Table 1 Open in new tab Descriptive...

	After matching
Total	16 039	100	16 039	100
Sex					P > 0.05
Men	8097	50.5	8097	50.5
Women	7942	49.5	7942	49.5
Age category				P > 0.05
25–29	1254	7.8	1221	7.6
30–34	2558	15.9	2562	16.0
35–39	2681	16.7	2676	16.7
40–44	3057	19.1	3091	19.3
45–49	3313	20.7	3251	20.3
50–55	2904	18.1	2944	18.4
56–59	272	1.7	294	1.8
Family structure				P > 0.05
Single, no children	3434	21.4	3407	21.2
Couple, children	3164	19.7	3103	19.3
Couple, no children	6703	41.8	6709	41.8
Single, children	1623	10.1	1698	10.6
Other	1115	6.9	1122	7.0
Education					P > 0.05
Primary	3076	19.2	3055	19.0
Secondary without high school	7847	48.9	7734	48.2
Secondary with high school	1423	8.9	1452	9.0
Tertiary	3693	23.0	3798	23.7
Field of education				P > 0.05
Generic programmes	3505	21.9	3493	21.8
Education	63	0.4	70	0.4
Arts and humanities	608	3.8	621	3.9
Social sciences, journalism and information	89	0.6	91	0.6
Business, administration and law	2447	15.3	2402	15.0
Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics	78	0.5	75	0.5
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)	611	3.8	639	4.0
Engineering, manufacturing and construction	4890	30.5	4813	30.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary	523	3.2	507	3.2
Health and welfare	1122	7.0	1171	7.3
Services	2075	12.9	2125	13.2
Unknown	28	0.2	32	0.2
Years since last education			P > 0.05
0–10	4256	26.5	4215	26.3
11–20	4910	30.6	4962	30.9
21–30	4645	28.9	4674	29.1
31–44	2223	13.9	2185	13.6
Missing	5	0.0	<5	0.0
Socioeconomic status				P > 0.05
Upper non-manual employees	1551	9.7	1571	9.8
Lower non-manual employees	2140	12.7	2124	13.2
Skilled manual workers	9903	61.7	9799	61.1
Unskilled manual workers	1946	12.1	1949	12.1
Self-employed	599	3.7	596	3.7
Industrial sector					P > 0.05
Primary production^a	343	21.0	347	2.2
Manufacturing	4804	29.9	4718	29.4
Construction^b	1437	9.0	1364	8.5
Wholesale and retail trade	1645	10.3	1676	10.4
Transportation and storage	1087	6.8	1084	6.8
Accommodation and food service activities	550	3.3	552	3.4
Knowledge^c	1419	8.8	1478	9.2
Administrative and support service activites	1459	9.1	1473	9.2
Public administration and defence	340	2.1	349	2.2
Education	377	2.3	384	2.4
Human health and social work activities	1981	12.3	2022	12.6
Other^d	597	3.7	592	3.7
Employment sector					P > 0.05
Private	12 989	80.1	12 917	80.5
Public	2476	15.4	2541	15.8
Self-employed	574	3.6	581	3.6
Income category, €				P > 0.05
0–12 499	2272	14.2	2307	14.4
12 500–18 899	4338	27.0	4291	26.7
18 900–24 799	5081	31.7	5073	31.6
24 800–>	4348	27.1	4368	27.2
Region					P > 0.05
Uusimaa (capital area)	3383	21.1	3379	21.1
South	2687	16.7	2705	16.8
West	5793	36.1	5761	35.9
East	1991	12.4	1983	12.4
North	2185	13.6	2211	13.8
Residence					P > 0.05
Rural	2612	16.3	2609	16.3
Urban	13 389	83.5	13 385	83.4
Missing	38	0.2	45	0.3
Employment history cluster					P > 0.05
High employment, low unemployment	7594	47.3	7594	47.3
Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment	4454	27.8	4454	27.8
Low employment, high unemployment	3991	24.9	3991	24.9
Start year of LMT				P > 0.05
2008	2801	17.5	2818	17.6
2009	3133	19.5	3116	19.4
2010	2666	16.6	2642	16.5
2011	1967	12.3	1991	12.4
2012	1854	11.6	1871	11.7
2013	1763	11.0	1746	10.9
2014	1261	7.9	1243	7.7
2015	594	3.7	612	3.8
Preparatory training
1 year before: yes	364	2.3	353	2.2	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	15 675	97.7	15 686	97.8
2 years before: yes	427	2.7	403	2.5	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	15 612	97.3	15 636	97.5
3 years before: yes	820	5.1	796	5.0	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	15 219	95.9	15 243	95.0
Unemployment placement, any
1 year before: yes	1350	8.4	1341	8.4	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	14 689	91.6	14 698	91.6
2 years before: yes	1254	7.9	1242	7.7	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	14 775	92.1	14 797	92.3
3 years before: yes	1198	7.5	1214	7.6	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	14 841	92.5	14 825	92.4
Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT					P > 0.05
Was a student	8492	52.9	8466	52.8
Was not a student	7547	47.0	7573	47.2
Not used in matching
Duration of LMT (days)		P > 0.05
0–32	4018	25.0	3996	24.9
33–180	5348	33.3	5436	33.9
Over 180	6673	41.6	6607	41.2

After matching

No sickness absence history

Sickness absence history

%^¹

chi²

Total

16 039

100

16 039

100

Sex

P > 0.05

Men

8097

50.5

8097

50.5

Women

7942

49.5

7942

49.5

Age category

P > 0.05

25–29

1254

7.8

1221

7.6

30–34

2558

15.9

2562

16.0

35–39

2681

16.7

2676

16.7

40–44

3057

19.1

3091

19.3

45–49

3313

20.7

3251

20.3

50–55

2904

18.1

2944

18.4

56–59

272

1.7

294

1.8

Family structure

P > 0.05

Single, no children

3434

21.4

3407

21.2

Couple, children

3164

19.7

3103

19.3

Couple, no children

6703

41.8

6709

41.8

Single, children

1623

10.1

1698

10.6

Other

1115

6.9

1122

7.0

Education

P > 0.05

Primary

3076

19.2

3055

19.0

Secondary without high school

7847

48.9

7734

48.2

Secondary with high school

1423

8.9

1452

9.0

Tertiary

3693

23.0

3798

23.7

Field of education

P > 0.05

Generic programmes

3505

21.9

3493

21.8

Education

0.4

Arts and humanities

608

3.8

621

3.9

Social sciences, journalism and information

0.6

Business, administration and law

2447

15.3

2402

15.0

Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics

0.5

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

611

3.8

639

4.0

Engineering, manufacturing and construction

4890

30.5

4813

30.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary

523

3.2

507

3.2

Health and welfare

1122

7.0

1171

7.3

Services

2075

12.9

2125

13.2

Unknown

0.2

Years since last education

P > 0.05

0–10

4256

26.5

4215

26.3

11–20

4910

30.6

4962

30.9

21–30

4645

28.9

4674

29.1

31–44

2223

13.9

2185

13.6

Missing

0.0

Socioeconomic status

P > 0.05

Upper non-manual employees

1551

9.7

1571

9.8

Lower non-manual employees

2140

12.7

2124

13.2

Skilled manual workers

9903

61.7

9799

61.1

Unskilled manual workers

1946

12.1

1949

12.1

Self-employed

599

3.7

596

3.7

Industrial sector

P > 0.05

Primary production^a

343

21.0

347

2.2

Manufacturing

4804

29.9

4718

29.4

Construction^b

1437

9.0

1364

8.5

Wholesale and retail trade

1645

10.3

1676

10.4

Transportation and storage

1087

6.8

1084

6.8

Accommodation and food service activities

550

3.3

552

3.4

Knowledge^c

1419

8.8

1478

9.2

Administrative and support service activites

1459

9.1

1473

9.2

Public administration and defence

340

2.1

349

2.2

Education

377

2.3

384

2.4

Human health and social work activities

1981

12.3

2022

12.6

Other^d

597

3.7

592

3.7

Employment sector

P > 0.05

Private

12 989

80.1

12 917

80.5

Public

2476

15.4

2541

15.8

Self-employed

574

3.6

581

3.6

Income category, €

P > 0.05

0–12 499

2272

14.2

2307

14.4

12 500–18 899

4338

27.0

4291

26.7

18 900–24 799

5081

31.7

5073

31.6

24 800–>

4348

27.1

4368

27.2

Region

P > 0.05

Uusimaa (capital area)

3383

21.1

3379

21.1

South

2687

16.7

2705

16.8

West

5793

36.1

5761

35.9

East

1991

12.4

1983

12.4

North

2185

13.6

2211

13.8

Residence

P > 0.05

Rural

2612

16.3

2609

16.3

Urban

13 389

83.5

13 385

83.4

Missing

0.2

0.3

Employment history cluster

P > 0.05

High employment, low unemployment

7594

47.3

7594

47.3

Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment

4454

27.8

4454

27.8

Low employment, high unemployment

3991

24.9

3991

24.9

Start year of LMT

P > 0.05

2008

2801

17.5

2818

17.6

2009

3133

19.5

3116

19.4

2010

2666

16.6

2642

16.5

2011

1967

12.3

1991

12.4

2012

1854

11.6

1871

11.7

2013

1763

11.0

1746

10.9

2014

1261

7.9

1243

7.7

2015

594

3.7

612

3.8

Preparatory training

1 year before: yes

364

2.3

353

2.2

P > 0.05

1 year before: no

15 675

97.7

15 686

97.8

2 years before: yes

427

2.7

403

2.5

P > 0.05

2 years before: no

15 612

97.3

15 636

97.5

3 years before: yes

820

5.1

796

5.0

P > 0.05

3 years before: no

15 219

95.9

15 243

95.0

Unemployment placement, any

1 year before: yes

1350

8.4

1341

8.4

P > 0.05

1 year before: no

14 689

91.6

14 698

91.6

2 years before: yes

1254

7.9

1242

7.7

P > 0.05

2 years before: no

14 775

92.1

14 797

92.3

3 years before: yes

1198

7.5

1214

7.6

P > 0.05

3 years before: no

14 841

92.5

14 825

92.4

Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT

P > 0.05

Was a student

8492

52.9

8466

52.8

Was not a student

7547

47.0

7573

47.2

Not used in matching

Duration of LMT (days)

P > 0.05

0–32

4018

25.0

3996

24.9

33–180

5348

33.3

5436

33.9

Over 180

6673

41.6

6607

41.2

	After matching
Total	16 039	100	16 039	100
Sex					P > 0.05
Men	8097	50.5	8097	50.5
Women	7942	49.5	7942	49.5
Age category				P > 0.05
25–29	1254	7.8	1221	7.6
30–34	2558	15.9	2562	16.0
35–39	2681	16.7	2676	16.7
40–44	3057	19.1	3091	19.3
45–49	3313	20.7	3251	20.3
50–55	2904	18.1	2944	18.4
56–59	272	1.7	294	1.8
Family structure				P > 0.05
Single, no children	3434	21.4	3407	21.2
Couple, children	3164	19.7	3103	19.3
Couple, no children	6703	41.8	6709	41.8
Single, children	1623	10.1	1698	10.6
Other	1115	6.9	1122	7.0
Education					P > 0.05
Primary	3076	19.2	3055	19.0
Secondary without high school	7847	48.9	7734	48.2
Secondary with high school	1423	8.9	1452	9.0
Tertiary	3693	23.0	3798	23.7
Field of education				P > 0.05
Generic programmes	3505	21.9	3493	21.8
Education	63	0.4	70	0.4
Arts and humanities	608	3.8	621	3.9
Social sciences, journalism and information	89	0.6	91	0.6
Business, administration and law	2447	15.3	2402	15.0
Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics	78	0.5	75	0.5
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)	611	3.8	639	4.0
Engineering, manufacturing and construction	4890	30.5	4813	30.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary	523	3.2	507	3.2
Health and welfare	1122	7.0	1171	7.3
Services	2075	12.9	2125	13.2
Unknown	28	0.2	32	0.2
Years since last education			P > 0.05
0–10	4256	26.5	4215	26.3
11–20	4910	30.6	4962	30.9
21–30	4645	28.9	4674	29.1
31–44	2223	13.9	2185	13.6
Missing	5	0.0	<5	0.0
Socioeconomic status				P > 0.05
Upper non-manual employees	1551	9.7	1571	9.8
Lower non-manual employees	2140	12.7	2124	13.2
Skilled manual workers	9903	61.7	9799	61.1
Unskilled manual workers	1946	12.1	1949	12.1
Self-employed	599	3.7	596	3.7
Industrial sector					P > 0.05
Primary production^a	343	21.0	347	2.2
Manufacturing	4804	29.9	4718	29.4
Construction^b	1437	9.0	1364	8.5
Wholesale and retail trade	1645	10.3	1676	10.4
Transportation and storage	1087	6.8	1084	6.8
Accommodation and food service activities	550	3.3	552	3.4
Knowledge^c	1419	8.8	1478	9.2
Administrative and support service activites	1459	9.1	1473	9.2
Public administration and defence	340	2.1	349	2.2
Education	377	2.3	384	2.4
Human health and social work activities	1981	12.3	2022	12.6
Other^d	597	3.7	592	3.7
Employment sector					P > 0.05
Private	12 989	80.1	12 917	80.5
Public	2476	15.4	2541	15.8
Self-employed	574	3.6	581	3.6
Income category, €				P > 0.05
0–12 499	2272	14.2	2307	14.4
12 500–18 899	4338	27.0	4291	26.7
18 900–24 799	5081	31.7	5073	31.6
24 800–>	4348	27.1	4368	27.2
Region					P > 0.05
Uusimaa (capital area)	3383	21.1	3379	21.1
South	2687	16.7	2705	16.8
West	5793	36.1	5761	35.9
East	1991	12.4	1983	12.4
North	2185	13.6	2211	13.8
Residence					P > 0.05
Rural	2612	16.3	2609	16.3
Urban	13 389	83.5	13 385	83.4
Missing	38	0.2	45	0.3
Employment history cluster					P > 0.05
High employment, low unemployment	7594	47.3	7594	47.3
Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment	4454	27.8	4454	27.8
Low employment, high unemployment	3991	24.9	3991	24.9
Start year of LMT				P > 0.05
2008	2801	17.5	2818	17.6
2009	3133	19.5	3116	19.4
2010	2666	16.6	2642	16.5
2011	1967	12.3	1991	12.4
2012	1854	11.6	1871	11.7
2013	1763	11.0	1746	10.9
2014	1261	7.9	1243	7.7
2015	594	3.7	612	3.8
Preparatory training
1 year before: yes	364	2.3	353	2.2	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	15 675	97.7	15 686	97.8
2 years before: yes	427	2.7	403	2.5	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	15 612	97.3	15 636	97.5
3 years before: yes	820	5.1	796	5.0	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	15 219	95.9	15 243	95.0
Unemployment placement, any
1 year before: yes	1350	8.4	1341	8.4	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	14 689	91.6	14 698	91.6
2 years before: yes	1254	7.9	1242	7.7	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	14 775	92.1	14 797	92.3
3 years before: yes	1198	7.5	1214	7.6	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	14 841	92.5	14 825	92.4
Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT					P > 0.05
Was a student	8492	52.9	8466	52.8
Was not a student	7547	47.0	7573	47.2
Not used in matching
Duration of LMT (days)		P > 0.05
0–32	4018	25.0	3996	24.9
33–180	5348	33.3	5436	33.9
Over 180	6673	41.6	6607	41.2

After matching

No sickness absence history

Sickness absence history

%^¹

chi²

Total

16 039

100

16 039

100

Sex

P > 0.05

Men

8097

50.5

8097

50.5

Women

7942

49.5

7942

49.5

Age category

P > 0.05

25–29

1254

7.8

1221

7.6

30–34

2558

15.9

2562

16.0

35–39

2681

16.7

2676

16.7

40–44

3057

19.1

3091

19.3

45–49

3313

20.7

3251

20.3

50–55

2904

18.1

2944

18.4

56–59

272

1.7

294

1.8

Family structure

P > 0.05

Single, no children

3434

21.4

3407

21.2

Couple, children

3164

19.7

3103

19.3

Couple, no children

6703

41.8

6709

41.8

Single, children

1623

10.1

1698

10.6

Other

1115

6.9

1122

7.0

Education

P > 0.05

Primary

3076

19.2

3055

19.0

Secondary without high school

7847

48.9

7734

48.2

Secondary with high school

1423

8.9

1452

9.0

Tertiary

3693

23.0

3798

23.7

Field of education

P > 0.05

Generic programmes

3505

21.9

3493

21.8

Education

0.4

Arts and humanities

608

3.8

621

3.9

Social sciences, journalism and information

0.6

Business, administration and law

2447

15.3

2402

15.0

Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics

0.5

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

611

3.8

639

4.0

Engineering, manufacturing and construction

4890

30.5

4813

30.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary

523

3.2

507

3.2

Health and welfare

1122

7.0

1171

7.3

Services

2075

12.9

2125

13.2

Unknown

0.2

Years since last education

P > 0.05

0–10

4256

26.5

4215

26.3

11–20

4910

30.6

4962

30.9

21–30

4645

28.9

4674

29.1

31–44

2223

13.9

2185

13.6

Missing

0.0

Socioeconomic status

P > 0.05

Upper non-manual employees

1551

9.7

1571

9.8

Lower non-manual employees

2140

12.7

2124

13.2

Skilled manual workers

9903

61.7

9799

61.1

Unskilled manual workers

1946

12.1

1949

12.1

Self-employed

599

3.7

596

3.7

Industrial sector

P > 0.05

Primary production^a

343

21.0

347

2.2

Manufacturing

4804

29.9

4718

29.4

Construction^b

1437

9.0

1364

8.5

Wholesale and retail trade

1645

10.3

1676

10.4

Transportation and storage

1087

6.8

1084

6.8

Accommodation and food service activities

550

3.3

552

3.4

Knowledge^c

1419

8.8

1478

9.2

Administrative and support service activites

1459

9.1

1473

9.2

Public administration and defence

340

2.1

349

2.2

Education

377

2.3

384

2.4

Human health and social work activities

1981

12.3

2022

12.6

Other^d

597

3.7

592

3.7

Employment sector

P > 0.05

Private

12 989

80.1

12 917

80.5

Public

2476

15.4

2541

15.8

Self-employed

574

3.6

581

3.6

Income category, €

P > 0.05

0–12 499

2272

14.2

2307

14.4

12 500–18 899

4338

27.0

4291

26.7

18 900–24 799

5081

31.7

5073

31.6

24 800–>

4348

27.1

4368

27.2

Region

P > 0.05

Uusimaa (capital area)

3383

21.1

3379

21.1

South

2687

16.7

2705

16.8

West

5793

36.1

5761

35.9

East

1991

12.4

1983

12.4

North

2185

13.6

2211

13.8

Residence

P > 0.05

Rural

2612

16.3

2609

16.3

Urban

13 389

83.5

13 385

83.4

Missing

0.2

0.3

Employment history cluster

P > 0.05

High employment, low unemployment

7594

47.3

7594

47.3

Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment

4454

27.8

4454

27.8

Low employment, high unemployment

3991

24.9

3991

24.9

Start year of LMT

P > 0.05

2008

2801

17.5

2818

17.6

2009

3133

19.5

3116

19.4

2010

2666

16.6

2642

16.5

2011

1967

12.3

1991

12.4

2012

1854

11.6

1871

11.7

2013

1763

11.0

1746

10.9

2014

1261

7.9

1243

7.7

2015

594

3.7

612

3.8

Preparatory training

1 year before: yes

364

2.3

353

2.2

P > 0.05

1 year before: no

15 675

97.7

15 686

97.8

2 years before: yes

427

2.7

403

2.5

P > 0.05

2 years before: no

15 612

97.3

15 636

97.5

3 years before: yes

820

5.1

796

5.0

P > 0.05

3 years before: no

15 219

95.9

15 243

95.0

Unemployment placement, any

1 year before: yes

1350

8.4

1341

8.4

P > 0.05

1 year before: no

14 689

91.6

14 698

91.6

2 years before: yes

1254

7.9

1242

7.7

P > 0.05

2 years before: no

14 775

92.1

14 797

92.3

3 years before: yes

1198

7.5

1214

7.6

P > 0.05

3 years before: no

14 841

92.5

14 825

92.4

Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT

P > 0.05

Was a student

8492

52.9

8466

52.8

Was not a student

7547

47.0

7573

47.2

Not used in matching

Duration of LMT (days)

P > 0.05

0–32

4018

25.0

3996

24.9

33–180

5348

33.3

5436

33.9

Over 180

6673

41.6

6607

41.2

Table 1

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Descriptive statistics of the study population consisting of participants in vocational labour market training (LMT) after matching

	After matching
	No sickness absence history		Sickness absence history
	N	%^¹	N	%	chi²
Total	16 039	100	16 039	100
Sex					P > 0.05
Men	8097	50.5	8097	50.5
Women	7942	49.5	7942	49.5
Age category					P > 0.05
25–29	1254	7.8	1221	7.6
30–34	2558	15.9	2562	16.0
35–39	2681	16.7	2676	16.7
40–44	3057	19.1	3091	19.3
45–49	3313	20.7	3251	20.3
50–55	2904	18.1	2944	18.4
56–59	272	1.7	294	1.8
Family structure					P > 0.05
Single, no children	3434	21.4	3407	21.2
Couple, children	3164	19.7	3103	19.3
Couple, no children	6703	41.8	6709	41.8
Single, children	1623	10.1	1698	10.6
Other	1115	6.9	1122	7.0
Education					P > 0.05
Primary	3076	19.2	3055	19.0
Secondary without high school	7847	48.9	7734	48.2
Secondary with high school	1423	8.9	1452	9.0
Tertiary	3693	23.0	3798	23.7
Field of education					P > 0.05
Generic programmes	3505	21.9	3493	21.8
Education	63	0.4	70	0.4
Arts and humanities	608	3.8	621	3.9
Social sciences, journalism and information	89	0.6	91	0.6
Business, administration and law	2447	15.3	2402	15.0
Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics	78	0.5	75	0.5
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)	611	3.8	639	4.0
Engineering, manufacturing and construction	4890	30.5	4813	30.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary	523	3.2	507	3.2
Health and welfare	1122	7.0	1171	7.3
Services	2075	12.9	2125	13.2
Unknown	28	0.2	32	0.2
Years since last education					P > 0.05
0–10	4256	26.5	4215	26.3
11–20	4910	30.6	4962	30.9
21–30	4645	28.9	4674	29.1
31–44	2223	13.9	2185	13.6
Missing	5	0.0	<5	0.0
Socioeconomic status					P > 0.05
Upper non-manual employees	1551	9.7	1571	9.8
Lower non-manual employees	2140	12.7	2124	13.2
Skilled manual workers	9903	61.7	9799	61.1
Unskilled manual workers	1946	12.1	1949	12.1
Self-employed	599	3.7	596	3.7
Industrial sector					P > 0.05
Primary production^a	343	21.0	347	2.2
Manufacturing	4804	29.9	4718	29.4
Construction^b	1437	9.0	1364	8.5
Wholesale and retail trade	1645	10.3	1676	10.4
Transportation and storage	1087	6.8	1084	6.8
Accommodation and food service activities	550	3.3	552	3.4
Knowledge^c	1419	8.8	1478	9.2
Administrative and support service activites	1459	9.1	1473	9.2
Public administration and defence	340	2.1	349	2.2
Education	377	2.3	384	2.4
Human health and social work activities	1981	12.3	2022	12.6
Other^d	597	3.7	592	3.7
Employment sector					P > 0.05
Private	12 989	80.1	12 917	80.5
Public	2476	15.4	2541	15.8
Self-employed	574	3.6	581	3.6
Income category, €					P > 0.05
0–12 499	2272	14.2	2307	14.4
12 500–18 899	4338	27.0	4291	26.7
18 900–24 799	5081	31.7	5073	31.6
24 800–>	4348	27.1	4368	27.2
Region					P > 0.05
Uusimaa (capital area)	3383	21.1	3379	21.1
South	2687	16.7	2705	16.8
West	5793	36.1	5761	35.9
East	1991	12.4	1983	12.4
North	2185	13.6	2211	13.8
Residence					P > 0.05
Rural	2612	16.3	2609	16.3
Urban	13 389	83.5	13 385	83.4
Missing	38	0.2	45	0.3
Employment history cluster					P > 0.05
High employment, low unemployment	7594	47.3	7594	47.3
Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment	4454	27.8	4454	27.8
Low employment, high unemployment	3991	24.9	3991	24.9
Start year of LMT					P > 0.05
2008	2801	17.5	2818	17.6
2009	3133	19.5	3116	19.4
2010	2666	16.6	2642	16.5
2011	1967	12.3	1991	12.4
2012	1854	11.6	1871	11.7
2013	1763	11.0	1746	10.9
2014	1261	7.9	1243	7.7
2015	594	3.7	612	3.8
Preparatory training
1 year before: yes	364	2.3	353	2.2	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	15 675	97.7	15 686	97.8
2 years before: yes	427	2.7	403	2.5	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	15 612	97.3	15 636	97.5
3 years before: yes	820	5.1	796	5.0	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	15 219	95.9	15 243	95.0
Unemployment placement, any
1 year before: yes	1350	8.4	1341	8.4	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	14 689	91.6	14 698	91.6
2 years before: yes	1254	7.9	1242	7.7	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	14 775	92.1	14 797	92.3
3 years before: yes	1198	7.5	1214	7.6	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	14 841	92.5	14 825	92.4
Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT					P > 0.05
Was a student	8492	52.9	8466	52.8
Was not a student	7547	47.0	7573	47.2
Not used in matching
Duration of LMT (days)					P > 0.05
0–32	4018	25.0	3996	24.9
33–180	5348	33.3	5436	33.9
Over 180	6673	41.6	6607	41.2

	After matching
	No sickness absence history		Sickness absence history
	N	%^¹	N	%	chi²
Total	16 039	100	16 039	100
Sex					P > 0.05
Men	8097	50.5	8097	50.5
Women	7942	49.5	7942	49.5
Age category					P > 0.05
25–29	1254	7.8	1221	7.6
30–34	2558	15.9	2562	16.0
35–39	2681	16.7	2676	16.7
40–44	3057	19.1	3091	19.3
45–49	3313	20.7	3251	20.3
50–55	2904	18.1	2944	18.4
56–59	272	1.7	294	1.8
Family structure					P > 0.05
Single, no children	3434	21.4	3407	21.2
Couple, children	3164	19.7	3103	19.3
Couple, no children	6703	41.8	6709	41.8
Single, children	1623	10.1	1698	10.6
Other	1115	6.9	1122	7.0
Education					P > 0.05
Primary	3076	19.2	3055	19.0
Secondary without high school	7847	48.9	7734	48.2
Secondary with high school	1423	8.9	1452	9.0
Tertiary	3693	23.0	3798	23.7
Field of education					P > 0.05
Generic programmes	3505	21.9	3493	21.8
Education	63	0.4	70	0.4
Arts and humanities	608	3.8	621	3.9
Social sciences, journalism and information	89	0.6	91	0.6
Business, administration and law	2447	15.3	2402	15.0
Natural sciences, mathematics and statistics	78	0.5	75	0.5
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)	611	3.8	639	4.0
Engineering, manufacturing and construction	4890	30.5	4813	30.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary	523	3.2	507	3.2
Health and welfare	1122	7.0	1171	7.3
Services	2075	12.9	2125	13.2
Unknown	28	0.2	32	0.2
Years since last education					P > 0.05
0–10	4256	26.5	4215	26.3
11–20	4910	30.6	4962	30.9
21–30	4645	28.9	4674	29.1
31–44	2223	13.9	2185	13.6
Missing	5	0.0	<5	0.0
Socioeconomic status					P > 0.05
Upper non-manual employees	1551	9.7	1571	9.8
Lower non-manual employees	2140	12.7	2124	13.2
Skilled manual workers	9903	61.7	9799	61.1
Unskilled manual workers	1946	12.1	1949	12.1
Self-employed	599	3.7	596	3.7
Industrial sector					P > 0.05
Primary production^a	343	21.0	347	2.2
Manufacturing	4804	29.9	4718	29.4
Construction^b	1437	9.0	1364	8.5
Wholesale and retail trade	1645	10.3	1676	10.4
Transportation and storage	1087	6.8	1084	6.8
Accommodation and food service activities	550	3.3	552	3.4
Knowledge^c	1419	8.8	1478	9.2
Administrative and support service activites	1459	9.1	1473	9.2
Public administration and defence	340	2.1	349	2.2
Education	377	2.3	384	2.4
Human health and social work activities	1981	12.3	2022	12.6
Other^d	597	3.7	592	3.7
Employment sector					P > 0.05
Private	12 989	80.1	12 917	80.5
Public	2476	15.4	2541	15.8
Self-employed	574	3.6	581	3.6
Income category, €					P > 0.05
0–12 499	2272	14.2	2307	14.4
12 500–18 899	4338	27.0	4291	26.7
18 900–24 799	5081	31.7	5073	31.6
24 800–>	4348	27.1	4368	27.2
Region					P > 0.05
Uusimaa (capital area)	3383	21.1	3379	21.1
South	2687	16.7	2705	16.8
West	5793	36.1	5761	35.9
East	1991	12.4	1983	12.4
North	2185	13.6	2211	13.8
Residence					P > 0.05
Rural	2612	16.3	2609	16.3
Urban	13 389	83.5	13 385	83.4
Missing	38	0.2	45	0.3
Employment history cluster					P > 0.05
High employment, low unemployment	7594	47.3	7594	47.3
Decreasing employment, increasing unemployment	4454	27.8	4454	27.8
Low employment, high unemployment	3991	24.9	3991	24.9
Start year of LMT					P > 0.05
2008	2801	17.5	2818	17.6
2009	3133	19.5	3116	19.4
2010	2666	16.6	2642	16.5
2011	1967	12.3	1991	12.4
2012	1854	11.6	1871	11.7
2013	1763	11.0	1746	10.9
2014	1261	7.9	1243	7.7
2015	594	3.7	612	3.8
Preparatory training
1 year before: yes	364	2.3	353	2.2	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	15 675	97.7	15 686	97.8
2 years before: yes	427	2.7	403	2.5	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	15 612	97.3	15 636	97.5
3 years before: yes	820	5.1	796	5.0	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	15 219	95.9	15 243	95.0
Unemployment placement, any
1 year before: yes	1350	8.4	1341	8.4	P > 0.05
1 year before: no	14 689	91.6	14 698	91.6
2 years before: yes	1254	7.9	1242	7.7	P > 0.05
2 years before: no	14 775	92.1	14 797	92.3
3 years before: yes	1198	7.5	1214	7.6	P > 0.05
3 years before: no	14 841	92.5	14 825	92.4
Student status, at least once 3 years before LMT					P > 0.05
Was a student	8492	52.9	8466	52.8
Was not a student	7547	47.0	7573	47.2
Not used in matching
Duration of LMT (days)					P > 0.05
0–32	4018	25.0	3996	24.9
33–180	5348	33.3	5436	33.9
Over 180	6673	41.6	6607	41.2

% = The proportion of individuals by background characteristics.

Combination of agriculture, forestry and fishing; Mining and quarrying.

Combination of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities and construction.

Combination of information and communication; Financial and insurance activities; Real estate activities; Professional, scientific and technical activities.

Combination of arts, entertainment and recreation; Other service activities; Activities of households as employers; Undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use; Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies; Industry unknown.

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