.42–3.42)	0.126
Carotid IMT quartile 3	65.5 ± 21.7	0.31 (−1.61–2.23)	0.756	0.64 (−1.02–2.31)	0.449	0.11 (−1.94–2.15)	0.920
Carotid IMT quartile 4	70.2 ± 22.9	5.00 (3.07–6.92)	<0.001	1.97 (0.20–3.74)	0.029	2.13 (−0.01–4.28)	0.050
RVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.6 ± 17.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.5 ± 20.2	2.91 (1.26–4.55)	<0.001	2.24 (0.81–3.67)	0.002	1.48 (−0.25–3.21)	0.095
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.1 ± 18.9	2.49 (0.84–4.14)	0.003	1.95 (0.45–3.46)	0.011	0.96 (−0.88–2.81)	0.305
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.8 ± 19.8	7.14 (5.50–8.79)	<0.001	4.47 (2.87–6.06)	<0.001	3.94 (2.01–5.87)	<0.001
RVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.2 ± 6.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	56.5 ± 6.3	0.32 (−0.24–0.87)	0.264	0.12 (−0.46–0.71)	0.675	−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)	0.839
Carotid IMT quartile 3	56.8 ± 6.6	0.61 (0.05–1.16)	0.033	0.36 (−0.26–0.97)	0.256	0.25 (−0.50–1.01)	0.511
Carotid IMT quartile 4	56.4 ± 6.6	0.21 (−0.34–0.77)	0.452	0.59 (−0.06–1.25)	0.073	0.32 (−0.47–1.12)	0.423
Maximal LA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	70.7 ± 21.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	72.6 ± 24.6	1.93 (−0.23–4.10)	0.080	2.63 (0.38–4.88)	0.022	1.25 (−1.45–3.96)	0.364
Carotid IMT quartile 3	73.8 ± 23.3	2.04 (−0.14–4.21)	0.067	3.54 (1.16–5.91)	0.004	2.39 (−0.52–5.29)	0.107
Carotid IMT quartile 4	79.7 ± 29.4	9.00 (6.80–11.14)	<0.001	9.77 (7.25–12.29)	<0.001	8.85 (5.81–11.88)	<0.001
LA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	61.9 ± 8.2	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	60.8 ± 9.4	−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)	0.006	−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)	0.103	−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	60.4 ± 9.4	−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)	<0.001	−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)	0.235	−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)	0.226
Carotid IMT quartile 4	57.8 ± 10.6	−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)	<0.001	−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)	<0.001	−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)	<0.001
Maximal RA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	76.0 ± 22.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	79.3 ± 26.7	3.27 (1.03–5.52)	0.004	1.70 (−0.43–3.82)	0.118	0.82 (1.73–3.37)	0.530
Carotid IMT quartile 3	78.2 ± 24.6	2.23 (−0.02–4.48)	0.063	0.00 (−2.24–2.24)	0.999	−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)	0.639
Carotid IMT quartile 4	82.9 ± 29.0	6.89 (4.64–9.14)	<0.001	0.62 (−1.76–3.00)	0.611	−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)	0.891
RA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	44.1 ± 10.1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	43.1 ± 10.2	−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)	0.045	−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)	0.640	0.03 (1.13–1.20)	0.958
Carotid IMT quartile 3	42.7 ± 10.2	−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)	0.004	0.18 (−0.83–1.20)	0.723	0.31 (−0.94–1.56)	0.628
Carotid IMT quartile 4	40.1 ± 11.6	−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)	<0.001	−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)	0.023	−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)	0.009

Mean value ± SD

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

ß (95%CI)

RVEDV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

146.8 ± 34.6

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

151.3 ± 39.8

4.51 (1.33–7.70)

0.005

3.89 (1.44–6.34)

0.002

3.00 (0.05–5.95)

0.046

Carotid IMT quartile 3

149.6 ± 36.0

2.78 (−0.41–5.97)

0.087

2.60 (0.03–5.17)

0.048

1.06 (−2.08–4.20)

0.509

Carotid IMT quartile 4

158.9 ± 37.7

12.14 (8.95–15.33)

<0.001

6.45 (3.72–9.18)

<0.001

6.08 (2.80–9.37)

<0.001

RVESV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

65.2 ± 21.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

66.8 ± 23.5

1.59 (−0.32–3.51)

0.103

1.62 (0.04–3.21)

0.045

1.50 (−0.42–3.42)

0.126

Carotid IMT quartile 3

65.5 ± 21.7

0.31 (−1.61–2.23)

0.756

0.64 (−1.02–2.31)

0.449

0.11 (−1.94–2.15)

0.920

Carotid IMT quartile 4

70.2 ± 22.9

5.00 (3.07–6.92)

<0.001

1.97 (0.20–3.74)

0.029

2.13 (−0.01–4.28)

0.050

RVSV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.6 ± 17.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

84.5 ± 20.2

2.91 (1.26–4.55)

<0.001

2.24 (0.81–3.67)

0.002

1.48 (−0.25–3.21)

0.095

Carotid IMT quartile 3

84.1 ± 18.9

2.49 (0.84–4.14)

0.003

1.95 (0.45–3.46)

0.011

0.96 (−0.88–2.81)

0.305

Carotid IMT quartile 4

88.8 ± 19.8

7.14 (5.50–8.79)

<0.001

4.47 (2.87–6.06)

<0.001

3.94 (2.01–5.87)

<0.001

RVEF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

56.2 ± 6.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

56.5 ± 6.3

0.32 (−0.24–0.87)

0.264

0.12 (−0.46–0.71)

0.675

−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)

0.839

Carotid IMT quartile 3

56.8 ± 6.6

0.61 (0.05–1.16)

0.033

0.36 (−0.26–0.97)

0.256

0.25 (−0.50–1.01)

0.511

Carotid IMT quartile 4

56.4 ± 6.6

0.21 (−0.34–0.77)

0.452

0.59 (−0.06–1.25)

0.073

0.32 (−0.47–1.12)

0.423

Maximal LA volume (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

70.7 ± 21.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

72.6 ± 24.6

1.93 (−0.23–4.10)

0.080

2.63 (0.38–4.88)

0.022

1.25 (−1.45–3.96)

0.364

Carotid IMT quartile 3

73.8 ± 23.3

2.04 (−0.14–4.21)

0.067

3.54 (1.16–5.91)

0.004

2.39 (−0.52–5.29)

0.107

Carotid IMT quartile 4

79.7 ± 29.4

9.00 (6.80–11.14)

<0.001

9.77 (7.25–12.29)

<0.001

8.85 (5.81–11.88)

<0.001

LA EF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

61.9 ± 8.2

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

60.8 ± 9.4

−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)

0.006

−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)

0.103

−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)

0.077

Carotid IMT quartile 3

60.4 ± 9.4

−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)

<0.001

−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)

0.235

−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)

0.226

Carotid IMT quartile 4

57.8 ± 10.6

−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)

<0.001

−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)

<0.001

−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)

<0.001

Maximal RA volume (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

76.0 ± 22.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

79.3 ± 26.7

3.27 (1.03–5.52)

0.004

1.70 (−0.43–3.82)

0.118

0.82 (1.73–3.37)

0.530

Carotid IMT quartile 3

78.2 ± 24.6

2.23 (−0.02–4.48)

0.063

0.00 (−2.24–2.24)

0.999

−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)

0.639

Carotid IMT quartile 4

82.9 ± 29.0

6.89 (4.64–9.14)

<0.001

0.62 (−1.76–3.00)

0.611

−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)

0.891

RA EF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

44.1 ± 10.1

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

43.1 ± 10.2

−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)

0.045

−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)

0.640

0.03 (1.13–1.20)

0.958

Carotid IMT quartile 3

42.7 ± 10.2

−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)

0.004

0.18 (−0.83–1.20)

0.723

0.31 (−0.94–1.56)

0.628

Carotid IMT quartile 4

40.1 ± 11.6

−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)

<0.001

−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)

0.023

−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)

0.009

Table 3

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Association of carotid IMT with RV and atrial structure and function

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted		Model 1		Model 2
	Mean value ± SD	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P
RVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	146.8 ± 34.6	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	151.3 ± 39.8	4.51 (1.33–7.70)	0.005	3.89 (1.44–6.34)	0.002	3.00 (0.05–5.95)	0.046
Carotid IMT quartile 3	149.6 ± 36.0	2.78 (−0.41–5.97)	0.087	2.60 (0.03–5.17)	0.048	1.06 (−2.08–4.20)	0.509
Carotid IMT quartile 4	158.9 ± 37.7	12.14 (8.95–15.33)	<0.001	6.45 (3.72–9.18)	<0.001	6.08 (2.80–9.37)	<0.001
RVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	65.2 ± 21.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	66.8 ± 23.5	1.59 (−0.32–3.51)	0.103	1.62 (0.04–3.21)	0.045	1.50 (−0.42–3.42)	0.126
Carotid IMT quartile 3	65.5 ± 21.7	0.31 (−1.61–2.23)	0.756	0.64 (−1.02–2.31)	0.449	0.11 (−1.94–2.15)	0.920
Carotid IMT quartile 4	70.2 ± 22.9	5.00 (3.07–6.92)	<0.001	1.97 (0.20–3.74)	0.029	2.13 (−0.01–4.28)	0.050
RVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.6 ± 17.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.5 ± 20.2	2.91 (1.26–4.55)	<0.001	2.24 (0.81–3.67)	0.002	1.48 (−0.25–3.21)	0.095
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.1 ± 18.9	2.49 (0.84–4.14)	0.003	1.95 (0.45–3.46)	0.011	0.96 (−0.88–2.81)	0.305
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.8 ± 19.8	7.14 (5.50–8.79)	<0.001	4.47 (2.87–6.06)	<0.001	3.94 (2.01–5.87)	<0.001
RVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.2 ± 6.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	56.5 ± 6.3	0.32 (−0.24–0.87)	0.264	0.12 (−0.46–0.71)	0.675	−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)	0.839
Carotid IMT quartile 3	56.8 ± 6.6	0.61 (0.05–1.16)	0.033	0.36 (−0.26–0.97)	0.256	0.25 (−0.50–1.01)	0.511
Carotid IMT quartile 4	56.4 ± 6.6	0.21 (−0.34–0.77)	0.452	0.59 (−0.06–1.25)	0.073	0.32 (−0.47–1.12)	0.423
Maximal LA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	70.7 ± 21.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	72.6 ± 24.6	1.93 (−0.23–4.10)	0.080	2.63 (0.38–4.88)	0.022	1.25 (−1.45–3.96)	0.364
Carotid IMT quartile 3	73.8 ± 23.3	2.04 (−0.14–4.21)	0.067	3.54 (1.16–5.91)	0.004	2.39 (−0.52–5.29)	0.107
Carotid IMT quartile 4	79.7 ± 29.4	9.00 (6.80–11.14)	<0.001	9.77 (7.25–12.29)	<0.001	8.85 (5.81–11.88)	<0.001
LA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	61.9 ± 8.2	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	60.8 ± 9.4	−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)	0.006	−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)	0.103	−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	60.4 ± 9.4	−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)	<0.001	−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)	0.235	−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)	0.226
Carotid IMT quartile 4	57.8 ± 10.6	−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)	<0.001	−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)	<0.001	−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)	<0.001
Maximal RA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	76.0 ± 22.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	79.3 ± 26.7	3.27 (1.03–5.52)	0.004	1.70 (−0.43–3.82)	0.118	0.82 (1.73–3.37)	0.530
Carotid IMT quartile 3	78.2 ± 24.6	2.23 (−0.02–4.48)	0.063	0.00 (−2.24–2.24)	0.999	−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)	0.639
Carotid IMT quartile 4	82.9 ± 29.0	6.89 (4.64–9.14)	<0.001	0.62 (−1.76–3.00)	0.611	−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)	0.891
RA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	44.1 ± 10.1	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	43.1 ± 10.2	−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)	0.045	−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)	0.640	0.03 (1.13–1.20)	0.958
Carotid IMT quartile 3	42.7 ± 10.2	−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)	0.004	0.18 (−0.83–1.20)	0.723	0.31 (−0.94–1.56)	0.628
Carotid IMT quartile 4	40.1 ± 11.6	−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)	<0.001	−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)	0.023	−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)	0.009

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted		Model 1		Model 2
	Mean value ± SD	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P
RVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	146.8 ± 34.6	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	151.3 ± 39.8	4.51 (1.33–7.70)	0.005	3.89 (1.44–6.34)	0.002	3.00 (0.05–5.95)	0.046
Carotid IMT quartile 3	149.6 ± 36.0	2.78 (−0.41–5.97)	0.087	2.60 (0.03–5.17)	0.048	1.06 (−2.08–4.20)	0.509
Carotid IMT quartile 4	158.9 ± 37.7	12.14 (8.95–15.33)	<0.001	6.45 (3.72–9.18)	<0.001	6.08 (2.80–9.37)	<0.001
RVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	65.2 ± 21.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	66.8 ± 23.5	1.59 (−0.32–3.51)	0.103	1.62 (0.04–3.21)	0.045	1.50 (−0.42–3.42)	0.126
Carotid IMT quartile 3	65.5 ± 21.7	0.31 (−1.61–2.23)	0.756	0.64 (−1.02–2.31)	0.449	0.11 (−1.94–2.15)	0.920
Carotid IMT quartile 4	70.2 ± 22.9	5.00 (3.07–6.92)	<0.001	1.97 (0.20–3.74)	0.029	2.13 (−0.01–4.28)	0.050
RVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.6 ± 17.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.5 ± 20.2	2.91 (1.26–4.55)	<0.001	2.24 (0.81–3.67)	0.002	1.48 (−0.25–3.21)	0.095
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.1 ± 18.9	2.49 (0.84–4.14)	0.003	1.95 (0.45–3.46)	0.011	0.96 (−0.88–2.81)	0.305
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.8 ± 19.8	7.14 (5.50–8.79)	<0.001	4.47 (2.87–6.06)	<0.001	3.94 (2.01–5.87)	<0.001
RVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.2 ± 6.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	56.5 ± 6.3	0.32 (−0.24–0.87)	0.264	0.12 (−0.46–0.71)	0.675	−0.07 (−0.78–0.64)	0.839
Carotid IMT quartile 3	56.8 ± 6.6	0.61 (0.05–1.16)	0.033	0.36 (−0.26–0.97)	0.256	0.25 (−0.50–1.01)	0.511
Carotid IMT quartile 4	56.4 ± 6.6	0.21 (−0.34–0.77)	0.452	0.59 (−0.06–1.25)	0.073	0.32 (−0.47–1.12)	0.423
Maximal LA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	70.7 ± 21.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	72.6 ± 24.6	1.93 (−0.23–4.10)	0.080	2.63 (0.38–4.88)	0.022	1.25 (−1.45–3.96)	0.364
Carotid IMT quartile 3	73.8 ± 23.3	2.04 (−0.14–4.21)	0.067	3.54 (1.16–5.91)	0.004	2.39 (−0.52–5.29)	0.107
Carotid IMT quartile 4	79.7 ± 29.4	9.00 (6.80–11.14)	<0.001	9.77 (7.25–12.29)	<0.001	8.85 (5.81–11.88)	<0.001
LA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	61.9 ± 8.2	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	60.8 ± 9.4	−1.15 (−2.00 to −0.33)	0.006	−0.73 (−1.61–0.15)	0.103	−0.99 (−2.09–0.11)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	60.4 ± 9.4	−1.50 (−2.30 to −0.66)	<0.001	−0.56 (−1.50–0.37)	0.235	−0.73 (−1.91–0.45)	0.226
Carotid IMT quartile 4	57.8 ± 10.6	−4.09 (−4.91 to −3.27)	<0.001	−2.18 (−3.17 to −1.20)	<0.001	−2.50 (−3.74 to −1.27)	<0.001
Maximal RA volume (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	76.0 ± 22.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	79.3 ± 26.7	3.27 (1.03–5.52)	0.004	1.70 (−0.43–3.82)	0.118	0.82 (1.73–3.37)	0.530
Carotid IMT quartile 3	78.2 ± 24.6	2.23 (−0.02–4.48)	0.063	0.00 (−2.24–2.24)	0.999	−0.65 (−3.39–2.08)	0.639
Carotid IMT quartile 4	82.9 ± 29.0	6.89 (4.64–9.14)	<0.001	0.62 (−1.76–3.00)	0.611	−0.20 (−3.07–2.66)	0.891
RA EF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	44.1 ± 10.1	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	43.1 ± 10.2	−0.94 (−1.85 to −0.02)	0.045	−0.23 (−1.19–0.73)	0.640	0.03 (1.13–1.20)	0.958
Carotid IMT quartile 3	42.7 ± 10.2	−1.34 (−2.26 to −0.42)	0.004	0.18 (−0.83–1.20)	0.723	0.31 (−0.94–1.56)	0.628
Carotid IMT quartile 4	40.1 ± 11.6	−4.00 (−4.92 to −3.09)	<0.001	−1.25 (−2.33 to −0.17)	0.023	−1.74 (−3.04 to −0.43)	0.009

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, BMI, BSA, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, alcohol intake frequency, and total cholesterol.

Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + lipoprotein A, apolipoprotein A and B, triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin, urate, and C-reactive protein.

CI, confidence interval; EF, ejection fraction; IMT, intima-media thickness; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; RVEDV, right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RVESV, right ventricular end-systolic volume; RVSV, right ventricular stroke volume.

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