| (Dependent variable: the number of dwellings in a postcode) . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . |
| . | . | |$+$| Controls . | Greenbelts . | Greenbelt . | Greenbelt . | Inside . |
| . | . | and fixed effects . | in 1973 . | border < 2 km . | border < 1 km . | greenbelt areas . |
| Share greenbelt land | −0.4661*** | −0.6535*** | −1.1719*** | −1.0024*** | −0.9721*** | −1.0046*** |
| (0.0159) | (0.0142) | (0.0255) | (0.0177) | (0.0185) | (0.0349) | |
| Area size of postcode (log) | 0.0486*** | 0.1105*** | 0.2726*** | 0.2271*** | 0.2265*** | 0.1723*** |
| (0.0034) | (0.0026) | (0.0070) | (0.0046) | (0.0050) | (0.0096) | |
| Distance to the city centre | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Distance to the border | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Local authority fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Number of observations | 1,309,635 | 1,309,635 | 250,671 | 392,526 | 255,860 | 33,923 |
| Bandwidth (km) | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudo-|$R^2$| | 0.0123 | 0.0764 | 0.146 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.167 |
| (Dependent variable: the number of dwellings in a postcode) . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . |
| . | . | |$+$| Controls . | Greenbelts . | Greenbelt . | Greenbelt . | Inside . |
| . | . | and fixed effects . | in 1973 . | border < 2 km . | border < 1 km . | greenbelt areas . |
| Share greenbelt land | −0.4661*** | −0.6535*** | −1.1719*** | −1.0024*** | −0.9721*** | −1.0046*** |
| (0.0159) | (0.0142) | (0.0255) | (0.0177) | (0.0185) | (0.0349) | |
| Area size of postcode (log) | 0.0486*** | 0.1105*** | 0.2726*** | 0.2271*** | 0.2265*** | 0.1723*** |
| (0.0034) | (0.0026) | (0.0070) | (0.0046) | (0.0050) | (0.0096) | |
| Distance to the city centre | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Distance to the border | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Local authority fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Number of observations | 1,309,635 | 1,309,635 | 250,671 | 392,526 | 255,860 | 33,923 |
| Bandwidth (km) | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudo-|$R^2$| | 0.0123 | 0.0764 | 0.146 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.167 |
Notes: Distance to the city centre refers to a linear, squared and cubic term of distance to the nearest city centre. Distance to the border refers to a linear and squared term of distance to the nearest greenbelt border on either side of the greenbelt border. Column (3) includes observations in areas that are in greenbelts that were approved or considered in 1973. In columns (4) I include transactions that are within 2 km of a greenbelt border, which is reduced to 1 km in columns (5) and (6). In column (6) I only include postcodes in greenbelt areas. SEs are clustered at the MSOA level and in parentheses. *** |$p\lt 0.01$|.
| (Dependent variable: the number of dwellings in a postcode) . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . |
| . | . | |$+$| Controls . | Greenbelts . | Greenbelt . | Greenbelt . | Inside . |
| . | . | and fixed effects . | in 1973 . | border < 2 km . | border < 1 km . | greenbelt areas . |
| Share greenbelt land | −0.4661*** | −0.6535*** | −1.1719*** | −1.0024*** | −0.9721*** | −1.0046*** |
| (0.0159) | (0.0142) | (0.0255) | (0.0177) | (0.0185) | (0.0349) | |
| Area size of postcode (log) | 0.0486*** | 0.1105*** | 0.2726*** | 0.2271*** | 0.2265*** | 0.1723*** |
| (0.0034) | (0.0026) | (0.0070) | (0.0046) | (0.0050) | (0.0096) | |
| Distance to the city centre | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Distance to the border | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Local authority fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Number of observations | 1,309,635 | 1,309,635 | 250,671 | 392,526 | 255,860 | 33,923 |
| Bandwidth (km) | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudo-|$R^2$| | 0.0123 | 0.0764 | 0.146 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.167 |
| (Dependent variable: the number of dwellings in a postcode) . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | (1) . | (2) . | (3) . | (4) . | (5) . | (6) . |
| . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . | Poisson . |
| . | . | |$+$| Controls . | Greenbelts . | Greenbelt . | Greenbelt . | Inside . |
| . | . | and fixed effects . | in 1973 . | border < 2 km . | border < 1 km . | greenbelt areas . |
| Share greenbelt land | −0.4661*** | −0.6535*** | −1.1719*** | −1.0024*** | −0.9721*** | −1.0046*** |
| (0.0159) | (0.0142) | (0.0255) | (0.0177) | (0.0185) | (0.0349) | |
| Area size of postcode (log) | 0.0486*** | 0.1105*** | 0.2726*** | 0.2271*** | 0.2265*** | 0.1723*** |
| (0.0034) | (0.0026) | (0.0070) | (0.0046) | (0.0050) | (0.0096) | |
| Distance to the city centre | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Distance to the border | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Local authority fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Number of observations | 1,309,635 | 1,309,635 | 250,671 | 392,526 | 255,860 | 33,923 |
| Bandwidth (km) | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | |$\infty$| | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudo-|$R^2$| | 0.0123 | 0.0764 | 0.146 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.167 |
Notes: Distance to the city centre refers to a linear, squared and cubic term of distance to the nearest city centre. Distance to the border refers to a linear and squared term of distance to the nearest greenbelt border on either side of the greenbelt border. Column (3) includes observations in areas that are in greenbelts that were approved or considered in 1973. In columns (4) I include transactions that are within 2 km of a greenbelt border, which is reduced to 1 km in columns (5) and (6). In column (6) I only include postcodes in greenbelt areas. SEs are clustered at the MSOA level and in parentheses. *** |$p\lt 0.01$|.
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