| Author and year . | Prehabilitation intervention . | Standard of care . |
|---|---|---|
| Au et al.40 | Home-based moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercises prescribed and demonstrated shortly after consenting to surgery. Manual detailing exercise prescription with supporting behaviour change strategies. | Book on maintaining a healthy lifestyle after a prostate cancer diagnosis with no further exercise support. |
| Barnejee et al.41 | Two supervised training sessions per week in an exercise facility for 6 weeks. Fractionated high-intensity aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer). | Patients in the control group were advised to carry on with their lifestyles in the ‘usual way’. |
| Barakat et al.59 | Instructions and timetable to join hospital-based exercise classes, 3 times a week, 1-hour duration, during the 6 preoperative weeks. | Continued with their normal lifestyle, and avoid any additional, unsupervised exercises. |
| Berkel et al.43 | Three one-hour supervised sessions of physical therapy per week. High-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer and resistance training. | Nutrition counselling and advice on smoking cessation. |
| Boden et al.44 | One 30-minute session with a physiotherapist for education and prevention of PPC, breathing exercises, delivery of a booklet. | Breathing exercise booklet. |
| Chakravartty et al.47 | 800 kcal VLCD regimen for 4 weeks. VLCD contained 3 pints of semi-skimmed milk, equivalent to 1704 ml (total intake of 800 kcal, 82 g carbohydrate, 61 g protein and 30 g fat), multivitamin and mineral supplementation, plus minimum of 2 l of energy-free liquid. | Continued with their usual diet. |
| Dunne et al.48 | 12 interval exercise sessions delivered by a cycle ergometer (moderate and vigorous intensity). | Patients were encouraged to follow clinical advice on exercise before surgery. |
| Fulop et al.56 | Information booklet, work diary, multimodal home-based exercise programme plus weekly in-hospital exercise sessions, deep breathing, incentive spirometry, nutritionist evaluation and oral nutritional supplementation, 60-minute session with a trained psychologist (techniques to reduce anxiety + lifestyle advice). | Not reported. |
| Gloor et al.66 | Training twice a week with a qualified physiotherapist, and once supervised at home. Each session was 90 min (10 min warm up, 35 min endurance training (HIT), 35 min strength training, 10 min cool down). | Continued with usual physical activities |
| Grat et al.49 | Probiotic capsules once/day until transplant (Lactococcus lactis PB411 (50.0%), Lactobacillus casei PB121 (25.0%), Lactobacillus acidophilus PB111 (12.5%) and Bifidobacterium bifidum PB211 (12.5%)). | Daily placebo. |
| Hollis et al.50 | VLCD programme (+ 2 cups vegetable salad, 2 l non-energy-free fluids, one teaspoon of vegetable oil). | Not reported. |
| Hoogeboom et al.60 | 60 min of supervised exercise sessions at the outpatient clinic twice a week for 3–6 weeks preoperatively. Patients were encouraged to exercise at home. | One group-based education session (early mobilization, surgery and anaesthesia, restricted movements, benefits of activity). |
| IJmker-Hemink et al.61 | Pre-cooked meals for 3 weeks: 6 protein-rich dishes per day (morning shake, 2 lunch dishes, snack, dinner and dessert for each day (avg energy 1553 kcal/day, avg protein 60.8 g/day)) + information leaflet describing personal protein requirements (1.2 g/kg body weight) and ‘protein-meter’ for protein intake. | Usual care with habitual diet followed. |
| Karenovics et al.62 | Up to 3 weekly supervised high-intensity training sessions using a cycle ergometer. Advice on active mobilization and risk factor management. | Not reported. |
| Karlsson et al.63 | 2–3 supervised sessions per week for 6 weeks. Inspiratory muscle training (30 breaths twice a day), high-intensity functional strength exercises. Difficulty was increased for progression. + Usual care | Ordinary preoperative information and recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate physical intensity. |
| Liu et al.70 | Aerobic and resistance exercises, respiratory training, nutritional counselling with whey protein supplementation, psychological adjustments (basic mental relaxation skills), conventional guidance. | Not reported. |
| Minnella et al.67 | Home-based programme (aerobic exercise and moderate continuous training 3 days per week after one demonstration session with a kinesiologist). Dietary advice + whey protein supplement (daily protein intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg). | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Minnella et al.68 | Same as Minnella 2018 + relaxation and imaging techniques. | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Moug et al.51 | 8 weeks of graduated goals calculated from the baseline stepping count. Walking diary and use of a pedometer. Follow-up telephone calls. Support person (for example, spouse) to assist in their adherence to the programme. | Maintain their normal level of physical activity. |
| Oosting et al.52 | Home-based exercise programme with patient-tailored functional activities and walking. Pedometer (goal = minimum 30 min per day) + 30 min supervised sessions twice a week for 3–6 weeks. | Usual care: one session of instructions, a single group session supervised by a physical therapist 3 weeks before surgery. |
| Rolving et al.64 | Four 3-hour group sessions directed by a multidisciplinary team on interaction between cognition and pain perception, coping strategies, pacing principles, ergonomic directions, return to work, details about the surgical procedure. | Standard preoperative information. |
| Santa Mina et al.54 | Pelvic floor muscle exercise and total body exercises. 60 min of unsupervised, home-based, moderate intensity exercise 3–4 days per week. (Exercise manual with online exercises.) | Manual detailing a pelvic floor training regimen. |
| Sebio Garcia et al.55 | One hour supervised pulmonary prehabilitation programme 3–5 times per week. Moderate endurance (ergometer) and resistance training. | Usual care—no exercise training. |
| Steffens et al.69 | Exercise sessions: 1 h individualized, hospital-based training session once a week for 2–6 weeks (aerobic and endurance, respiratory, muscle strength) + personalized home exercises + activity tracker (goal = 30 min walk/day). | Nutritional counselling and advice on smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol intake. Instruction to maintain normal daily activities. |
| Tew et al.65 | Three hospital-based supervised exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer per week for the 4 consecutive weeks preceding their operation date. | Usual care, which comprised evidence-based medical optimization. |
| Author and year . | Prehabilitation intervention . | Standard of care . |
|---|---|---|
| Au et al.40 | Home-based moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercises prescribed and demonstrated shortly after consenting to surgery. Manual detailing exercise prescription with supporting behaviour change strategies. | Book on maintaining a healthy lifestyle after a prostate cancer diagnosis with no further exercise support. |
| Barnejee et al.41 | Two supervised training sessions per week in an exercise facility for 6 weeks. Fractionated high-intensity aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer). | Patients in the control group were advised to carry on with their lifestyles in the ‘usual way’. |
| Barakat et al.59 | Instructions and timetable to join hospital-based exercise classes, 3 times a week, 1-hour duration, during the 6 preoperative weeks. | Continued with their normal lifestyle, and avoid any additional, unsupervised exercises. |
| Berkel et al.43 | Three one-hour supervised sessions of physical therapy per week. High-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer and resistance training. | Nutrition counselling and advice on smoking cessation. |
| Boden et al.44 | One 30-minute session with a physiotherapist for education and prevention of PPC, breathing exercises, delivery of a booklet. | Breathing exercise booklet. |
| Chakravartty et al.47 | 800 kcal VLCD regimen for 4 weeks. VLCD contained 3 pints of semi-skimmed milk, equivalent to 1704 ml (total intake of 800 kcal, 82 g carbohydrate, 61 g protein and 30 g fat), multivitamin and mineral supplementation, plus minimum of 2 l of energy-free liquid. | Continued with their usual diet. |
| Dunne et al.48 | 12 interval exercise sessions delivered by a cycle ergometer (moderate and vigorous intensity). | Patients were encouraged to follow clinical advice on exercise before surgery. |
| Fulop et al.56 | Information booklet, work diary, multimodal home-based exercise programme plus weekly in-hospital exercise sessions, deep breathing, incentive spirometry, nutritionist evaluation and oral nutritional supplementation, 60-minute session with a trained psychologist (techniques to reduce anxiety + lifestyle advice). | Not reported. |
| Gloor et al.66 | Training twice a week with a qualified physiotherapist, and once supervised at home. Each session was 90 min (10 min warm up, 35 min endurance training (HIT), 35 min strength training, 10 min cool down). | Continued with usual physical activities |
| Grat et al.49 | Probiotic capsules once/day until transplant (Lactococcus lactis PB411 (50.0%), Lactobacillus casei PB121 (25.0%), Lactobacillus acidophilus PB111 (12.5%) and Bifidobacterium bifidum PB211 (12.5%)). | Daily placebo. |
| Hollis et al.50 | VLCD programme (+ 2 cups vegetable salad, 2 l non-energy-free fluids, one teaspoon of vegetable oil). | Not reported. |
| Hoogeboom et al.60 | 60 min of supervised exercise sessions at the outpatient clinic twice a week for 3–6 weeks preoperatively. Patients were encouraged to exercise at home. | One group-based education session (early mobilization, surgery and anaesthesia, restricted movements, benefits of activity). |
| IJmker-Hemink et al.61 | Pre-cooked meals for 3 weeks: 6 protein-rich dishes per day (morning shake, 2 lunch dishes, snack, dinner and dessert for each day (avg energy 1553 kcal/day, avg protein 60.8 g/day)) + information leaflet describing personal protein requirements (1.2 g/kg body weight) and ‘protein-meter’ for protein intake. | Usual care with habitual diet followed. |
| Karenovics et al.62 | Up to 3 weekly supervised high-intensity training sessions using a cycle ergometer. Advice on active mobilization and risk factor management. | Not reported. |
| Karlsson et al.63 | 2–3 supervised sessions per week for 6 weeks. Inspiratory muscle training (30 breaths twice a day), high-intensity functional strength exercises. Difficulty was increased for progression. + Usual care | Ordinary preoperative information and recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate physical intensity. |
| Liu et al.70 | Aerobic and resistance exercises, respiratory training, nutritional counselling with whey protein supplementation, psychological adjustments (basic mental relaxation skills), conventional guidance. | Not reported. |
| Minnella et al.67 | Home-based programme (aerobic exercise and moderate continuous training 3 days per week after one demonstration session with a kinesiologist). Dietary advice + whey protein supplement (daily protein intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg). | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Minnella et al.68 | Same as Minnella 2018 + relaxation and imaging techniques. | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Moug et al.51 | 8 weeks of graduated goals calculated from the baseline stepping count. Walking diary and use of a pedometer. Follow-up telephone calls. Support person (for example, spouse) to assist in their adherence to the programme. | Maintain their normal level of physical activity. |
| Oosting et al.52 | Home-based exercise programme with patient-tailored functional activities and walking. Pedometer (goal = minimum 30 min per day) + 30 min supervised sessions twice a week for 3–6 weeks. | Usual care: one session of instructions, a single group session supervised by a physical therapist 3 weeks before surgery. |
| Rolving et al.64 | Four 3-hour group sessions directed by a multidisciplinary team on interaction between cognition and pain perception, coping strategies, pacing principles, ergonomic directions, return to work, details about the surgical procedure. | Standard preoperative information. |
| Santa Mina et al.54 | Pelvic floor muscle exercise and total body exercises. 60 min of unsupervised, home-based, moderate intensity exercise 3–4 days per week. (Exercise manual with online exercises.) | Manual detailing a pelvic floor training regimen. |
| Sebio Garcia et al.55 | One hour supervised pulmonary prehabilitation programme 3–5 times per week. Moderate endurance (ergometer) and resistance training. | Usual care—no exercise training. |
| Steffens et al.69 | Exercise sessions: 1 h individualized, hospital-based training session once a week for 2–6 weeks (aerobic and endurance, respiratory, muscle strength) + personalized home exercises + activity tracker (goal = 30 min walk/day). | Nutritional counselling and advice on smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol intake. Instruction to maintain normal daily activities. |
| Tew et al.65 | Three hospital-based supervised exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer per week for the 4 consecutive weeks preceding their operation date. | Usual care, which comprised evidence-based medical optimization. |
PPC, postoperative pulmonary complication; VLCD, very low-calorie diet.
| Author and year . | Prehabilitation intervention . | Standard of care . |
|---|---|---|
| Au et al.40 | Home-based moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercises prescribed and demonstrated shortly after consenting to surgery. Manual detailing exercise prescription with supporting behaviour change strategies. | Book on maintaining a healthy lifestyle after a prostate cancer diagnosis with no further exercise support. |
| Barnejee et al.41 | Two supervised training sessions per week in an exercise facility for 6 weeks. Fractionated high-intensity aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer). | Patients in the control group were advised to carry on with their lifestyles in the ‘usual way’. |
| Barakat et al.59 | Instructions and timetable to join hospital-based exercise classes, 3 times a week, 1-hour duration, during the 6 preoperative weeks. | Continued with their normal lifestyle, and avoid any additional, unsupervised exercises. |
| Berkel et al.43 | Three one-hour supervised sessions of physical therapy per week. High-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer and resistance training. | Nutrition counselling and advice on smoking cessation. |
| Boden et al.44 | One 30-minute session with a physiotherapist for education and prevention of PPC, breathing exercises, delivery of a booklet. | Breathing exercise booklet. |
| Chakravartty et al.47 | 800 kcal VLCD regimen for 4 weeks. VLCD contained 3 pints of semi-skimmed milk, equivalent to 1704 ml (total intake of 800 kcal, 82 g carbohydrate, 61 g protein and 30 g fat), multivitamin and mineral supplementation, plus minimum of 2 l of energy-free liquid. | Continued with their usual diet. |
| Dunne et al.48 | 12 interval exercise sessions delivered by a cycle ergometer (moderate and vigorous intensity). | Patients were encouraged to follow clinical advice on exercise before surgery. |
| Fulop et al.56 | Information booklet, work diary, multimodal home-based exercise programme plus weekly in-hospital exercise sessions, deep breathing, incentive spirometry, nutritionist evaluation and oral nutritional supplementation, 60-minute session with a trained psychologist (techniques to reduce anxiety + lifestyle advice). | Not reported. |
| Gloor et al.66 | Training twice a week with a qualified physiotherapist, and once supervised at home. Each session was 90 min (10 min warm up, 35 min endurance training (HIT), 35 min strength training, 10 min cool down). | Continued with usual physical activities |
| Grat et al.49 | Probiotic capsules once/day until transplant (Lactococcus lactis PB411 (50.0%), Lactobacillus casei PB121 (25.0%), Lactobacillus acidophilus PB111 (12.5%) and Bifidobacterium bifidum PB211 (12.5%)). | Daily placebo. |
| Hollis et al.50 | VLCD programme (+ 2 cups vegetable salad, 2 l non-energy-free fluids, one teaspoon of vegetable oil). | Not reported. |
| Hoogeboom et al.60 | 60 min of supervised exercise sessions at the outpatient clinic twice a week for 3–6 weeks preoperatively. Patients were encouraged to exercise at home. | One group-based education session (early mobilization, surgery and anaesthesia, restricted movements, benefits of activity). |
| IJmker-Hemink et al.61 | Pre-cooked meals for 3 weeks: 6 protein-rich dishes per day (morning shake, 2 lunch dishes, snack, dinner and dessert for each day (avg energy 1553 kcal/day, avg protein 60.8 g/day)) + information leaflet describing personal protein requirements (1.2 g/kg body weight) and ‘protein-meter’ for protein intake. | Usual care with habitual diet followed. |
| Karenovics et al.62 | Up to 3 weekly supervised high-intensity training sessions using a cycle ergometer. Advice on active mobilization and risk factor management. | Not reported. |
| Karlsson et al.63 | 2–3 supervised sessions per week for 6 weeks. Inspiratory muscle training (30 breaths twice a day), high-intensity functional strength exercises. Difficulty was increased for progression. + Usual care | Ordinary preoperative information and recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate physical intensity. |
| Liu et al.70 | Aerobic and resistance exercises, respiratory training, nutritional counselling with whey protein supplementation, psychological adjustments (basic mental relaxation skills), conventional guidance. | Not reported. |
| Minnella et al.67 | Home-based programme (aerobic exercise and moderate continuous training 3 days per week after one demonstration session with a kinesiologist). Dietary advice + whey protein supplement (daily protein intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg). | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Minnella et al.68 | Same as Minnella 2018 + relaxation and imaging techniques. | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Moug et al.51 | 8 weeks of graduated goals calculated from the baseline stepping count. Walking diary and use of a pedometer. Follow-up telephone calls. Support person (for example, spouse) to assist in their adherence to the programme. | Maintain their normal level of physical activity. |
| Oosting et al.52 | Home-based exercise programme with patient-tailored functional activities and walking. Pedometer (goal = minimum 30 min per day) + 30 min supervised sessions twice a week for 3–6 weeks. | Usual care: one session of instructions, a single group session supervised by a physical therapist 3 weeks before surgery. |
| Rolving et al.64 | Four 3-hour group sessions directed by a multidisciplinary team on interaction between cognition and pain perception, coping strategies, pacing principles, ergonomic directions, return to work, details about the surgical procedure. | Standard preoperative information. |
| Santa Mina et al.54 | Pelvic floor muscle exercise and total body exercises. 60 min of unsupervised, home-based, moderate intensity exercise 3–4 days per week. (Exercise manual with online exercises.) | Manual detailing a pelvic floor training regimen. |
| Sebio Garcia et al.55 | One hour supervised pulmonary prehabilitation programme 3–5 times per week. Moderate endurance (ergometer) and resistance training. | Usual care—no exercise training. |
| Steffens et al.69 | Exercise sessions: 1 h individualized, hospital-based training session once a week for 2–6 weeks (aerobic and endurance, respiratory, muscle strength) + personalized home exercises + activity tracker (goal = 30 min walk/day). | Nutritional counselling and advice on smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol intake. Instruction to maintain normal daily activities. |
| Tew et al.65 | Three hospital-based supervised exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer per week for the 4 consecutive weeks preceding their operation date. | Usual care, which comprised evidence-based medical optimization. |
| Author and year . | Prehabilitation intervention . | Standard of care . |
|---|---|---|
| Au et al.40 | Home-based moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercises prescribed and demonstrated shortly after consenting to surgery. Manual detailing exercise prescription with supporting behaviour change strategies. | Book on maintaining a healthy lifestyle after a prostate cancer diagnosis with no further exercise support. |
| Barnejee et al.41 | Two supervised training sessions per week in an exercise facility for 6 weeks. Fractionated high-intensity aerobic exercise (cycle ergometer). | Patients in the control group were advised to carry on with their lifestyles in the ‘usual way’. |
| Barakat et al.59 | Instructions and timetable to join hospital-based exercise classes, 3 times a week, 1-hour duration, during the 6 preoperative weeks. | Continued with their normal lifestyle, and avoid any additional, unsupervised exercises. |
| Berkel et al.43 | Three one-hour supervised sessions of physical therapy per week. High-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer and resistance training. | Nutrition counselling and advice on smoking cessation. |
| Boden et al.44 | One 30-minute session with a physiotherapist for education and prevention of PPC, breathing exercises, delivery of a booklet. | Breathing exercise booklet. |
| Chakravartty et al.47 | 800 kcal VLCD regimen for 4 weeks. VLCD contained 3 pints of semi-skimmed milk, equivalent to 1704 ml (total intake of 800 kcal, 82 g carbohydrate, 61 g protein and 30 g fat), multivitamin and mineral supplementation, plus minimum of 2 l of energy-free liquid. | Continued with their usual diet. |
| Dunne et al.48 | 12 interval exercise sessions delivered by a cycle ergometer (moderate and vigorous intensity). | Patients were encouraged to follow clinical advice on exercise before surgery. |
| Fulop et al.56 | Information booklet, work diary, multimodal home-based exercise programme plus weekly in-hospital exercise sessions, deep breathing, incentive spirometry, nutritionist evaluation and oral nutritional supplementation, 60-minute session with a trained psychologist (techniques to reduce anxiety + lifestyle advice). | Not reported. |
| Gloor et al.66 | Training twice a week with a qualified physiotherapist, and once supervised at home. Each session was 90 min (10 min warm up, 35 min endurance training (HIT), 35 min strength training, 10 min cool down). | Continued with usual physical activities |
| Grat et al.49 | Probiotic capsules once/day until transplant (Lactococcus lactis PB411 (50.0%), Lactobacillus casei PB121 (25.0%), Lactobacillus acidophilus PB111 (12.5%) and Bifidobacterium bifidum PB211 (12.5%)). | Daily placebo. |
| Hollis et al.50 | VLCD programme (+ 2 cups vegetable salad, 2 l non-energy-free fluids, one teaspoon of vegetable oil). | Not reported. |
| Hoogeboom et al.60 | 60 min of supervised exercise sessions at the outpatient clinic twice a week for 3–6 weeks preoperatively. Patients were encouraged to exercise at home. | One group-based education session (early mobilization, surgery and anaesthesia, restricted movements, benefits of activity). |
| IJmker-Hemink et al.61 | Pre-cooked meals for 3 weeks: 6 protein-rich dishes per day (morning shake, 2 lunch dishes, snack, dinner and dessert for each day (avg energy 1553 kcal/day, avg protein 60.8 g/day)) + information leaflet describing personal protein requirements (1.2 g/kg body weight) and ‘protein-meter’ for protein intake. | Usual care with habitual diet followed. |
| Karenovics et al.62 | Up to 3 weekly supervised high-intensity training sessions using a cycle ergometer. Advice on active mobilization and risk factor management. | Not reported. |
| Karlsson et al.63 | 2–3 supervised sessions per week for 6 weeks. Inspiratory muscle training (30 breaths twice a day), high-intensity functional strength exercises. Difficulty was increased for progression. + Usual care | Ordinary preoperative information and recommendation of 150 min per week of moderate physical intensity. |
| Liu et al.70 | Aerobic and resistance exercises, respiratory training, nutritional counselling with whey protein supplementation, psychological adjustments (basic mental relaxation skills), conventional guidance. | Not reported. |
| Minnella et al.67 | Home-based programme (aerobic exercise and moderate continuous training 3 days per week after one demonstration session with a kinesiologist). Dietary advice + whey protein supplement (daily protein intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg). | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Minnella et al.68 | Same as Minnella 2018 + relaxation and imaging techniques. | No specific intervention before surgery. |
| Moug et al.51 | 8 weeks of graduated goals calculated from the baseline stepping count. Walking diary and use of a pedometer. Follow-up telephone calls. Support person (for example, spouse) to assist in their adherence to the programme. | Maintain their normal level of physical activity. |
| Oosting et al.52 | Home-based exercise programme with patient-tailored functional activities and walking. Pedometer (goal = minimum 30 min per day) + 30 min supervised sessions twice a week for 3–6 weeks. | Usual care: one session of instructions, a single group session supervised by a physical therapist 3 weeks before surgery. |
| Rolving et al.64 | Four 3-hour group sessions directed by a multidisciplinary team on interaction between cognition and pain perception, coping strategies, pacing principles, ergonomic directions, return to work, details about the surgical procedure. | Standard preoperative information. |
| Santa Mina et al.54 | Pelvic floor muscle exercise and total body exercises. 60 min of unsupervised, home-based, moderate intensity exercise 3–4 days per week. (Exercise manual with online exercises.) | Manual detailing a pelvic floor training regimen. |
| Sebio Garcia et al.55 | One hour supervised pulmonary prehabilitation programme 3–5 times per week. Moderate endurance (ergometer) and resistance training. | Usual care—no exercise training. |
| Steffens et al.69 | Exercise sessions: 1 h individualized, hospital-based training session once a week for 2–6 weeks (aerobic and endurance, respiratory, muscle strength) + personalized home exercises + activity tracker (goal = 30 min walk/day). | Nutritional counselling and advice on smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol intake. Instruction to maintain normal daily activities. |
| Tew et al.65 | Three hospital-based supervised exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer per week for the 4 consecutive weeks preceding their operation date. | Usual care, which comprised evidence-based medical optimization. |
PPC, postoperative pulmonary complication; VLCD, very low-calorie diet.
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