Table 4. Open in new tab Estimates and...

Models	Behavioral choice^a	Encamped^b	Movement^b
Open	0.21	0.13	0.28	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.12	0.07	0.17
Lichen	0.34	0.27	0.41	0.42	0.38	0.45	0.18	0.14	0.22
Forest	0.03	−0.03	0.09	−0.25	−0.29	−0.21	−0.16	−0.21	−0.11
Temperature	0.08	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.75	1.05	1.32	1.10	1.55
Snow water equivalent	0.64	0.61	0.68	−0.04	−0.07	−0.01	0.18	0.06	0.29
Precipitation	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.47	−0.53	−0.41	0.10	0.01	0.20
Open × Temperature	0.35	0.25	0.44	0.28	0.24	0.32	0.15	0.10	0.20
Open × Snow water equivalent	−0.01	−0.07	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.07	0.03	0.11
Open × Precipitation	0.10	0.03	0.17	0.02	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
Lichen × Temperature	0.16	0.07	0.25	−0.12	−0.15	−0.08	−0.12	−0.16	−0.08
Lichen × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.13	−0.02	0.07	0.04	0.09	−0.01	−0.05	0.02
Lichen × Precipitation	0.09	0.03	0.16	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.03	−0.06	0.01
Forest × Temperature	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.44	0.40	0.48	0.23	0.18	0.28
Forest × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.12	−0.03	−0.03	−0.05	0	0.01	−0.03	0.05
Forest × Precipitation	0.06	0.00	0.12	−0.02	−0.06	0.02	−0.05	−0.10	−0.01

Models

Behavioral choice^a

Encamped^b

Movement^b

Estimates

CI (95%)

Estimates

CI (95%)

Estimates

CI (95%)

Low

High

Low

High

Low

High

Open

0.21

0.13

0.28

0.27

0.23

0.31

0.12

0.07

0.17

Lichen

0.34

0.27

0.41

0.42

0.38

0.45

0.18

0.14

0.22

Forest

0.03

−0.03

0.09

−0.25

−0.29

−0.21

−0.16

−0.21

−0.11

Temperature

0.08

0.05

0.11

0.90

0.75

1.05

1.32

1.10

1.55

Snow water equivalent

0.64

0.61

0.68

−0.04

−0.07

−0.01

0.18

0.06

0.29

Precipitation

0.01

−0.02

0.04

−0.47

−0.53

−0.41

0.10

0.01

0.20

Open × Temperature

0.35

0.25

0.44

0.28

0.24

0.32

0.15

0.10

0.20

Open × Snow water equivalent

−0.01

−0.07

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.08

0.07

0.03

0.11

Open × Precipitation

0.10

0.03

0.17

0.02

−0.02

0.06

−0.03

−0.08

0.01

Lichen × Temperature

0.16

0.07

0.25

−0.12

−0.15

−0.08

−0.12

−0.16

−0.08

Lichen × Snow water equivalent

−0.08

−0.13

−0.02

0.07

0.04

0.09

−0.01

−0.05

0.02

Lichen × Precipitation

0.09

0.03

0.16

0.01

−0.02

0.04

−0.03

−0.06

0.01

Forest × Temperature

0.34

0.27

0.42

0.44

0.40

0.48

0.23

0.18

0.28

Forest × Snow water equivalent

−0.08

−0.12

−0.03

−0.03

−0.05

0.01

−0.03

0.05

Forest × Precipitation

0.06

0.00

0.12

−0.02

−0.06

0.02

−0.05

−0.10

−0.01

Models	Behavioral choice^a	Encamped^b	Movement^b
Open	0.21	0.13	0.28	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.12	0.07	0.17
Lichen	0.34	0.27	0.41	0.42	0.38	0.45	0.18	0.14	0.22
Forest	0.03	−0.03	0.09	−0.25	−0.29	−0.21	−0.16	−0.21	−0.11
Temperature	0.08	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.75	1.05	1.32	1.10	1.55
Snow water equivalent	0.64	0.61	0.68	−0.04	−0.07	−0.01	0.18	0.06	0.29
Precipitation	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.47	−0.53	−0.41	0.10	0.01	0.20
Open × Temperature	0.35	0.25	0.44	0.28	0.24	0.32	0.15	0.10	0.20
Open × Snow water equivalent	−0.01	−0.07	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.07	0.03	0.11
Open × Precipitation	0.10	0.03	0.17	0.02	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
Lichen × Temperature	0.16	0.07	0.25	−0.12	−0.15	−0.08	−0.12	−0.16	−0.08
Lichen × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.13	−0.02	0.07	0.04	0.09	−0.01	−0.05	0.02
Lichen × Precipitation	0.09	0.03	0.16	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.03	−0.06	0.01
Forest × Temperature	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.44	0.40	0.48	0.23	0.18	0.28
Forest × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.12	−0.03	−0.03	−0.05	0	0.01	−0.03	0.05
Forest × Precipitation	0.06	0.00	0.12	−0.02	−0.06	0.02	−0.05	−0.10	−0.01

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Estimates and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the best-supported model to assess fine-scale movement and habitat selection under weather conditions during spring migration of Woodland Caribou in Newfoundland, Canada, between 2010 and 2013. Numbers in bold represent effects with P < 0.05. Interactions between variables are represented by the symbol ×.

Models	Behavioral choice^a			Encamped^b			Movement^b
	Estimates	CI (95%)		Estimates	CI (95%)		Estimates	CI (95%)
		Low	High		Low	High		Low	High
Open	0.21	0.13	0.28	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.12	0.07	0.17
Lichen	0.34	0.27	0.41	0.42	0.38	0.45	0.18	0.14	0.22
Forest	0.03	−0.03	0.09	−0.25	−0.29	−0.21	−0.16	−0.21	−0.11
Temperature	0.08	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.75	1.05	1.32	1.10	1.55
Snow water equivalent	0.64	0.61	0.68	−0.04	−0.07	−0.01	0.18	0.06	0.29
Precipitation	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.47	−0.53	−0.41	0.10	0.01	0.20
Open × Temperature	0.35	0.25	0.44	0.28	0.24	0.32	0.15	0.10	0.20
Open × Snow water equivalent	−0.01	−0.07	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.07	0.03	0.11
Open × Precipitation	0.10	0.03	0.17	0.02	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
Lichen × Temperature	0.16	0.07	0.25	−0.12	−0.15	−0.08	−0.12	−0.16	−0.08
Lichen × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.13	−0.02	0.07	0.04	0.09	−0.01	−0.05	0.02
Lichen × Precipitation	0.09	0.03	0.16	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.03	−0.06	0.01
Forest × Temperature	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.44	0.40	0.48	0.23	0.18	0.28
Forest × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.12	−0.03	−0.03	−0.05	0	0.01	−0.03	0.05
Forest × Precipitation	0.06	0.00	0.12	−0.02	−0.06	0.02	−0.05	−0.10	−0.01

Models	Behavioral choice^a			Encamped^b			Movement^b
	Estimates	CI (95%)		Estimates	CI (95%)		Estimates	CI (95%)
		Low	High		Low	High		Low	High
Open	0.21	0.13	0.28	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.12	0.07	0.17
Lichen	0.34	0.27	0.41	0.42	0.38	0.45	0.18	0.14	0.22
Forest	0.03	−0.03	0.09	−0.25	−0.29	−0.21	−0.16	−0.21	−0.11
Temperature	0.08	0.05	0.11	0.90	0.75	1.05	1.32	1.10	1.55
Snow water equivalent	0.64	0.61	0.68	−0.04	−0.07	−0.01	0.18	0.06	0.29
Precipitation	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.47	−0.53	−0.41	0.10	0.01	0.20
Open × Temperature	0.35	0.25	0.44	0.28	0.24	0.32	0.15	0.10	0.20
Open × Snow water equivalent	−0.01	−0.07	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.07	0.03	0.11
Open × Precipitation	0.10	0.03	0.17	0.02	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	−0.08	0.01
Lichen × Temperature	0.16	0.07	0.25	−0.12	−0.15	−0.08	−0.12	−0.16	−0.08
Lichen × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.13	−0.02	0.07	0.04	0.09	−0.01	−0.05	0.02
Lichen × Precipitation	0.09	0.03	0.16	0.01	−0.02	0.04	−0.03	−0.06	0.01
Forest × Temperature	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.44	0.40	0.48	0.23	0.18	0.28
Forest × Snow water equivalent	−0.08	−0.12	−0.03	−0.03	−0.05	0	0.01	−0.03	0.05
Forest × Precipitation	0.06	0.00	0.12	−0.02	−0.06	0.02	−0.05	−0.10	−0.01

^aGeneralized linear mixed model to assess the probability to be in stopover or in movement under static (habitat) and dynamic (weather) conditions.

^bMixed conditional logistic regression model to assess the resource selection under static (habitat) and dynamic (weather) conditions.

Models are evaluated for each behavioral state.

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