| LHS . | ln(Total Expenditure) . |
|---|---|
| Fully formal switched to fully informal (H1) | 0.144 |
| (0.447) | |
| N | 76.000 |
| Fully informal switched to fully formal (H2) | 0.395*** |
| (0.148) | |
| N | 184 |
| Fully formal switched to mix (H3) | 0.187 |
| (0.284) | |
| N | 40.000 |
| Fully informal switched to mix (H4) | 0.031 |
| (0.158) | |
| N | 274 |
| Mix to fully formal (H5) | −0.273 |
| (0.424) | |
| N | 48.000 |
| Mix to fully informal (H6) | −0.084 |
| (0.224) | |
| N | 128 |
| LHS . | ln(Total Expenditure) . |
|---|---|
| Fully formal switched to fully informal (H1) | 0.144 |
| (0.447) | |
| N | 76.000 |
| Fully informal switched to fully formal (H2) | 0.395*** |
| (0.148) | |
| N | 184 |
| Fully formal switched to mix (H3) | 0.187 |
| (0.284) | |
| N | 40.000 |
| Fully informal switched to mix (H4) | 0.031 |
| (0.158) | |
| N | 274 |
| Mix to fully formal (H5) | −0.273 |
| (0.424) | |
| N | 48.000 |
| Mix to fully informal (H6) | −0.084 |
| (0.224) | |
| N | 128 |
Notes: Each cell in this table represents the estimate of the δ parameter from Equation (2). The functional form presented controls for year-fixed effects, household size, dependency ratio, and the share of household members with secondary schooling. Standard Errors are clustered at household level. *, **, *** indicate statistical significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.
Source: Authors’ compilation based on Nigeria 2010–15 data.
| LHS . | ln(Total Expenditure) . |
|---|---|
| Fully formal switched to fully informal (H1) | 0.144 |
| (0.447) | |
| N | 76.000 |
| Fully informal switched to fully formal (H2) | 0.395*** |
| (0.148) | |
| N | 184 |
| Fully formal switched to mix (H3) | 0.187 |
| (0.284) | |
| N | 40.000 |
| Fully informal switched to mix (H4) | 0.031 |
| (0.158) | |
| N | 274 |
| Mix to fully formal (H5) | −0.273 |
| (0.424) | |
| N | 48.000 |
| Mix to fully informal (H6) | −0.084 |
| (0.224) | |
| N | 128 |
| LHS . | ln(Total Expenditure) . |
|---|---|
| Fully formal switched to fully informal (H1) | 0.144 |
| (0.447) | |
| N | 76.000 |
| Fully informal switched to fully formal (H2) | 0.395*** |
| (0.148) | |
| N | 184 |
| Fully formal switched to mix (H3) | 0.187 |
| (0.284) | |
| N | 40.000 |
| Fully informal switched to mix (H4) | 0.031 |
| (0.158) | |
| N | 274 |
| Mix to fully formal (H5) | −0.273 |
| (0.424) | |
| N | 48.000 |
| Mix to fully informal (H6) | −0.084 |
| (0.224) | |
| N | 128 |
Notes: Each cell in this table represents the estimate of the δ parameter from Equation (2). The functional form presented controls for year-fixed effects, household size, dependency ratio, and the share of household members with secondary schooling. Standard Errors are clustered at household level. *, **, *** indicate statistical significance at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.
Source: Authors’ compilation based on Nigeria 2010–15 data.
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