Table 1. Open in new tab Physical...

	Molecular		Relative
NGC 6334	3E+04	2E+23^†	12	>12	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6357	4E+04	1E+23^†	12	9	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6618	7E+04	6E+23	10	>53	Nishimura et al. (2018)
RCW 36	8E+02	8E+21	5	2	Sano et al. (2018)
GM24	3E+04	2E+22	5	1	Fukui et al. (2018c)
RCW 79	2E+04	1E+22	10	12	Ohama et al. (2018a)
S116	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S117	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S118	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
G018.149−0.283	2E+04	2E+22	5	1	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N21	1E+04	1E+22	3.5	4	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N22	5E+03			13	Ohama et al. (2018b)	Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion
RCW 34	1E+04	1E+22	5	1	Hayashi et al. (2018)
RCW 32	1E+03	6E+21	3	1	Enokiya et al. (2018)
W 33	1E+05	6E+23	23	>10	Kohno et al. (2018a)
N35	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.392+00.072	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.510−00.060	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
S44	3E+04	2E+22^†	5	1	Kohno et al. (2021b)
Wd2	9E+04	2E+23	16	14	Furukawa et al. (2009)
NGC 3603	7E+04	1E+23	15	∼30	Fukui et al. (2013)
RCW 38	2E+04	3E+23^†	12	∼20	Fukui et al. (2016)
M 20	1E+03	1E+22	7.5	1	Torii et al. (2011)
RCW 120	5E+04	9E+22^†	20	1	Torii et al. (2015)
M 42	2E+04	2E+23	7	∼10	Fukui et al. (2018a)
M 43	3E+02	6E+22	7	∼1	Fukui et al. (2018a)
Sh2-48	4E+05	6E+22	5	1 (or 4?)	Torii et al. (2021a)
G49.5−0.4	1E+05	4E+23	6–20	28	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.4−0.3	9E+04	2E+23	10	6	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.57−0.27	1E+04	3E+22	6	1	Fujita et al. (2021a)
N4	4E+04	1E+23	9	1	Fujita et al. (2019)
W 49 N	2E+05	5E+23	8	270	Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)
Serpens North SE sub-cluster	1E+01	2E+16^†	1.5	0	Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)
L 1641-N	1E+02	5E+21	3	0	Nakamura et al. (2012)
Cygnus OB7	1E+02–1E+03	5E+22	2	0	Dobashi et al. (2014)
Serpens South IRDC	1E+02–1E+03	2E+23	1	0	Nakamura et al. (2014)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
50 \|$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$\| cloud (Sgr A)		1E+24	20	>100?	Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)	Four \|${H{\small {II}}}$\| regions, methanol masers >100, \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S
N37	∼1E+04	>3E+22^†	5	7	Baug et al. (2016)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
L 1188	3E+03	3E+21	2.5	0	Gong et al. (2017)
G35.20−0.74		1E+23	4	4	Dewangan (2017)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
E-S235 main East1		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235 main Southwest		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235ABC		1E+22	4	3	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)
N49		8E+22	7	3	Dewangan et al. (2017a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
IRAS 18223−1243	1E+04–1E+05	4E+22	6	1	Dewangan et al. (2018b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
G24.85+0.09		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.80+0.10		1E+23	4	2	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.74+0.08		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.71−0.13		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.68−0.16		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
AFGL5142		1E+22	3	>1	Dewangan et al. (2019a)
Sh 2-237		4E+21	2	1 or 2	Dewangan et al. (2017b)
G35.39−00.33		2E+22	5	0	Henshaw et al. (2013)	Very young. Massive clump formed. \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O
G8.14+0.23		4E+22	7	1	Dewangan et al. (2019b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
REFL9, PouF		5E+21	4	?	Li et al. (2018)
CO−0.40 −0.22			40	0	Tanaka (2018)
Sgr B2	1E+06	2E+24^†	30	>200	Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)
DR 21	3E+04	5E+23	12	11	Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)
NGC 1333	5E+02	2E+22	2	0	Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)	Reflection nebula. Late B
LkHα 198	2E+03	1E+22	0.5	0	Loren (1977)	Reflection nebula. Late B
IRAS 230604+145055		1E+22^†	4.5	0	Vallee and Avery (1990)
IRAS 19550+3248	4E+03	2E+22		0	Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
S87	2E+02	1E+22	2	1	Xue and Wu (2008)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)
BD+40 4124		1E+23	1	1	Looney et al. (2006)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
Arches cluster				>100	Stolte et al. (2008)
G0.253+0.016	2E+05	3E+23		0	Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared. No small cloud
Footpoint MC	2E+05	2E+22	24	0	Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)
LkHα 101			5	1	Xu et al. (2020)
W 43 main	3E+05	3E+23	10–20	5	Kohno et al. (2021a)
W 43 South	7E+05	3E+23	10	10	Kohno et al. (2021a)
G30.5	5E+05	2E+23	10–15		Kohno et al. (2021a)
[DBS2003] 179	4E+05		20	>10	Kuwahara et al. (2021)
NGC 2024	5E+02	2E+23	2	21	Enokiya et al. (2021a)
NGC 2068	2E+03	6E+22	3	3	Fujita et al. (2021c)
NGC 2071	2E+03	2E+22	3	2	Fujita et al. (2021c)
Carina nebula complex	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Fujita et al. (2021b)
GMC hosting the S147/153 complex			5	9	Dhanya et al. (2021)
Orion A					Lim et al. (2021)
M 17 SWex	5E+03	>1E+23	15		Kinoshita et al. (2021)
W 28 A2	4E+04 or 2E+05	4E+22	13	≥4	Hayashi et al. (2021)
M 16	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Nishimura et al. (2021)
IRAS 04000+5052			25	1	Wang et al. (2004)	Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas
N159 W-South	9E+03	1E+23	8	>2	Fukui et al. (2015)	Extragalactic source
N159 E-Papillon	8E+03	6E+22	9	>2	Saigo et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source
NGC 604	9E+06	3E+21	20	>200	Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
R 136	1E+06	4E+21	50	∼400	Fukui et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
LHA 120-N 44	9E+05	6E+21	20	∼40	Tsuge et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
Firecracker (Antennae)		2E+23	125	∼60	Finn et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-37	5E+05	5E+20	6	≤10	Sano et al. (2021)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-16	2E+04		∼20		Tokuda et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 5	7E+03	2E+22	4		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 6	3E+03	2E+22	2		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source

Molecular

Relative

mass

|$N_\mathrm{H_2}$|

velocity

Num. of

Name

[M|${_{\odot}}$|]

[cm⁻²]

[km s⁻¹]

OB stars

References

Comments

NGC 6334

3E+04

2E+23^†

>12

Fukui et al. (2018b)

NGC 6357

4E+04

1E+23^†

Fukui et al. (2018b)

NGC 6618

7E+04

6E+23

>53

Nishimura et al. (2018)

RCW 36

8E+02

8E+21

Sano et al. (2018)

GM24

3E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018c)

RCW 79

2E+04

1E+22

Ohama et al. (2018a)

S116

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

S117

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

S118

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

G018.149−0.283

2E+04

2E+22

Ohama et al. (2018b)

N21

1E+04

1E+22

3.5

Ohama et al. (2018b)

N22

5E+03

Ohama et al. (2018b)

Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion

RCW 34

1E+04

1E+22

Hayashi et al. (2018)

RCW 32

1E+03

6E+21

Enokiya et al. (2018)

W 33

1E+05

6E+23

>10

Kohno et al. (2018a)

N35

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

G024.392+00.072

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

G024.510−00.060

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

S44

3E+04

2E+22^†

Kohno et al. (2021b)

Wd2

9E+04

2E+23

Furukawa et al. (2009)

NGC 3603

7E+04

1E+23

∼30

Fukui et al. (2013)

RCW 38

2E+04

3E+23^†

∼20

Fukui et al. (2016)

M 20

1E+03

1E+22

7.5

Torii et al. (2011)

RCW 120

5E+04

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2015)

M 42

2E+04

2E+23

∼10

Fukui et al. (2018a)

M 43

3E+02

6E+22

∼1

Fukui et al. (2018a)

Sh2-48

4E+05

6E+22

1 (or 4?)

Torii et al. (2021a)

G49.5−0.4

1E+05

4E+23

6–20

Fujita et al. (2021a)

G49.4−0.3

9E+04

2E+23

Fujita et al. (2021a)

G49.57−0.27

1E+04

3E+22

Fujita et al. (2021a)

4E+04

1E+23

Fujita et al. (2019)

W 49 N

2E+05

5E+23

270

Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)

Serpens North SE sub-cluster

1E+01

2E+16^†

1.5

Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)

L 1641-N

1E+02

5E+21

Nakamura et al. (2012)

Cygnus OB7

1E+02–1E+03

5E+22

Dobashi et al. (2014)

Serpens South IRDC

1E+02–1E+03

2E+23

Nakamura et al. (2014)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

50 |$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$| cloud (Sgr A)

1E+24

>100?

Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)

Four |${H{\small {II}}}$| regions, methanol masers >100, |${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S

N37

∼1E+04

>3E+22^†

Baug et al. (2016)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

L 1188

3E+03

3E+21

2.5

Gong et al. (2017)

G35.20−0.74

1E+23

Dewangan (2017)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

E-S235 main East1

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

Massive Herschel clumps

E-S235 main Southwest

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

Massive Herschel clumps

E-S235ABC

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

N49

8E+22

Dewangan et al. (2017a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

IRAS 18223−1243

1E+04–1E+05

4E+22

Dewangan et al. (2018b)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

G24.85+0.09

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.80+0.10

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.74+0.08

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.71−0.13

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.68−0.16

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

AFGL5142

1E+22

Dewangan et al. (2019a)

Sh 2-237

4E+21

1 or 2

Dewangan et al. (2017b)

G35.39−00.33

2E+22

Henshaw et al. (2013)

Very young. Massive clump formed. |${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from C¹⁸O

G8.14+0.23

4E+22

Dewangan et al. (2019b)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

REFL9, PouF

5E+21

Li et al. (2018)

CO−0.40 −0.22

Tanaka (2018)

Sgr B2

1E+06

2E+24^†

>200

Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)

DR 21

3E+04

5E+23

Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)

NGC 1333

5E+02

2E+22

Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)

Reflection nebula. Late B

LkHα 198

2E+03

1E+22

0.5

Loren (1977)

Reflection nebula. Late B

IRAS 230604+145055

1E+22^†

4.5

Vallee and Avery (1990)

IRAS 19550+3248

4E+03

2E+22

Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from CS(2–1)

S87

2E+02

1E+22

Xue and Wu (2008)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)

BD+40 4124

1E+23

Looney et al. (2006)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from CS(2–1)

Arches cluster

>100

Stolte et al. (2008)

G0.253+0.016

2E+05

3E+23

Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared. No small cloud

Footpoint MC

2E+05

2E+22

Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)

LkHα 101

Xu et al. (2020)

W 43 main

3E+05

3E+23

10–20

Kohno et al. (2021a)

W 43 South

7E+05

3E+23

Kohno et al. (2021a)

G30.5

5E+05

2E+23

10–15

Kohno et al. (2021a)

[DBS2003] 179

4E+05

>10

Kuwahara et al. (2021)

NGC 2024

5E+02

2E+23

Enokiya et al. (2021a)

NGC 2068

2E+03

6E+22

Fujita et al. (2021c)

NGC 2071

2E+03

2E+22

Fujita et al. (2021c)

Carina nebula complex

7E+04

5E+22

Fujita et al. (2021b)

GMC hosting the S147/153 complex

Dhanya et al. (2021)

Orion A

Lim et al. (2021)

M 17 SWex

5E+03

>1E+23

Kinoshita et al. (2021)

W 28 A2

4E+04 or 2E+05

4E+22

≥4

Hayashi et al. (2021)

M 16

7E+04

5E+22

Nishimura et al. (2021)

IRAS 04000+5052

Wang et al. (2004)

Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas

N159 W-South

9E+03

1E+23

Fukui et al. (2015)

Extragalactic source

N159 E-Papillon

8E+03

6E+22

Saigo et al. (2017)

Extragalactic source

NGC 604

9E+06

3E+21

>200

Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

R 136

1E+06

4E+21

∼400

Fukui et al. (2017)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

LHA 120-N 44

9E+05

6E+21

∼40

Tsuge et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

Firecracker (Antennae)

2E+23

125

∼60

Finn et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

M 33 GMC-37

5E+05

5E+20

≤10

Sano et al. (2021)

Extragalactic source

M 33 GMC-16

2E+04

∼20

Tokuda et al. (2020)

Extragalactic source

M 33 target 5

7E+03

2E+22

Harada et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

M 33 target 6

3E+03

2E+22

Harada et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

	Molecular		Relative
NGC 6334	3E+04	2E+23^†	12	>12	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6357	4E+04	1E+23^†	12	9	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6618	7E+04	6E+23	10	>53	Nishimura et al. (2018)
RCW 36	8E+02	8E+21	5	2	Sano et al. (2018)
GM24	3E+04	2E+22	5	1	Fukui et al. (2018c)
RCW 79	2E+04	1E+22	10	12	Ohama et al. (2018a)
S116	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S117	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S118	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
G018.149−0.283	2E+04	2E+22	5	1	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N21	1E+04	1E+22	3.5	4	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N22	5E+03			13	Ohama et al. (2018b)	Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion
RCW 34	1E+04	1E+22	5	1	Hayashi et al. (2018)
RCW 32	1E+03	6E+21	3	1	Enokiya et al. (2018)
W 33	1E+05	6E+23	23	>10	Kohno et al. (2018a)
N35	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.392+00.072	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.510−00.060	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
S44	3E+04	2E+22^†	5	1	Kohno et al. (2021b)
Wd2	9E+04	2E+23	16	14	Furukawa et al. (2009)
NGC 3603	7E+04	1E+23	15	∼30	Fukui et al. (2013)
RCW 38	2E+04	3E+23^†	12	∼20	Fukui et al. (2016)
M 20	1E+03	1E+22	7.5	1	Torii et al. (2011)
RCW 120	5E+04	9E+22^†	20	1	Torii et al. (2015)
M 42	2E+04	2E+23	7	∼10	Fukui et al. (2018a)
M 43	3E+02	6E+22	7	∼1	Fukui et al. (2018a)
Sh2-48	4E+05	6E+22	5	1 (or 4?)	Torii et al. (2021a)
G49.5−0.4	1E+05	4E+23	6–20	28	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.4−0.3	9E+04	2E+23	10	6	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.57−0.27	1E+04	3E+22	6	1	Fujita et al. (2021a)
N4	4E+04	1E+23	9	1	Fujita et al. (2019)
W 49 N	2E+05	5E+23	8	270	Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)
Serpens North SE sub-cluster	1E+01	2E+16^†	1.5	0	Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)
L 1641-N	1E+02	5E+21	3	0	Nakamura et al. (2012)
Cygnus OB7	1E+02–1E+03	5E+22	2	0	Dobashi et al. (2014)
Serpens South IRDC	1E+02–1E+03	2E+23	1	0	Nakamura et al. (2014)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
50 \|$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$\| cloud (Sgr A)		1E+24	20	>100?	Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)	Four \|${H{\small {II}}}$\| regions, methanol masers >100, \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S
N37	∼1E+04	>3E+22^†	5	7	Baug et al. (2016)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
L 1188	3E+03	3E+21	2.5	0	Gong et al. (2017)
G35.20−0.74		1E+23	4	4	Dewangan (2017)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
E-S235 main East1		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235 main Southwest		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235ABC		1E+22	4	3	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)
N49		8E+22	7	3	Dewangan et al. (2017a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
IRAS 18223−1243	1E+04–1E+05	4E+22	6	1	Dewangan et al. (2018b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
G24.85+0.09		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.80+0.10		1E+23	4	2	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.74+0.08		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.71−0.13		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.68−0.16		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
AFGL5142		1E+22	3	>1	Dewangan et al. (2019a)
Sh 2-237		4E+21	2	1 or 2	Dewangan et al. (2017b)
G35.39−00.33		2E+22	5	0	Henshaw et al. (2013)	Very young. Massive clump formed. \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O
G8.14+0.23		4E+22	7	1	Dewangan et al. (2019b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
REFL9, PouF		5E+21	4	?	Li et al. (2018)
CO−0.40 −0.22			40	0	Tanaka (2018)
Sgr B2	1E+06	2E+24^†	30	>200	Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)
DR 21	3E+04	5E+23	12	11	Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)
NGC 1333	5E+02	2E+22	2	0	Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)	Reflection nebula. Late B
LkHα 198	2E+03	1E+22	0.5	0	Loren (1977)	Reflection nebula. Late B
IRAS 230604+145055		1E+22^†	4.5	0	Vallee and Avery (1990)
IRAS 19550+3248	4E+03	2E+22		0	Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
S87	2E+02	1E+22	2	1	Xue and Wu (2008)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)
BD+40 4124		1E+23	1	1	Looney et al. (2006)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
Arches cluster				>100	Stolte et al. (2008)
G0.253+0.016	2E+05	3E+23		0	Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared. No small cloud
Footpoint MC	2E+05	2E+22	24	0	Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)
LkHα 101			5	1	Xu et al. (2020)
W 43 main	3E+05	3E+23	10–20	5	Kohno et al. (2021a)
W 43 South	7E+05	3E+23	10	10	Kohno et al. (2021a)
G30.5	5E+05	2E+23	10–15		Kohno et al. (2021a)
[DBS2003] 179	4E+05		20	>10	Kuwahara et al. (2021)
NGC 2024	5E+02	2E+23	2	21	Enokiya et al. (2021a)
NGC 2068	2E+03	6E+22	3	3	Fujita et al. (2021c)
NGC 2071	2E+03	2E+22	3	2	Fujita et al. (2021c)
Carina nebula complex	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Fujita et al. (2021b)
GMC hosting the S147/153 complex			5	9	Dhanya et al. (2021)
Orion A					Lim et al. (2021)
M 17 SWex	5E+03	>1E+23	15		Kinoshita et al. (2021)
W 28 A2	4E+04 or 2E+05	4E+22	13	≥4	Hayashi et al. (2021)
M 16	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Nishimura et al. (2021)
IRAS 04000+5052			25	1	Wang et al. (2004)	Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas
N159 W-South	9E+03	1E+23	8	>2	Fukui et al. (2015)	Extragalactic source
N159 E-Papillon	8E+03	6E+22	9	>2	Saigo et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source
NGC 604	9E+06	3E+21	20	>200	Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
R 136	1E+06	4E+21	50	∼400	Fukui et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
LHA 120-N 44	9E+05	6E+21	20	∼40	Tsuge et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
Firecracker (Antennae)		2E+23	125	∼60	Finn et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-37	5E+05	5E+20	6	≤10	Sano et al. (2021)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-16	2E+04		∼20		Tokuda et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 5	7E+03	2E+22	4		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 6	3E+03	2E+22	2		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source

Molecular

Relative

mass

|$N_\mathrm{H_2}$|

velocity

Num. of

Name

[M|${_{\odot}}$|]

[cm⁻²]

[km s⁻¹]

OB stars

References

Comments

NGC 6334

3E+04

2E+23^†

>12

Fukui et al. (2018b)

NGC 6357

4E+04

1E+23^†

Fukui et al. (2018b)

NGC 6618

7E+04

6E+23

>53

Nishimura et al. (2018)

RCW 36

8E+02

8E+21

Sano et al. (2018)

GM24

3E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018c)

RCW 79

2E+04

1E+22

Ohama et al. (2018a)

S116

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

S117

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

S118

7E+04

2E+22

Fukui et al. (2018d)

G018.149−0.283

2E+04

2E+22

Ohama et al. (2018b)

N21

1E+04

1E+22

3.5

Ohama et al. (2018b)

N22

5E+03

Ohama et al. (2018b)

Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion

RCW 34

1E+04

1E+22

Hayashi et al. (2018)

RCW 32

1E+03

6E+21

Enokiya et al. (2018)

W 33

1E+05

6E+23

>10

Kohno et al. (2018a)

N35

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

G024.392+00.072

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

G024.510−00.060

5E+05

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2018)

S44

3E+04

2E+22^†

Kohno et al. (2021b)

Wd2

9E+04

2E+23

Furukawa et al. (2009)

NGC 3603

7E+04

1E+23

∼30

Fukui et al. (2013)

RCW 38

2E+04

3E+23^†

∼20

Fukui et al. (2016)

M 20

1E+03

1E+22

7.5

Torii et al. (2011)

RCW 120

5E+04

9E+22^†

Torii et al. (2015)

M 42

2E+04

2E+23

∼10

Fukui et al. (2018a)

M 43

3E+02

6E+22

∼1

Fukui et al. (2018a)

Sh2-48

4E+05

6E+22

1 (or 4?)

Torii et al. (2021a)

G49.5−0.4

1E+05

4E+23

6–20

Fujita et al. (2021a)

G49.4−0.3

9E+04

2E+23

Fujita et al. (2021a)

G49.57−0.27

1E+04

3E+22

Fujita et al. (2021a)

4E+04

1E+23

Fujita et al. (2019)

W 49 N

2E+05

5E+23

270

Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)

Serpens North SE sub-cluster

1E+01

2E+16^†

1.5

Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)

L 1641-N

1E+02

5E+21

Nakamura et al. (2012)

Cygnus OB7

1E+02–1E+03

5E+22

Dobashi et al. (2014)

Serpens South IRDC

1E+02–1E+03

2E+23

Nakamura et al. (2014)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

50 |$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$| cloud (Sgr A)

1E+24

>100?

Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)

Four |${H{\small {II}}}$| regions, methanol masers >100, |${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S

N37

∼1E+04

>3E+22^†

Baug et al. (2016)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

L 1188

3E+03

3E+21

2.5

Gong et al. (2017)

G35.20−0.74

1E+23

Dewangan (2017)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

E-S235 main East1

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

Massive Herschel clumps

E-S235 main Southwest

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

Massive Herschel clumps

E-S235ABC

1E+22

Dewangan and Ojha (2017)

N49

8E+22

Dewangan et al. (2017a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

IRAS 18223−1243

1E+04–1E+05

4E+22

Dewangan et al. (2018b)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

G24.85+0.09

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.80+0.10

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.74+0.08

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.71−0.13

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

G24.68−0.16

1E+23

Dewangan et al. (2018a)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from 870 μm

AFGL5142

1E+22

Dewangan et al. (2019a)

Sh 2-237

4E+21

1 or 2

Dewangan et al. (2017b)

G35.39−00.33

2E+22

Henshaw et al. (2013)

Very young. Massive clump formed. |${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from C¹⁸O

G8.14+0.23

4E+22

Dewangan et al. (2019b)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared

REFL9, PouF

5E+21

Li et al. (2018)

CO−0.40 −0.22

Tanaka (2018)

Sgr B2

1E+06

2E+24^†

>200

Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)

DR 21

3E+04

5E+23

Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)

NGC 1333

5E+02

2E+22

Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)

Reflection nebula. Late B

LkHα 198

2E+03

1E+22

0.5

Loren (1977)

Reflection nebula. Late B

IRAS 230604+145055

1E+22^†

4.5

Vallee and Avery (1990)

IRAS 19550+3248

4E+03

2E+22

Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from CS(2–1)

S87

2E+02

1E+22

Xue and Wu (2008)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)

BD+40 4124

1E+23

Looney et al. (2006)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from CS(2–1)

Arches cluster

>100

Stolte et al. (2008)

G0.253+0.016

2E+05

3E+23

Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)

|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$| derived from far infrared. No small cloud

Footpoint MC

2E+05

2E+22

Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)

LkHα 101

Xu et al. (2020)

W 43 main

3E+05

3E+23

10–20

Kohno et al. (2021a)

W 43 South

7E+05

3E+23

Kohno et al. (2021a)

G30.5

5E+05

2E+23

10–15

Kohno et al. (2021a)

[DBS2003] 179

4E+05

>10

Kuwahara et al. (2021)

NGC 2024

5E+02

2E+23

Enokiya et al. (2021a)

NGC 2068

2E+03

6E+22

Fujita et al. (2021c)

NGC 2071

2E+03

2E+22

Fujita et al. (2021c)

Carina nebula complex

7E+04

5E+22

Fujita et al. (2021b)

GMC hosting the S147/153 complex

Dhanya et al. (2021)

Orion A

Lim et al. (2021)

M 17 SWex

5E+03

>1E+23

Kinoshita et al. (2021)

W 28 A2

4E+04 or 2E+05

4E+22

≥4

Hayashi et al. (2021)

M 16

7E+04

5E+22

Nishimura et al. (2021)

IRAS 04000+5052

Wang et al. (2004)

Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas

N159 W-South

9E+03

1E+23

Fukui et al. (2015)

Extragalactic source

N159 E-Papillon

8E+03

6E+22

Saigo et al. (2017)

Extragalactic source

NGC 604

9E+06

3E+21

>200

Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

R 136

1E+06

4E+21

∼400

Fukui et al. (2017)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

LHA 120-N 44

9E+05

6E+21

∼40

Tsuge et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source. |${H \small {I}}$|–|${H \small {I}}$| collision

Firecracker (Antennae)

2E+23

125

∼60

Finn et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

M 33 GMC-37

5E+05

5E+20

≤10

Sano et al. (2021)

Extragalactic source

M 33 GMC-16

2E+04

∼20

Tokuda et al. (2020)

Extragalactic source

M 33 target 5

7E+03

2E+22

Harada et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

M 33 target 6

3E+03

2E+22

Harada et al. (2019)

Extragalactic source

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Physical parameters of CCCs.^*

	Molecular		Relative
	mass	\|$N_\mathrm{H_2}$\|	velocity	Num. of
Name	[M\|${_{\odot}}$\|]	[cm⁻²]	[km s⁻¹]	OB stars	References	Comments
NGC 6334	3E+04	2E+23^†	12	>12	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6357	4E+04	1E+23^†	12	9	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6618	7E+04	6E+23	10	>53	Nishimura et al. (2018)
RCW 36	8E+02	8E+21	5	2	Sano et al. (2018)
GM24	3E+04	2E+22	5	1	Fukui et al. (2018c)
RCW 79	2E+04	1E+22	10	12	Ohama et al. (2018a)
S116	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S117	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S118	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
G018.149−0.283	2E+04	2E+22	5	1	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N21	1E+04	1E+22	3.5	4	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N22	5E+03			13	Ohama et al. (2018b)	Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion
RCW 34	1E+04	1E+22	5	1	Hayashi et al. (2018)
RCW 32	1E+03	6E+21	3	1	Enokiya et al. (2018)
W 33	1E+05	6E+23	23	>10	Kohno et al. (2018a)
N35	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.392+00.072	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.510−00.060	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
S44	3E+04	2E+22^†	5	1	Kohno et al. (2021b)
Wd2	9E+04	2E+23	16	14	Furukawa et al. (2009)
NGC 3603	7E+04	1E+23	15	∼30	Fukui et al. (2013)
RCW 38	2E+04	3E+23^†	12	∼20	Fukui et al. (2016)
M 20	1E+03	1E+22	7.5	1	Torii et al. (2011)
RCW 120	5E+04	9E+22^†	20	1	Torii et al. (2015)
M 42	2E+04	2E+23	7	∼10	Fukui et al. (2018a)
M 43	3E+02	6E+22	7	∼1	Fukui et al. (2018a)
Sh2-48	4E+05	6E+22	5	1 (or 4?)	Torii et al. (2021a)
G49.5−0.4	1E+05	4E+23	6–20	28	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.4−0.3	9E+04	2E+23	10	6	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.57−0.27	1E+04	3E+22	6	1	Fujita et al. (2021a)
N4	4E+04	1E+23	9	1	Fujita et al. (2019)
W 49 N	2E+05	5E+23	8	270	Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)
Serpens North SE sub-cluster	1E+01	2E+16^†	1.5	0	Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)
L 1641-N	1E+02	5E+21	3	0	Nakamura et al. (2012)
Cygnus OB7	1E+02–1E+03	5E+22	2	0	Dobashi et al. (2014)
Serpens South IRDC	1E+02–1E+03	2E+23	1	0	Nakamura et al. (2014)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
50 \|$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$\| cloud (Sgr A)		1E+24	20	>100?	Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)	Four \|${H{\small {II}}}$\| regions, methanol masers >100, \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S
N37	∼1E+04	>3E+22^†	5	7	Baug et al. (2016)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
L 1188	3E+03	3E+21	2.5	0	Gong et al. (2017)
G35.20−0.74		1E+23	4	4	Dewangan (2017)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
E-S235 main East1		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235 main Southwest		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235ABC		1E+22	4	3	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)
N49		8E+22	7	3	Dewangan et al. (2017a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
IRAS 18223−1243	1E+04–1E+05	4E+22	6	1	Dewangan et al. (2018b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
G24.85+0.09		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.80+0.10		1E+23	4	2	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.74+0.08		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.71−0.13		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.68−0.16		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
AFGL5142		1E+22	3	>1	Dewangan et al. (2019a)
Sh 2-237		4E+21	2	1 or 2	Dewangan et al. (2017b)
G35.39−00.33		2E+22	5	0	Henshaw et al. (2013)	Very young. Massive clump formed. \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O
G8.14+0.23		4E+22	7	1	Dewangan et al. (2019b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
REFL9, PouF		5E+21	4	?	Li et al. (2018)
CO−0.40 −0.22			40	0	Tanaka (2018)
Sgr B2	1E+06	2E+24^†	30	>200	Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)
DR 21	3E+04	5E+23	12	11	Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)
NGC 1333	5E+02	2E+22	2	0	Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)	Reflection nebula. Late B
LkHα 198	2E+03	1E+22	0.5	0	Loren (1977)	Reflection nebula. Late B
IRAS 230604+145055		1E+22^†	4.5	0	Vallee and Avery (1990)
IRAS 19550+3248	4E+03	2E+22		0	Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
S87	2E+02	1E+22	2	1	Xue and Wu (2008)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)
BD+40 4124		1E+23	1	1	Looney et al. (2006)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
Arches cluster				>100	Stolte et al. (2008)
G0.253+0.016	2E+05	3E+23		0	Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared. No small cloud
Footpoint MC	2E+05	2E+22	24	0	Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)
LkHα 101			5	1	Xu et al. (2020)
W 43 main	3E+05	3E+23	10–20	5	Kohno et al. (2021a)
W 43 South	7E+05	3E+23	10	10	Kohno et al. (2021a)
G30.5	5E+05	2E+23	10–15		Kohno et al. (2021a)
[DBS2003] 179	4E+05		20	>10	Kuwahara et al. (2021)
NGC 2024	5E+02	2E+23	2	21	Enokiya et al. (2021a)
NGC 2068	2E+03	6E+22	3	3	Fujita et al. (2021c)
NGC 2071	2E+03	2E+22	3	2	Fujita et al. (2021c)
Carina nebula complex	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Fujita et al. (2021b)
GMC hosting the S147/153 complex			5	9	Dhanya et al. (2021)
Orion A					Lim et al. (2021)
M 17 SWex	5E+03	>1E+23	15		Kinoshita et al. (2021)
W 28 A2	4E+04 or 2E+05	4E+22	13	≥4	Hayashi et al. (2021)
M 16	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Nishimura et al. (2021)
IRAS 04000+5052			25	1	Wang et al. (2004)	Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas
N159 W-South	9E+03	1E+23	8	>2	Fukui et al. (2015)	Extragalactic source
N159 E-Papillon	8E+03	6E+22	9	>2	Saigo et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source
NGC 604	9E+06	3E+21	20	>200	Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
R 136	1E+06	4E+21	50	∼400	Fukui et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
LHA 120-N 44	9E+05	6E+21	20	∼40	Tsuge et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
Firecracker (Antennae)		2E+23	125	∼60	Finn et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-37	5E+05	5E+20	6	≤10	Sano et al. (2021)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-16	2E+04		∼20		Tokuda et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 5	7E+03	2E+22	4		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 6	3E+03	2E+22	2		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source

	Molecular		Relative
	mass	\|$N_\mathrm{H_2}$\|	velocity	Num. of
Name	[M\|${_{\odot}}$\|]	[cm⁻²]	[km s⁻¹]	OB stars	References	Comments
NGC 6334	3E+04	2E+23^†	12	>12	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6357	4E+04	1E+23^†	12	9	Fukui et al. (2018b)
NGC 6618	7E+04	6E+23	10	>53	Nishimura et al. (2018)
RCW 36	8E+02	8E+21	5	2	Sano et al. (2018)
GM24	3E+04	2E+22	5	1	Fukui et al. (2018c)
RCW 79	2E+04	1E+22	10	12	Ohama et al. (2018a)
S116	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S117	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
S118	7E+04	2E+22	5	>1	Fukui et al. (2018d)
G018.149−0.283	2E+04	2E+22	5	1	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N21	1E+04	1E+22	3.5	4	Ohama et al. (2018b)
N22	5E+03			13	Ohama et al. (2018b)	Only one cloud detected, possibly due to dispersion
RCW 34	1E+04	1E+22	5	1	Hayashi et al. (2018)
RCW 32	1E+03	6E+21	3	1	Enokiya et al. (2018)
W 33	1E+05	6E+23	23	>10	Kohno et al. (2018a)
N35	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.392+00.072	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
G024.510−00.060	5E+05	9E+22^†	11	1	Torii et al. (2018)
S44	3E+04	2E+22^†	5	1	Kohno et al. (2021b)
Wd2	9E+04	2E+23	16	14	Furukawa et al. (2009)
NGC 3603	7E+04	1E+23	15	∼30	Fukui et al. (2013)
RCW 38	2E+04	3E+23^†	12	∼20	Fukui et al. (2016)
M 20	1E+03	1E+22	7.5	1	Torii et al. (2011)
RCW 120	5E+04	9E+22^†	20	1	Torii et al. (2015)
M 42	2E+04	2E+23	7	∼10	Fukui et al. (2018a)
M 43	3E+02	6E+22	7	∼1	Fukui et al. (2018a)
Sh2-48	4E+05	6E+22	5	1 (or 4?)	Torii et al. (2021a)
G49.5−0.4	1E+05	4E+23	6–20	28	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.4−0.3	9E+04	2E+23	10	6	Fujita et al. (2021a)
G49.57−0.27	1E+04	3E+22	6	1	Fujita et al. (2021a)
N4	4E+04	1E+23	9	1	Fujita et al. (2019)
W 49 N	2E+05	5E+23	8	270	Serabyn et al. (1993); Homeier and Alves (2005); Galván-Madrid et al. (2013)
Serpens North SE sub-cluster	1E+01	2E+16^†	1.5	0	Duarte-Cabral et al. (2011)
L 1641-N	1E+02	5E+21	3	0	Nakamura et al. (2012)
Cygnus OB7	1E+02–1E+03	5E+22	2	0	Dobashi et al. (2014)
Serpens South IRDC	1E+02–1E+03	2E+23	1	0	Nakamura et al. (2014)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
50 \|$\rm{km\,s}^{-1}$\| cloud (Sgr A)		1E+24	20	>100?	Tsuboi, Miyazaki, and Uehara (2015b)	Four \|${H{\small {II}}}$\| regions, methanol masers >100, \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from H¹³CO+ and C³⁴S
N37	∼1E+04	>3E+22^†	5	7	Baug et al. (2016)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
L 1188	3E+03	3E+21	2.5	0	Gong et al. (2017)
G35.20−0.74		1E+23	4	4	Dewangan (2017)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
E-S235 main East1		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235 main Southwest		1E+22	4	1?	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)	Massive Herschel clumps
E-S235ABC		1E+22	4	3	Dewangan and Ojha (2017)
N49		8E+22	7	3	Dewangan et al. (2017a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
IRAS 18223−1243	1E+04–1E+05	4E+22	6	1	Dewangan et al. (2018b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
G24.85+0.09		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.80+0.10		1E+23	4	2	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.74+0.08		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.71−0.13		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
G24.68−0.16		1E+23	4	1	Dewangan et al. (2018a)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from 870 μm
AFGL5142		1E+22	3	>1	Dewangan et al. (2019a)
Sh 2-237		4E+21	2	1 or 2	Dewangan et al. (2017b)
G35.39−00.33		2E+22	5	0	Henshaw et al. (2013)	Very young. Massive clump formed. \|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O
G8.14+0.23		4E+22	7	1	Dewangan et al. (2019b)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared
REFL9, PouF		5E+21	4	?	Li et al. (2018)
CO−0.40 −0.22			40	0	Tanaka (2018)
Sgr B2	1E+06	2E+24^†	30	>200	Hasegawa et al. (1994); Ginsburg et al. (2018)
DR 21	3E+04	5E+23	12	11	Dobashi et al. (2019); Roelfsema et al. (1989)
NGC 1333	5E+02	2E+22	2	0	Loren (1976); Walawender et al. (2008)	Reflection nebula. Late B
LkHα 198	2E+03	1E+22	0.5	0	Loren (1977)	Reflection nebula. Late B
IRAS 230604+145055		1E+22^†	4.5	0	Vallee and Avery (1990)
IRAS 19550+3248	4E+03	2E+22		0	Koo et al. (1994); Lee et al. (1997)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
S87	2E+02	1E+22	2	1	Xue and Wu (2008)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from C¹⁸O(1–0)
BD+40 4124		1E+23	1	1	Looney et al. (2006)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from CS(2–1)
Arches cluster				>100	Stolte et al. (2008)
G0.253+0.016	2E+05	3E+23		0	Higuchi et al. (2014); Molinari et al. (2011)	\|${N_\mathrm{H_2}}$\| derived from far infrared. No small cloud
Footpoint MC	2E+05	2E+22	24	0	Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b)
LkHα 101			5	1	Xu et al. (2020)
W 43 main	3E+05	3E+23	10–20	5	Kohno et al. (2021a)
W 43 South	7E+05	3E+23	10	10	Kohno et al. (2021a)
G30.5	5E+05	2E+23	10–15		Kohno et al. (2021a)
[DBS2003] 179	4E+05		20	>10	Kuwahara et al. (2021)
NGC 2024	5E+02	2E+23	2	21	Enokiya et al. (2021a)
NGC 2068	2E+03	6E+22	3	3	Fujita et al. (2021c)
NGC 2071	2E+03	2E+22	3	2	Fujita et al. (2021c)
Carina nebula complex	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Fujita et al. (2021b)
GMC hosting the S147/153 complex			5	9	Dhanya et al. (2021)
Orion A					Lim et al. (2021)
M 17 SWex	5E+03	>1E+23	15		Kinoshita et al. (2021)
W 28 A2	4E+04 or 2E+05	4E+22	13	≥4	Hayashi et al. (2021)
M 16	7E+04	5E+22	2	21	Nishimura et al. (2021)
IRAS 04000+5052			25	1	Wang et al. (2004)	Collision between Galactic and intergalactic gas
N159 W-South	9E+03	1E+23	8	>2	Fukui et al. (2015)	Extragalactic source
N159 E-Papillon	8E+03	6E+22	9	>2	Saigo et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source
NGC 604	9E+06	3E+21	20	>200	Tachihara et al. (2018); Muraoka et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
R 136	1E+06	4E+21	50	∼400	Fukui et al. (2017)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
LHA 120-N 44	9E+05	6E+21	20	∼40	Tsuge et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source. \|${H \small {I}}$\|–\|${H \small {I}}$\| collision
Firecracker (Antennae)		2E+23	125	∼60	Finn et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-37	5E+05	5E+20	6	≤10	Sano et al. (2021)	Extragalactic source
M 33 GMC-16	2E+04		∼20		Tokuda et al. (2020)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 5	7E+03	2E+22	4		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source
M 33 target 6	3E+03	2E+22	2		Harada et al. (2019)	Extragalactic source

Column 1: Names of CCC objects. Column 3: Peak column density or corrected peak column densities from the reference. If the reference does not include the column density but a CO integrated intensity map, we derived the peak column density from the CO map. See text for details. Column 5: The total number of O- and early B-type stars described in the reference. Adapted from Enokiya, Torii, and Fukui (2021b) with permission.

†

Corrected peak column density obtained by multiplying the typical column density in the reference(s) by 3.0.

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