Table 2 Open in new tab Association...

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
LVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	137.9 ± 31.2	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	142.2 ± 36.4	4.32 (1.41–7.23)	0.004	4.41 (2.01–6.81)	<0.001	3.70 (0.77–6.63)	0.013
Carotid IMT quartile 3	142.2 ± 33.5	4.35 (1.44–7.26)	0.003	4.91 (2.39–7.42)	<0.001	3.81 (0.69–6.93)	0.017
Carotid IMT quartile 4	150.9 ± 34.4	13.07 (10.15–15.98)	<0.001	9.45 (6.78–12.13)	<0.001	9.53 (6.26–12.80)	<0.001
LVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.5 ± 18.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	58.1 ± 21.8	1.61 (−0.11–3.33)	0.066	2.03 (0.49–3.58)	0.010	1.86 (−0.08–3.81)	0.060
Carotid IMT quartile 3	58.2 ± 19.6	1.75 (0.03–3.48)	0.046	2.36 (0.74–3.99)	0.004	2.06 (−0.01–4.13)	0.052
Carotid IMT quartile 4	62.4 ± 19.9	5.91 (4.19–7.63)	<0.001	4.08 (2.35–5.80)	<0.001	4.48 (2.31–6.65)	<0.001
LVM (g)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 21.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	87.0 ± 24.8	5.59 (3.56–7.63)	<0.001	4.43 (2.95–5.90)	<0.001	3.37 (1.55–5.18)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 3	88.5 ± 23.8	7.08 (5.04–9.12)	<0.001	5.16 (3.61–6.71)	<0.001	4.46 (2.53–6.40)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 4	98.4 ± 24.9	16.97 (14.93–19.01)	<0.001	10.05 (8.41–11.70)	<0.001	9.71 (7.68–11.73)	<0.001
LVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 17.4	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.1 ± 20.1	2.71 (1.07–4.35)	0.001	2.37 (0.90–3.84)	0.002	1.83 (0.05–3.60)	0.043
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.0 ± 18.9	2.59 (0.95–4.23)	0.002	2.55 (1.01–4.09)	0.001	1.75 (−0.14–3.64)	0.070
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.5 ± 20.0	7.17 (5.52–8.81)	<0.001	5.40 (9.76–7.04)	<0.001	5.09 (3.11–7.07)	<0.001
LVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	59.4 ± 6.0	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	59.7 ± 6.4	0.22 (−0.32–0.76)	0.422	0.01 (−0.58–0.60)	0.976	0.00 (−0.72–0.72)	0.998
Carotid IMT quartile 3	59.5 ± 6.4	0.11 (−0.43–0.65)	0.695	−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)	0.705	−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)	0.430
Carotid IMT quartile 4	59.1 ± 6.6	−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)	0.235	−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)	0.864	−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)	0.392
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−17.5 ± 3.1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−17.2 ± 3.2	0.27 (−0.05–0.59)	0.102	0.20 (−1.53–0.55)	0.269	0.32 (−4.20–0.81)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−17.2 ± 3.1	0.29 (−0.03–0.61)	0.076	0.09 (−2.78–0.46)	0.631	0.40 (−5.44–0.85)	0.085
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−16.6 ± 3.3	0.90 (0.58–1.22)	<0.001	0.47 (0.07–0.86)	0.020	0.74 (0.26–1.21)	0.002
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−19.8 ± 2.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−19.7 ± 2.4	0.15 (−0.07–0.37)	0.183	0.08 (−0.15–0.31)	0.519	0.17 (−0.11–0.44)	0.233
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−19.7 ± 2.3	0.10 (−0.12–0.32)	0.375	−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)	0.670	0.11 (−1.83–0.40)	0.470
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−19.2 ± 2.4	0.59 (0.38–0.81)	<0.001	0.15 (−0.11–0.41)	0.261	0.32 (0.01–0.62	0.043
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−21.2 ± 3.0	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−20.9 ± 3.1	0.23 (−0.07–0.53)	0.133	0.18 (−0.13–0.50)	0.254	0.26 (−0.12–0.63)	0.185
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−20.8 ± 3.1	0.30 (0.00–0.60)	0.050	0.11 (−0.22–0.44)	0.505	0.39 (−0.01–0.79)	0.056
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−20.3 ± 3.1	0.85 (0.54–1.15)	<0.001	0.35 (0.00–0.71)	0.052	0.45 (0.02–0.87)	0.041
End-systolic torsion (°)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	7.3 ± 1.9	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	7.7 ± 2.1	0.37 (0.18–0.56)	<0.001	0.24 (0.04–0.45)	0.019	0.23 (−0.01–0.47)	0.061
Carotid IMT quartile 3	7.7 ± 2.0	0.42 (0.23–0.61)	<0.001	0.16 (−0.06–0.37)	0.148	0.14 (−0.12–0.39)	0.299
Carotid IMT quartile 4	7.8 ± 2.1	0.56 (0.37–0.76)	<0.001	0.30 (0.07–0.53)	0.010	0.33 (0.06–0.60)	0.018

Mean value ± SD

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

ß (95%CI)

LVEDV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

137.9 ± 31.2

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

142.2 ± 36.4

4.32 (1.41–7.23)

0.004

4.41 (2.01–6.81)

<0.001

3.70 (0.77–6.63)

0.013

Carotid IMT quartile 3

142.2 ± 33.5

4.35 (1.44–7.26)

0.003

4.91 (2.39–7.42)

<0.001

3.81 (0.69–6.93)

0.017

Carotid IMT quartile 4

150.9 ± 34.4

13.07 (10.15–15.98)

<0.001

9.45 (6.78–12.13)

<0.001

9.53 (6.26–12.80)

<0.001

LVESV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

56.5 ± 18.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

58.1 ± 21.8

1.61 (−0.11–3.33)

0.066

2.03 (0.49–3.58)

0.010

1.86 (−0.08–3.81)

0.060

Carotid IMT quartile 3

58.2 ± 19.6

1.75 (0.03–3.48)

0.046

2.36 (0.74–3.99)

0.004

2.06 (−0.01–4.13)

0.052

Carotid IMT quartile 4

62.4 ± 19.9

5.91 (4.19–7.63)

<0.001

4.08 (2.35–5.80)

<0.001

4.48 (2.31–6.65)

<0.001

LVM (g)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.4 ± 21.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

87.0 ± 24.8

5.59 (3.56–7.63)

<0.001

4.43 (2.95–5.90)

<0.001

3.37 (1.55–5.18)

<0.001

Carotid IMT quartile 3

88.5 ± 23.8

7.08 (5.04–9.12)

<0.001

5.16 (3.61–6.71)

<0.001

4.46 (2.53–6.40)

<0.001

Carotid IMT quartile 4

98.4 ± 24.9

16.97 (14.93–19.01)

<0.001

10.05 (8.41–11.70)

<0.001

9.71 (7.68–11.73)

<0.001

LVSV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.4 ± 17.4

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

84.1 ± 20.1

2.71 (1.07–4.35)

0.001

2.37 (0.90–3.84)

0.002

1.83 (0.05–3.60)

0.043

Carotid IMT quartile 3

84.0 ± 18.9

2.59 (0.95–4.23)

0.002

2.55 (1.01–4.09)

0.001

1.75 (−0.14–3.64)

0.070

Carotid IMT quartile 4

88.5 ± 20.0

7.17 (5.52–8.81)

<0.001

5.40 (9.76–7.04)

<0.001

5.09 (3.11–7.07)

<0.001

LVEF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

59.4 ± 6.0

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

59.7 ± 6.4

0.22 (−0.32–0.76)

0.422

0.01 (−0.58–0.60)

0.976

0.00 (−0.72–0.72)

0.998

Carotid IMT quartile 3

59.5 ± 6.4

0.11 (−0.43–0.65)

0.695

−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)

0.705

−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)

0.430

Carotid IMT quartile 4

59.1 ± 6.6

−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)

0.235

−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)

0.864

−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)

0.392

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−17.5 ± 3.1

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−17.2 ± 3.2

0.27 (−0.05–0.59)

0.102

0.20 (−1.53–0.55)

0.269

0.32 (−4.20–0.81)

0.077

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−17.2 ± 3.1

0.29 (−0.03–0.61)

0.076

0.09 (−2.78–0.46)

0.631

0.40 (−5.44–0.85)

0.085

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−16.6 ± 3.3

0.90 (0.58–1.22)

<0.001

0.47 (0.07–0.86)

0.020

0.74 (0.26–1.21)

0.002

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−19.8 ± 2.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−19.7 ± 2.4

0.15 (−0.07–0.37)

0.183

0.08 (−0.15–0.31)

0.519

0.17 (−0.11–0.44)

0.233

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−19.7 ± 2.3

0.10 (−0.12–0.32)

0.375

−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)

0.670

0.11 (−1.83–0.40)

0.470

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−19.2 ± 2.4

0.59 (0.38–0.81)

<0.001

0.15 (−0.11–0.41)

0.261

0.32 (0.01–0.62

0.043

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−21.2 ± 3.0

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−20.9 ± 3.1

0.23 (−0.07–0.53)

0.133

0.18 (−0.13–0.50)

0.254

0.26 (−0.12–0.63)

0.185

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−20.8 ± 3.1

0.30 (0.00–0.60)

0.050

0.11 (−0.22–0.44)

0.505

0.39 (−0.01–0.79)

0.056

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−20.3 ± 3.1

0.85 (0.54–1.15)

<0.001

0.35 (0.00–0.71)

0.052

0.45 (0.02–0.87)

0.041

End-systolic torsion (°)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

7.3 ± 1.9

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

7.7 ± 2.1

0.37 (0.18–0.56)

<0.001

0.24 (0.04–0.45)

0.019

0.23 (−0.01–0.47)

0.061

Carotid IMT quartile 3

7.7 ± 2.0

0.42 (0.23–0.61)

<0.001

0.16 (−0.06–0.37)

0.148

0.14 (−0.12–0.39)

0.299

Carotid IMT quartile 4

7.8 ± 2.1

0.56 (0.37–0.76)

<0.001

0.30 (0.07–0.53)

0.010

0.33 (0.06–0.60)

0.018

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
LVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	137.9 ± 31.2	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	142.2 ± 36.4	4.32 (1.41–7.23)	0.004	4.41 (2.01–6.81)	<0.001	3.70 (0.77–6.63)	0.013
Carotid IMT quartile 3	142.2 ± 33.5	4.35 (1.44–7.26)	0.003	4.91 (2.39–7.42)	<0.001	3.81 (0.69–6.93)	0.017
Carotid IMT quartile 4	150.9 ± 34.4	13.07 (10.15–15.98)	<0.001	9.45 (6.78–12.13)	<0.001	9.53 (6.26–12.80)	<0.001
LVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.5 ± 18.8	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	58.1 ± 21.8	1.61 (−0.11–3.33)	0.066	2.03 (0.49–3.58)	0.010	1.86 (−0.08–3.81)	0.060
Carotid IMT quartile 3	58.2 ± 19.6	1.75 (0.03–3.48)	0.046	2.36 (0.74–3.99)	0.004	2.06 (−0.01–4.13)	0.052
Carotid IMT quartile 4	62.4 ± 19.9	5.91 (4.19–7.63)	<0.001	4.08 (2.35–5.80)	<0.001	4.48 (2.31–6.65)	<0.001
LVM (g)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 21.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	87.0 ± 24.8	5.59 (3.56–7.63)	<0.001	4.43 (2.95–5.90)	<0.001	3.37 (1.55–5.18)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 3	88.5 ± 23.8	7.08 (5.04–9.12)	<0.001	5.16 (3.61–6.71)	<0.001	4.46 (2.53–6.40)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 4	98.4 ± 24.9	16.97 (14.93–19.01)	<0.001	10.05 (8.41–11.70)	<0.001	9.71 (7.68–11.73)	<0.001
LVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 17.4	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.1 ± 20.1	2.71 (1.07–4.35)	0.001	2.37 (0.90–3.84)	0.002	1.83 (0.05–3.60)	0.043
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.0 ± 18.9	2.59 (0.95–4.23)	0.002	2.55 (1.01–4.09)	0.001	1.75 (−0.14–3.64)	0.070
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.5 ± 20.0	7.17 (5.52–8.81)	<0.001	5.40 (9.76–7.04)	<0.001	5.09 (3.11–7.07)	<0.001
LVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	59.4 ± 6.0	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	59.7 ± 6.4	0.22 (−0.32–0.76)	0.422	0.01 (−0.58–0.60)	0.976	0.00 (−0.72–0.72)	0.998
Carotid IMT quartile 3	59.5 ± 6.4	0.11 (−0.43–0.65)	0.695	−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)	0.705	−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)	0.430
Carotid IMT quartile 4	59.1 ± 6.6	−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)	0.235	−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)	0.864	−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)	0.392
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−17.5 ± 3.1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−17.2 ± 3.2	0.27 (−0.05–0.59)	0.102	0.20 (−1.53–0.55)	0.269	0.32 (−4.20–0.81)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−17.2 ± 3.1	0.29 (−0.03–0.61)	0.076	0.09 (−2.78–0.46)	0.631	0.40 (−5.44–0.85)	0.085
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−16.6 ± 3.3	0.90 (0.58–1.22)	<0.001	0.47 (0.07–0.86)	0.020	0.74 (0.26–1.21)	0.002
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−19.8 ± 2.3	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−19.7 ± 2.4	0.15 (−0.07–0.37)	0.183	0.08 (−0.15–0.31)	0.519	0.17 (−0.11–0.44)	0.233
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−19.7 ± 2.3	0.10 (−0.12–0.32)	0.375	−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)	0.670	0.11 (−1.83–0.40)	0.470
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−19.2 ± 2.4	0.59 (0.38–0.81)	<0.001	0.15 (−0.11–0.41)	0.261	0.32 (0.01–0.62	0.043
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−21.2 ± 3.0	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−20.9 ± 3.1	0.23 (−0.07–0.53)	0.133	0.18 (−0.13–0.50)	0.254	0.26 (−0.12–0.63)	0.185
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−20.8 ± 3.1	0.30 (0.00–0.60)	0.050	0.11 (−0.22–0.44)	0.505	0.39 (−0.01–0.79)	0.056
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−20.3 ± 3.1	0.85 (0.54–1.15)	<0.001	0.35 (0.00–0.71)	0.052	0.45 (0.02–0.87)	0.041
End-systolic torsion (°)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	7.3 ± 1.9	Reference	Reference	Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	7.7 ± 2.1	0.37 (0.18–0.56)	<0.001	0.24 (0.04–0.45)	0.019	0.23 (−0.01–0.47)	0.061
Carotid IMT quartile 3	7.7 ± 2.0	0.42 (0.23–0.61)	<0.001	0.16 (−0.06–0.37)	0.148	0.14 (−0.12–0.39)	0.299
Carotid IMT quartile 4	7.8 ± 2.1	0.56 (0.37–0.76)	<0.001	0.30 (0.07–0.53)	0.010	0.33 (0.06–0.60)	0.018

Mean value ± SD

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

ß (95%CI)

LVEDV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

137.9 ± 31.2

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

142.2 ± 36.4

4.32 (1.41–7.23)

0.004

4.41 (2.01–6.81)

<0.001

3.70 (0.77–6.63)

0.013

Carotid IMT quartile 3

142.2 ± 33.5

4.35 (1.44–7.26)

0.003

4.91 (2.39–7.42)

<0.001

3.81 (0.69–6.93)

0.017

Carotid IMT quartile 4

150.9 ± 34.4

13.07 (10.15–15.98)

<0.001

9.45 (6.78–12.13)

<0.001

9.53 (6.26–12.80)

<0.001

LVESV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

56.5 ± 18.8

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

58.1 ± 21.8

1.61 (−0.11–3.33)

0.066

2.03 (0.49–3.58)

0.010

1.86 (−0.08–3.81)

0.060

Carotid IMT quartile 3

58.2 ± 19.6

1.75 (0.03–3.48)

0.046

2.36 (0.74–3.99)

0.004

2.06 (−0.01–4.13)

0.052

Carotid IMT quartile 4

62.4 ± 19.9

5.91 (4.19–7.63)

<0.001

4.08 (2.35–5.80)

<0.001

4.48 (2.31–6.65)

<0.001

LVM (g)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.4 ± 21.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

87.0 ± 24.8

5.59 (3.56–7.63)

<0.001

4.43 (2.95–5.90)

<0.001

3.37 (1.55–5.18)

<0.001

Carotid IMT quartile 3

88.5 ± 23.8

7.08 (5.04–9.12)

<0.001

5.16 (3.61–6.71)

<0.001

4.46 (2.53–6.40)

<0.001

Carotid IMT quartile 4

98.4 ± 24.9

16.97 (14.93–19.01)

<0.001

10.05 (8.41–11.70)

<0.001

9.71 (7.68–11.73)

<0.001

LVSV (ml)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

81.4 ± 17.4

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

84.1 ± 20.1

2.71 (1.07–4.35)

0.001

2.37 (0.90–3.84)

0.002

1.83 (0.05–3.60)

0.043

Carotid IMT quartile 3

84.0 ± 18.9

2.59 (0.95–4.23)

0.002

2.55 (1.01–4.09)

0.001

1.75 (−0.14–3.64)

0.070

Carotid IMT quartile 4

88.5 ± 20.0

7.17 (5.52–8.81)

<0.001

5.40 (9.76–7.04)

<0.001

5.09 (3.11–7.07)

<0.001

LVEF (%)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

59.4 ± 6.0

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

59.7 ± 6.4

0.22 (−0.32–0.76)

0.422

0.01 (−0.58–0.60)

0.976

0.00 (−0.72–0.72)

0.998

Carotid IMT quartile 3

59.5 ± 6.4

0.11 (−0.43–0.65)

0.695

−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)

0.705

−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)

0.430

Carotid IMT quartile 4

59.1 ± 6.6

−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)

0.235

−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)

0.864

−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)

0.392

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−17.5 ± 3.1

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−17.2 ± 3.2

0.27 (−0.05–0.59)

0.102

0.20 (−1.53–0.55)

0.269

0.32 (−4.20–0.81)

0.077

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−17.2 ± 3.1

0.29 (−0.03–0.61)

0.076

0.09 (−2.78–0.46)

0.631

0.40 (−5.44–0.85)

0.085

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−16.6 ± 3.3

0.90 (0.58–1.22)

<0.001

0.47 (0.07–0.86)

0.020

0.74 (0.26–1.21)

0.002

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−19.8 ± 2.3

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−19.7 ± 2.4

0.15 (−0.07–0.37)

0.183

0.08 (−0.15–0.31)

0.519

0.17 (−0.11–0.44)

0.233

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−19.7 ± 2.3

0.10 (−0.12–0.32)

0.375

−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)

0.670

0.11 (−1.83–0.40)

0.470

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−19.2 ± 2.4

0.59 (0.38–0.81)

<0.001

0.15 (−0.11–0.41)

0.261

0.32 (0.01–0.62

0.043

End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

−21.2 ± 3.0

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

−20.9 ± 3.1

0.23 (−0.07–0.53)

0.133

0.18 (−0.13–0.50)

0.254

0.26 (−0.12–0.63)

0.185

Carotid IMT quartile 3

−20.8 ± 3.1

0.30 (0.00–0.60)

0.050

0.11 (−0.22–0.44)

0.505

0.39 (−0.01–0.79)

0.056

Carotid IMT quartile 4

−20.3 ± 3.1

0.85 (0.54–1.15)

<0.001

0.35 (0.00–0.71)

0.052

0.45 (0.02–0.87)

0.041

End-systolic torsion (°)

Carotid IMT quartile 1

7.3 ± 1.9

Reference

Carotid IMT quartile 2

7.7 ± 2.1

0.37 (0.18–0.56)

<0.001

0.24 (0.04–0.45)

0.019

0.23 (−0.01–0.47)

0.061

Carotid IMT quartile 3

7.7 ± 2.0

0.42 (0.23–0.61)

<0.001

0.16 (−0.06–0.37)

0.148

0.14 (−0.12–0.39)

0.299

Carotid IMT quartile 4

7.8 ± 2.1

0.56 (0.37–0.76)

<0.001

0.30 (0.07–0.53)

0.010

0.33 (0.06–0.60)

0.018

Table 2

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Association between carotid IMT and LV structural and functional parameters

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted		Model 1		Model 2
	Mean value ± SD	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P
LVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	137.9 ± 31.2	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	142.2 ± 36.4	4.32 (1.41–7.23)	0.004	4.41 (2.01–6.81)	<0.001	3.70 (0.77–6.63)	0.013
Carotid IMT quartile 3	142.2 ± 33.5	4.35 (1.44–7.26)	0.003	4.91 (2.39–7.42)	<0.001	3.81 (0.69–6.93)	0.017
Carotid IMT quartile 4	150.9 ± 34.4	13.07 (10.15–15.98)	<0.001	9.45 (6.78–12.13)	<0.001	9.53 (6.26–12.80)	<0.001
LVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.5 ± 18.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	58.1 ± 21.8	1.61 (−0.11–3.33)	0.066	2.03 (0.49–3.58)	0.010	1.86 (−0.08–3.81)	0.060
Carotid IMT quartile 3	58.2 ± 19.6	1.75 (0.03–3.48)	0.046	2.36 (0.74–3.99)	0.004	2.06 (−0.01–4.13)	0.052
Carotid IMT quartile 4	62.4 ± 19.9	5.91 (4.19–7.63)	<0.001	4.08 (2.35–5.80)	<0.001	4.48 (2.31–6.65)	<0.001
LVM (g)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 21.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	87.0 ± 24.8	5.59 (3.56–7.63)	<0.001	4.43 (2.95–5.90)	<0.001	3.37 (1.55–5.18)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 3	88.5 ± 23.8	7.08 (5.04–9.12)	<0.001	5.16 (3.61–6.71)	<0.001	4.46 (2.53–6.40)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 4	98.4 ± 24.9	16.97 (14.93–19.01)	<0.001	10.05 (8.41–11.70)	<0.001	9.71 (7.68–11.73)	<0.001
LVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 17.4	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.1 ± 20.1	2.71 (1.07–4.35)	0.001	2.37 (0.90–3.84)	0.002	1.83 (0.05–3.60)	0.043
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.0 ± 18.9	2.59 (0.95–4.23)	0.002	2.55 (1.01–4.09)	0.001	1.75 (−0.14–3.64)	0.070
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.5 ± 20.0	7.17 (5.52–8.81)	<0.001	5.40 (9.76–7.04)	<0.001	5.09 (3.11–7.07)	<0.001
LVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	59.4 ± 6.0	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	59.7 ± 6.4	0.22 (−0.32–0.76)	0.422	0.01 (−0.58–0.60)	0.976	0.00 (−0.72–0.72)	0.998
Carotid IMT quartile 3	59.5 ± 6.4	0.11 (−0.43–0.65)	0.695	−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)	0.705	−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)	0.430
Carotid IMT quartile 4	59.1 ± 6.6	−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)	0.235	−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)	0.864	−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)	0.392
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−17.5 ± 3.1	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−17.2 ± 3.2	0.27 (−0.05–0.59)	0.102	0.20 (−1.53–0.55)	0.269	0.32 (−4.20–0.81)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−17.2 ± 3.1	0.29 (−0.03–0.61)	0.076	0.09 (−2.78–0.46)	0.631	0.40 (−5.44–0.85)	0.085
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−16.6 ± 3.3	0.90 (0.58–1.22)	<0.001	0.47 (0.07–0.86)	0.020	0.74 (0.26–1.21)	0.002
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−19.8 ± 2.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−19.7 ± 2.4	0.15 (−0.07–0.37)	0.183	0.08 (−0.15–0.31)	0.519	0.17 (−0.11–0.44)	0.233
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−19.7 ± 2.3	0.10 (−0.12–0.32)	0.375	−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)	0.670	0.11 (−1.83–0.40)	0.470
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−19.2 ± 2.4	0.59 (0.38–0.81)	<0.001	0.15 (−0.11–0.41)	0.261	0.32 (0.01–0.62	0.043
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−21.2 ± 3.0	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−20.9 ± 3.1	0.23 (−0.07–0.53)	0.133	0.18 (−0.13–0.50)	0.254	0.26 (−0.12–0.63)	0.185
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−20.8 ± 3.1	0.30 (0.00–0.60)	0.050	0.11 (−0.22–0.44)	0.505	0.39 (−0.01–0.79)	0.056
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−20.3 ± 3.1	0.85 (0.54–1.15)	<0.001	0.35 (0.00–0.71)	0.052	0.45 (0.02–0.87)	0.041
End-systolic torsion (°)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	7.3 ± 1.9	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	7.7 ± 2.1	0.37 (0.18–0.56)	<0.001	0.24 (0.04–0.45)	0.019	0.23 (−0.01–0.47)	0.061
Carotid IMT quartile 3	7.7 ± 2.0	0.42 (0.23–0.61)	<0.001	0.16 (−0.06–0.37)	0.148	0.14 (−0.12–0.39)	0.299
Carotid IMT quartile 4	7.8 ± 2.1	0.56 (0.37–0.76)	<0.001	0.30 (0.07–0.53)	0.010	0.33 (0.06–0.60)	0.018

	Mean value ± SD	Unadjusted		Model 1		Model 2
	Mean value ± SD	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P	ß (95%CI)	P
LVEDV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	137.9 ± 31.2	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	142.2 ± 36.4	4.32 (1.41–7.23)	0.004	4.41 (2.01–6.81)	<0.001	3.70 (0.77–6.63)	0.013
Carotid IMT quartile 3	142.2 ± 33.5	4.35 (1.44–7.26)	0.003	4.91 (2.39–7.42)	<0.001	3.81 (0.69–6.93)	0.017
Carotid IMT quartile 4	150.9 ± 34.4	13.07 (10.15–15.98)	<0.001	9.45 (6.78–12.13)	<0.001	9.53 (6.26–12.80)	<0.001
LVESV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	56.5 ± 18.8	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	58.1 ± 21.8	1.61 (−0.11–3.33)	0.066	2.03 (0.49–3.58)	0.010	1.86 (−0.08–3.81)	0.060
Carotid IMT quartile 3	58.2 ± 19.6	1.75 (0.03–3.48)	0.046	2.36 (0.74–3.99)	0.004	2.06 (−0.01–4.13)	0.052
Carotid IMT quartile 4	62.4 ± 19.9	5.91 (4.19–7.63)	<0.001	4.08 (2.35–5.80)	<0.001	4.48 (2.31–6.65)	<0.001
LVM (g)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 21.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	87.0 ± 24.8	5.59 (3.56–7.63)	<0.001	4.43 (2.95–5.90)	<0.001	3.37 (1.55–5.18)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 3	88.5 ± 23.8	7.08 (5.04–9.12)	<0.001	5.16 (3.61–6.71)	<0.001	4.46 (2.53–6.40)	<0.001
Carotid IMT quartile 4	98.4 ± 24.9	16.97 (14.93–19.01)	<0.001	10.05 (8.41–11.70)	<0.001	9.71 (7.68–11.73)	<0.001
LVSV (ml)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	81.4 ± 17.4	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	84.1 ± 20.1	2.71 (1.07–4.35)	0.001	2.37 (0.90–3.84)	0.002	1.83 (0.05–3.60)	0.043
Carotid IMT quartile 3	84.0 ± 18.9	2.59 (0.95–4.23)	0.002	2.55 (1.01–4.09)	0.001	1.75 (−0.14–3.64)	0.070
Carotid IMT quartile 4	88.5 ± 20.0	7.17 (5.52–8.81)	<0.001	5.40 (9.76–7.04)	<0.001	5.09 (3.11–7.07)	<0.001
LVEF (%)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	59.4 ± 6.0	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	59.7 ± 6.4	0.22 (−0.32–0.76)	0.422	0.01 (−0.58–0.60)	0.976	0.00 (−0.72–0.72)	0.998
Carotid IMT quartile 3	59.5 ± 6.4	0.11 (−0.43–0.65)	0.695	−0.12 (−0.74–0.50)	0.705	−0.31 (−1.07–0.46)	0.430
Carotid IMT quartile 4	59.1 ± 6.6	−0.33 (−0.87–0.21)	0.235	−0.06 (−0.71–0.60)	0.864	−0.35 (−1.15–0.45)	0.392
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (base)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−17.5 ± 3.1	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−17.2 ± 3.2	0.27 (−0.05–0.59)	0.102	0.20 (−1.53–0.55)	0.269	0.32 (−4.20–0.81)	0.077
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−17.2 ± 3.1	0.29 (−0.03–0.61)	0.076	0.09 (−2.78–0.46)	0.631	0.40 (−5.44–0.85)	0.085
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−16.6 ± 3.3	0.90 (0.58–1.22)	<0.001	0.47 (0.07–0.86)	0.020	0.74 (0.26–1.21)	0.002
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (mid)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−19.8 ± 2.3	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−19.7 ± 2.4	0.15 (−0.07–0.37)	0.183	0.08 (−0.15–0.31)	0.519	0.17 (−0.11–0.44)	0.233
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−19.7 ± 2.3	0.10 (−0.12–0.32)	0.375	−0.05 (−0.29–0.19)	0.670	0.11 (−1.83–0.40)	0.470
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−19.2 ± 2.4	0.59 (0.38–0.81)	<0.001	0.15 (−0.11–0.41)	0.261	0.32 (0.01–0.62	0.043
End-systolic circumferential LV strain (apex)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	−21.2 ± 3.0	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	−20.9 ± 3.1	0.23 (−0.07–0.53)	0.133	0.18 (−0.13–0.50)	0.254	0.26 (−0.12–0.63)	0.185
Carotid IMT quartile 3	−20.8 ± 3.1	0.30 (0.00–0.60)	0.050	0.11 (−0.22–0.44)	0.505	0.39 (−0.01–0.79)	0.056
Carotid IMT quartile 4	−20.3 ± 3.1	0.85 (0.54–1.15)	<0.001	0.35 (0.00–0.71)	0.052	0.45 (0.02–0.87)	0.041
End-systolic torsion (°)
Carotid IMT quartile 1	7.3 ± 1.9	Reference		Reference		Reference
Carotid IMT quartile 2	7.7 ± 2.1	0.37 (0.18–0.56)	<0.001	0.24 (0.04–0.45)	0.019	0.23 (−0.01–0.47)	0.061
Carotid IMT quartile 3	7.7 ± 2.0	0.42 (0.23–0.61)	<0.001	0.16 (−0.06–0.37)	0.148	0.14 (−0.12–0.39)	0.299
Carotid IMT quartile 4	7.8 ± 2.1	0.56 (0.37–0.76)	<0.001	0.30 (0.07–0.53)	0.010	0.33 (0.06–0.60)	0.018

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, BMI, BSA, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, alcohol intake frequency, and total cholesterol.

Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 + lipoprotein A, apolipoprotein A and B, triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin, urate, and C-reactive protein.

CI, confidence interval; IMT, intima-media thickness; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVSV, left ventricular stroke volume.

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