| Study . | Outcome measure (Total number of prescribing outcomes reported) . | Intended direction of change . | Effect of intervention . | Follow-up (& losses to follow-up—LTF) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim, 201840 | Prescriptions with errors (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 2,641/7,280 prescriptions (36.3%) Cx: 2,102/3,920 prescriptions (53.6%) RR: 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | 4 months Tx: No clinics LTF; Cx: No clinics LTF |
| Trietsch, 201731 | Mean no. of DDD antibiotic prescriptions for UTI/6 months/1,000 patients (19) | ↓ | Tx: 47.3 (36.5)/86 GPs Cx: 59.7 (48.7)/122 GPs SMD: −0.28 (−0.56, −0.00) | 9 months Tx topic group A (Cx topic group B): 1 LQIC (10 GPs) LTF Cx topic group A (Tx topic group B): 2 LQICs (17 GPs) LTF |
| Vervloet 201632 | Mean no. antibiotic prescriptions for RTI/year/1,000 patients (1) | ↓ | Tx: 155 (51.7)/59,483 patients Cx: 160 (35.8)/94,767 patients SMD −0.11 (−0.12, −0.10) | 12 months Tx: None LTF; Cx: None LTF |
| Clyne, 201537 | Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (12) | ↓ | Tx: 52/96 patients (52.5%) Cx: 75/94 patients (77.3%) RR: 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 5 months Tx: 3 patients LTF; Cx: 3 patients LTF |
| Magrini (TEA), 201433 | Appropriate prescriptions for osteoporosis or prostatic hyperplasia (4) | ↑ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx therapeutic area A (Cx therapeutic area B): 1 PCG (56 GPs) LTF Cx therapeutic area A (Tx therapeutic area B): 76 GPs LTF |
| Magrini (SIDRO), 201433 | Prescriptions for barnidipine or prulifloxacin (2) | ↓ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx drug A (Cx drug B): 3 PCGs (92 GPs) LTF Cx drug A (Tx drug B): 79 GPs LTF |
| Avery, 201234 | At least 1 prescription problem/at risk of at least 1 prescription problem (11) | ↓ | Tx: 553/24,073 patients (2.3%) Cx: 752/26,329 patients (2.9%) RR: 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 6 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Pape, 201139 | Prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication (1) | ↑ | Tx: 471/2,047 patients (23.0%) Cx: 1,819/4,916 patients (37.0%) RR: 0.62 (0.57–0.68) | 24 months Tx: No primary care clinic LTF; Cx: No primary care clinic TF |
| Bregnhoj, 200935 | Medications Appropriate Index score (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 6/49 GPs Cx: 10.1/64 GPs Insufficient data for SMD calculation | 12 months Tx: 8 patients LTF; Cx: 8 patients LTF |
| Fretheim, 200636 | Prescriptions for thiazide (1) | ↑ | Tx: 706/854 patients (83.0%) Cx: 683/768 patients (89.0%) RR: 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 12 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Crotty, 200438 | Prescriptions for any psychotropic medication (3) | ↓ | Tx: 266/381 patients (69.9%) Cx: 227/334 patients (68.0%) RR: 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 7 months Tx: No residential facilities LTF; Cx: No residential facilities LTF |
| Study . | Outcome measure (Total number of prescribing outcomes reported) . | Intended direction of change . | Effect of intervention . | Follow-up (& losses to follow-up—LTF) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim, 201840 | Prescriptions with errors (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 2,641/7,280 prescriptions (36.3%) Cx: 2,102/3,920 prescriptions (53.6%) RR: 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | 4 months Tx: No clinics LTF; Cx: No clinics LTF |
| Trietsch, 201731 | Mean no. of DDD antibiotic prescriptions for UTI/6 months/1,000 patients (19) | ↓ | Tx: 47.3 (36.5)/86 GPs Cx: 59.7 (48.7)/122 GPs SMD: −0.28 (−0.56, −0.00) | 9 months Tx topic group A (Cx topic group B): 1 LQIC (10 GPs) LTF Cx topic group A (Tx topic group B): 2 LQICs (17 GPs) LTF |
| Vervloet 201632 | Mean no. antibiotic prescriptions for RTI/year/1,000 patients (1) | ↓ | Tx: 155 (51.7)/59,483 patients Cx: 160 (35.8)/94,767 patients SMD −0.11 (−0.12, −0.10) | 12 months Tx: None LTF; Cx: None LTF |
| Clyne, 201537 | Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (12) | ↓ | Tx: 52/96 patients (52.5%) Cx: 75/94 patients (77.3%) RR: 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 5 months Tx: 3 patients LTF; Cx: 3 patients LTF |
| Magrini (TEA), 201433 | Appropriate prescriptions for osteoporosis or prostatic hyperplasia (4) | ↑ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx therapeutic area A (Cx therapeutic area B): 1 PCG (56 GPs) LTF Cx therapeutic area A (Tx therapeutic area B): 76 GPs LTF |
| Magrini (SIDRO), 201433 | Prescriptions for barnidipine or prulifloxacin (2) | ↓ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx drug A (Cx drug B): 3 PCGs (92 GPs) LTF Cx drug A (Tx drug B): 79 GPs LTF |
| Avery, 201234 | At least 1 prescription problem/at risk of at least 1 prescription problem (11) | ↓ | Tx: 553/24,073 patients (2.3%) Cx: 752/26,329 patients (2.9%) RR: 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 6 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Pape, 201139 | Prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication (1) | ↑ | Tx: 471/2,047 patients (23.0%) Cx: 1,819/4,916 patients (37.0%) RR: 0.62 (0.57–0.68) | 24 months Tx: No primary care clinic LTF; Cx: No primary care clinic TF |
| Bregnhoj, 200935 | Medications Appropriate Index score (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 6/49 GPs Cx: 10.1/64 GPs Insufficient data for SMD calculation | 12 months Tx: 8 patients LTF; Cx: 8 patients LTF |
| Fretheim, 200636 | Prescriptions for thiazide (1) | ↑ | Tx: 706/854 patients (83.0%) Cx: 683/768 patients (89.0%) RR: 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 12 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Crotty, 200438 | Prescriptions for any psychotropic medication (3) | ↓ | Tx: 266/381 patients (69.9%) Cx: 227/334 patients (68.0%) RR: 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 7 months Tx: No residential facilities LTF; Cx: No residential facilities LTF |
*3-arm study—results shown for 2 arms only (full A&F intervention vs. control). DDD, defined daily dose; LTF, lost to follow-up; LQIC, Local Quality Improvement Collaborative; SMD, standardized mean difference; Tx, treatment (intervention); Cx, control; UTI, urinary tract infection; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
| Study . | Outcome measure (Total number of prescribing outcomes reported) . | Intended direction of change . | Effect of intervention . | Follow-up (& losses to follow-up—LTF) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim, 201840 | Prescriptions with errors (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 2,641/7,280 prescriptions (36.3%) Cx: 2,102/3,920 prescriptions (53.6%) RR: 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | 4 months Tx: No clinics LTF; Cx: No clinics LTF |
| Trietsch, 201731 | Mean no. of DDD antibiotic prescriptions for UTI/6 months/1,000 patients (19) | ↓ | Tx: 47.3 (36.5)/86 GPs Cx: 59.7 (48.7)/122 GPs SMD: −0.28 (−0.56, −0.00) | 9 months Tx topic group A (Cx topic group B): 1 LQIC (10 GPs) LTF Cx topic group A (Tx topic group B): 2 LQICs (17 GPs) LTF |
| Vervloet 201632 | Mean no. antibiotic prescriptions for RTI/year/1,000 patients (1) | ↓ | Tx: 155 (51.7)/59,483 patients Cx: 160 (35.8)/94,767 patients SMD −0.11 (−0.12, −0.10) | 12 months Tx: None LTF; Cx: None LTF |
| Clyne, 201537 | Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (12) | ↓ | Tx: 52/96 patients (52.5%) Cx: 75/94 patients (77.3%) RR: 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 5 months Tx: 3 patients LTF; Cx: 3 patients LTF |
| Magrini (TEA), 201433 | Appropriate prescriptions for osteoporosis or prostatic hyperplasia (4) | ↑ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx therapeutic area A (Cx therapeutic area B): 1 PCG (56 GPs) LTF Cx therapeutic area A (Tx therapeutic area B): 76 GPs LTF |
| Magrini (SIDRO), 201433 | Prescriptions for barnidipine or prulifloxacin (2) | ↓ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx drug A (Cx drug B): 3 PCGs (92 GPs) LTF Cx drug A (Tx drug B): 79 GPs LTF |
| Avery, 201234 | At least 1 prescription problem/at risk of at least 1 prescription problem (11) | ↓ | Tx: 553/24,073 patients (2.3%) Cx: 752/26,329 patients (2.9%) RR: 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 6 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Pape, 201139 | Prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication (1) | ↑ | Tx: 471/2,047 patients (23.0%) Cx: 1,819/4,916 patients (37.0%) RR: 0.62 (0.57–0.68) | 24 months Tx: No primary care clinic LTF; Cx: No primary care clinic TF |
| Bregnhoj, 200935 | Medications Appropriate Index score (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 6/49 GPs Cx: 10.1/64 GPs Insufficient data for SMD calculation | 12 months Tx: 8 patients LTF; Cx: 8 patients LTF |
| Fretheim, 200636 | Prescriptions for thiazide (1) | ↑ | Tx: 706/854 patients (83.0%) Cx: 683/768 patients (89.0%) RR: 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 12 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Crotty, 200438 | Prescriptions for any psychotropic medication (3) | ↓ | Tx: 266/381 patients (69.9%) Cx: 227/334 patients (68.0%) RR: 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 7 months Tx: No residential facilities LTF; Cx: No residential facilities LTF |
| Study . | Outcome measure (Total number of prescribing outcomes reported) . | Intended direction of change . | Effect of intervention . | Follow-up (& losses to follow-up—LTF) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lim, 201840 | Prescriptions with errors (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 2,641/7,280 prescriptions (36.3%) Cx: 2,102/3,920 prescriptions (53.6%) RR: 0.68 (0.65–0.71) | 4 months Tx: No clinics LTF; Cx: No clinics LTF |
| Trietsch, 201731 | Mean no. of DDD antibiotic prescriptions for UTI/6 months/1,000 patients (19) | ↓ | Tx: 47.3 (36.5)/86 GPs Cx: 59.7 (48.7)/122 GPs SMD: −0.28 (−0.56, −0.00) | 9 months Tx topic group A (Cx topic group B): 1 LQIC (10 GPs) LTF Cx topic group A (Tx topic group B): 2 LQICs (17 GPs) LTF |
| Vervloet 201632 | Mean no. antibiotic prescriptions for RTI/year/1,000 patients (1) | ↓ | Tx: 155 (51.7)/59,483 patients Cx: 160 (35.8)/94,767 patients SMD −0.11 (−0.12, −0.10) | 12 months Tx: None LTF; Cx: None LTF |
| Clyne, 201537 | Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (12) | ↓ | Tx: 52/96 patients (52.5%) Cx: 75/94 patients (77.3%) RR: 0.68 (0.55–0.84) | 5 months Tx: 3 patients LTF; Cx: 3 patients LTF |
| Magrini (TEA), 201433 | Appropriate prescriptions for osteoporosis or prostatic hyperplasia (4) | ↑ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx therapeutic area A (Cx therapeutic area B): 1 PCG (56 GPs) LTF Cx therapeutic area A (Tx therapeutic area B): 76 GPs LTF |
| Magrini (SIDRO), 201433 | Prescriptions for barnidipine or prulifloxacin (2) | ↓ | Results data not available | 6 months Tx drug A (Cx drug B): 3 PCGs (92 GPs) LTF Cx drug A (Tx drug B): 79 GPs LTF |
| Avery, 201234 | At least 1 prescription problem/at risk of at least 1 prescription problem (11) | ↓ | Tx: 553/24,073 patients (2.3%) Cx: 752/26,329 patients (2.9%) RR: 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | 6 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Pape, 201139 | Prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication (1) | ↑ | Tx: 471/2,047 patients (23.0%) Cx: 1,819/4,916 patients (37.0%) RR: 0.62 (0.57–0.68) | 24 months Tx: No primary care clinic LTF; Cx: No primary care clinic TF |
| Bregnhoj, 200935 | Medications Appropriate Index score (1) | ↓ | Tx*: 6/49 GPs Cx: 10.1/64 GPs Insufficient data for SMD calculation | 12 months Tx: 8 patients LTF; Cx: 8 patients LTF |
| Fretheim, 200636 | Prescriptions for thiazide (1) | ↑ | Tx: 706/854 patients (83.0%) Cx: 683/768 patients (89.0%) RR: 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 12 months Tx: No general practices LTF; Cx: No general practices LTF |
| Crotty, 200438 | Prescriptions for any psychotropic medication (3) | ↓ | Tx: 266/381 patients (69.9%) Cx: 227/334 patients (68.0%) RR: 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 7 months Tx: No residential facilities LTF; Cx: No residential facilities LTF |
*3-arm study—results shown for 2 arms only (full A&F intervention vs. control). DDD, defined daily dose; LTF, lost to follow-up; LQIC, Local Quality Improvement Collaborative; SMD, standardized mean difference; Tx, treatment (intervention); Cx, control; UTI, urinary tract infection; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
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