Table 1. Open in new tab Descriptive...

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y	11	15	24
Anthropometry
Age at clinic visit, y	11.70 (0.20)	11.71 (0.21)	.738	15.38 (0.22)	15.39 (0.24)	.634	24.57 (0.79)	24.45 (0.77)	.033
Height, m	1.51 (0.07)	1.52 (0.07)	.139	1.75 (0.07)	1.65 (0.06)	<.0001	1.80 (0.07)	1.67 (0.06)	<.0001
Weight^a, kg	41.20 (11.9)	42.0 (12.0)	.208	63.0 (13.1)	56.80 (10.9)	<.0001	79.30 (17.32)	64.15 (16.55)	<.0001
Ethnicity, White (n, %)	303 (96.2)	410 (97.9)	.188	NA			NA
Body composition
Total fat mass^a, kg	8.41 (8.40)	10.76 (7.52)	<.0001	8.59 (7.51)	16.80 (8.79)	<.0001	18.53 (11.60)	21.16 (11.12)	<.0001
Lean mass^a, kg	29.86 (5.29)	28.69 (6.39)	<.0001	50.0 (8.59)	36.89 (4.81)	<.0001	56.90 (10.99)	40.93 (6.34)	<.0001
Body mass index^a	18.07 (4.27)	18.15 (3.95)	.579	20.31 (3.73)	20.83 (4.08)	.009	24.38 (5.10)	23.09 (5.57)	<.0001
Vascular measures
Heart rate, beat/min	74 (11)	78 (11)	<.0001	72 (12)	77 (11)	<.0001	65 (11)	68 (9)	<.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	105 (9)	105 (10)	.891	127 (10)	120 (10)	<.0001	123 (10)	111 (9)	<.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	58 (6)	58 (6)	.919	68 (8)	66 (9)	.012	67 (8)	66 (8)	.009
Lifestyle factors
Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)	<5 (0.3)	8 (1.8)	.086	24 (7.3)	55 (12.2)	.030	82 (24.6)	105 (23.2)	.672
Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)	94 (31.6)	118 (28.1)	.319	NA			NA
Sedentary time, min/d	364 (66)	366 (70)	.807	464 (85)	486 (78)	.001	524 (75)	531 (92)	.615
Light physical activity, min/d	364 (55)	368 (56)	.317	290 (65)	271 (64)	<.0001	143 (46)	152 (54)	.246
MVPA, min/d	66 (41)	47 (20)	<.0001	56 (31)	39 (21)	<.0001	62 (39)	46 (26)	.001
Maternal social economic status (n, %)			.230	NA			NA
Professional	17 (9.9)	13 (6.0)
Managerial and technical	74 (43)	83 (38.4)
Skilled nonmanual	49 (28.5)	76 (35.2)
Skilled manual	<8 (1.2)	<8 (2.3)
Partly skilled	25 (14.5)	31 (14.4)
Unskilled	<8 (2.9)	8 (3.7)
Fasting plasma metabolic indices	15 y	17 y	24 y
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.57 (0.60)	3.90 (0.62)	<.0001	3.58 (0.60)	3.91 (0.69)	<.0001	4.36 (0.82)	4.49 (0.83)	.028
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	1.21 (0.27)	1.35 (0.28)	<.0001	1.18 (0.27)	1.33 (0.32)	<.0001	1.39 (0.35)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	2.00 (0.54)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001	2.02 (0.56)	2.16 (0.54)	<.0001	2.49 (0.76)	2.43 (0.75)	.310
Triglycerides^a, mmol/L	0.73 (0.34)	0.75 (0.40)	.106	0.76 (0.36)	0.73 (0.36)	.489	0.88 (0.56)	0.79 (0.42)	<.0001
Glucose, mmol/L	5.30 (0.36)	5.14 (0.34)	<.0001	5.14 (0.36)	4.90 (0.33)	<.0001	5.49 (1.03)	5.21 (0.52)	<.0001
Insulin^a, mU/L	8.09 (4.78)	9.74 (5.54)	<.0001	5.80 (4.31)	7.51 (4.14)	<.0001	7.38 (5.32)	7.68 (5.93)	.413
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L	0.34 (0.60)	0.34 (0.59)	.240	0.45 (0.59)	0.60 (1.30)	.005	0.64 (1.41)	1.00 (1.95)	<.0001

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y

Variables

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Mean (SD)

Anthropometry

Age at clinic visit, y

11.70 (0.20)

11.71 (0.21)

.738

15.38 (0.22)

15.39 (0.24)

.634

24.57 (0.79)

24.45 (0.77)

.033

Height, m

1.51 (0.07)

1.52 (0.07)

.139

1.75 (0.07)

1.65 (0.06)

<.0001

1.80 (0.07)

1.67 (0.06)

<.0001

Weight^a, kg

41.20 (11.9)

42.0 (12.0)

.208

63.0 (13.1)

56.80 (10.9)

<.0001

79.30 (17.32)

64.15 (16.55)

<.0001

Ethnicity, White (n, %)

303 (96.2)

410 (97.9)

.188

Body composition

Total fat mass^a, kg

8.41 (8.40)

10.76 (7.52)

<.0001

8.59 (7.51)

16.80 (8.79)

<.0001

18.53 (11.60)

21.16 (11.12)

<.0001

Lean mass^a, kg

29.86 (5.29)

28.69 (6.39)

<.0001

50.0 (8.59)

36.89 (4.81)

<.0001

56.90 (10.99)

40.93 (6.34)

<.0001

Body mass index^a

18.07 (4.27)

18.15 (3.95)

.579

20.31 (3.73)

20.83 (4.08)

.009

24.38 (5.10)

23.09 (5.57)

<.0001

Vascular measures

Heart rate, beat/min

74 (11)

78 (11)

<.0001

72 (12)

77 (11)

<.0001

65 (11)

68 (9)

<.0001

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

105 (9)

105 (10)

.891

127 (10)

120 (10)

<.0001

123 (10)

111 (9)

<.0001

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

58 (6)

.919

68 (8)

66 (9)

.012

67 (8)

66 (8)

.009

Lifestyle factors

Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)

<5 (0.3)

8 (1.8)

.086

24 (7.3)

55 (12.2)

.030

82 (24.6)

105 (23.2)

.672

Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)

94 (31.6)

118 (28.1)

.319

Sedentary time, min/d

364 (66)

366 (70)

.807

464 (85)

486 (78)

.001

524 (75)

531 (92)

.615

Light physical activity, min/d

364 (55)

368 (56)

.317

290 (65)

271 (64)

<.0001

143 (46)

152 (54)

.246

MVPA, min/d

66 (41)

47 (20)

<.0001

56 (31)

39 (21)

<.0001

62 (39)

46 (26)

.001

Maternal social economic status (n, %)

.230

Professional

17 (9.9)

13 (6.0)

Managerial and technical

74 (43)

83 (38.4)

Skilled nonmanual

49 (28.5)

76 (35.2)

Skilled manual

<8 (1.2)

<8 (2.3)

Partly skilled

25 (14.5)

31 (14.4)

Unskilled

<8 (2.9)

8 (3.7)

Fasting plasma metabolic indices

15 y

17 y

24 y

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.57 (0.60)

3.90 (0.62)

<.0001

3.58 (0.60)

3.91 (0.69)

<.0001

4.36 (0.82)

4.49 (0.83)

.028

High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

1.21 (0.27)

1.35 (0.28)

<.0001

1.18 (0.27)

1.33 (0.32)

<.0001

1.39 (0.35)

1.65 (0.41)

<.0001

Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

2.00 (0.54)

1.65 (0.41)

<.0001

2.02 (0.56)

2.16 (0.54)

<.0001

2.49 (0.76)

2.43 (0.75)

.310

Triglycerides^a, mmol/L

0.73 (0.34)

0.75 (0.40)

.106

0.76 (0.36)

0.73 (0.36)

.489

0.88 (0.56)

0.79 (0.42)

<.0001

Glucose, mmol/L

5.30 (0.36)

5.14 (0.34)

<.0001

5.14 (0.36)

4.90 (0.33)

<.0001

5.49 (1.03)

5.21 (0.52)

<.0001

Insulin^a, mU/L

8.09 (4.78)

9.74 (5.54)

<.0001

5.80 (4.31)

7.51 (4.14)

<.0001

7.38 (5.32)

7.68 (5.93)

.413

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L

0.34 (0.60)

0.34 (0.59)

.240

0.45 (0.59)

0.60 (1.30)

.005

0.64 (1.41)

1.00 (1.95)

<.0001

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y	11	15	24
Anthropometry
Age at clinic visit, y	11.70 (0.20)	11.71 (0.21)	.738	15.38 (0.22)	15.39 (0.24)	.634	24.57 (0.79)	24.45 (0.77)	.033
Height, m	1.51 (0.07)	1.52 (0.07)	.139	1.75 (0.07)	1.65 (0.06)	<.0001	1.80 (0.07)	1.67 (0.06)	<.0001
Weight^a, kg	41.20 (11.9)	42.0 (12.0)	.208	63.0 (13.1)	56.80 (10.9)	<.0001	79.30 (17.32)	64.15 (16.55)	<.0001
Ethnicity, White (n, %)	303 (96.2)	410 (97.9)	.188	NA			NA
Body composition
Total fat mass^a, kg	8.41 (8.40)	10.76 (7.52)	<.0001	8.59 (7.51)	16.80 (8.79)	<.0001	18.53 (11.60)	21.16 (11.12)	<.0001
Lean mass^a, kg	29.86 (5.29)	28.69 (6.39)	<.0001	50.0 (8.59)	36.89 (4.81)	<.0001	56.90 (10.99)	40.93 (6.34)	<.0001
Body mass index^a	18.07 (4.27)	18.15 (3.95)	.579	20.31 (3.73)	20.83 (4.08)	.009	24.38 (5.10)	23.09 (5.57)	<.0001
Vascular measures
Heart rate, beat/min	74 (11)	78 (11)	<.0001	72 (12)	77 (11)	<.0001	65 (11)	68 (9)	<.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	105 (9)	105 (10)	.891	127 (10)	120 (10)	<.0001	123 (10)	111 (9)	<.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	58 (6)	58 (6)	.919	68 (8)	66 (9)	.012	67 (8)	66 (8)	.009
Lifestyle factors
Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)	<5 (0.3)	8 (1.8)	.086	24 (7.3)	55 (12.2)	.030	82 (24.6)	105 (23.2)	.672
Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)	94 (31.6)	118 (28.1)	.319	NA			NA
Sedentary time, min/d	364 (66)	366 (70)	.807	464 (85)	486 (78)	.001	524 (75)	531 (92)	.615
Light physical activity, min/d	364 (55)	368 (56)	.317	290 (65)	271 (64)	<.0001	143 (46)	152 (54)	.246
MVPA, min/d	66 (41)	47 (20)	<.0001	56 (31)	39 (21)	<.0001	62 (39)	46 (26)	.001
Maternal social economic status (n, %)			.230	NA			NA
Professional	17 (9.9)	13 (6.0)
Managerial and technical	74 (43)	83 (38.4)
Skilled nonmanual	49 (28.5)	76 (35.2)
Skilled manual	<8 (1.2)	<8 (2.3)
Partly skilled	25 (14.5)	31 (14.4)
Unskilled	<8 (2.9)	8 (3.7)
Fasting plasma metabolic indices	15 y	17 y	24 y
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.57 (0.60)	3.90 (0.62)	<.0001	3.58 (0.60)	3.91 (0.69)	<.0001	4.36 (0.82)	4.49 (0.83)	.028
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	1.21 (0.27)	1.35 (0.28)	<.0001	1.18 (0.27)	1.33 (0.32)	<.0001	1.39 (0.35)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	2.00 (0.54)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001	2.02 (0.56)	2.16 (0.54)	<.0001	2.49 (0.76)	2.43 (0.75)	.310
Triglycerides^a, mmol/L	0.73 (0.34)	0.75 (0.40)	.106	0.76 (0.36)	0.73 (0.36)	.489	0.88 (0.56)	0.79 (0.42)	<.0001
Glucose, mmol/L	5.30 (0.36)	5.14 (0.34)	<.0001	5.14 (0.36)	4.90 (0.33)	<.0001	5.49 (1.03)	5.21 (0.52)	<.0001
Insulin^a, mU/L	8.09 (4.78)	9.74 (5.54)	<.0001	5.80 (4.31)	7.51 (4.14)	<.0001	7.38 (5.32)	7.68 (5.93)	.413
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L	0.34 (0.60)	0.34 (0.59)	.240	0.45 (0.59)	0.60 (1.30)	.005	0.64 (1.41)	1.00 (1.95)	<.0001

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y

Variables

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Male (n = 337)

Female (n = 455)

Mean (SD)

Anthropometry

Age at clinic visit, y

11.70 (0.20)

11.71 (0.21)

.738

15.38 (0.22)

15.39 (0.24)

.634

24.57 (0.79)

24.45 (0.77)

.033

Height, m

1.51 (0.07)

1.52 (0.07)

.139

1.75 (0.07)

1.65 (0.06)

<.0001

1.80 (0.07)

1.67 (0.06)

<.0001

Weight^a, kg

41.20 (11.9)

42.0 (12.0)

.208

63.0 (13.1)

56.80 (10.9)

<.0001

79.30 (17.32)

64.15 (16.55)

<.0001

Ethnicity, White (n, %)

303 (96.2)

410 (97.9)

.188

Body composition

Total fat mass^a, kg

8.41 (8.40)

10.76 (7.52)

<.0001

8.59 (7.51)

16.80 (8.79)

<.0001

18.53 (11.60)

21.16 (11.12)

<.0001

Lean mass^a, kg

29.86 (5.29)

28.69 (6.39)

<.0001

50.0 (8.59)

36.89 (4.81)

<.0001

56.90 (10.99)

40.93 (6.34)

<.0001

Body mass index^a

18.07 (4.27)

18.15 (3.95)

.579

20.31 (3.73)

20.83 (4.08)

.009

24.38 (5.10)

23.09 (5.57)

<.0001

Vascular measures

Heart rate, beat/min

74 (11)

78 (11)

<.0001

72 (12)

77 (11)

<.0001

65 (11)

68 (9)

<.0001

Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

105 (9)

105 (10)

.891

127 (10)

120 (10)

<.0001

123 (10)

111 (9)

<.0001

Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg

58 (6)

.919

68 (8)

66 (9)

.012

67 (8)

66 (8)

.009

Lifestyle factors

Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)

<5 (0.3)

8 (1.8)

.086

24 (7.3)

55 (12.2)

.030

82 (24.6)

105 (23.2)

.672

Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)

94 (31.6)

118 (28.1)

.319

Sedentary time, min/d

364 (66)

366 (70)

.807

464 (85)

486 (78)

.001

524 (75)

531 (92)

.615

Light physical activity, min/d

364 (55)

368 (56)

.317

290 (65)

271 (64)

<.0001

143 (46)

152 (54)

.246

MVPA, min/d

66 (41)

47 (20)

<.0001

56 (31)

39 (21)

<.0001

62 (39)

46 (26)

.001

Maternal social economic status (n, %)

.230

Professional

17 (9.9)

13 (6.0)

Managerial and technical

74 (43)

83 (38.4)

Skilled nonmanual

49 (28.5)

76 (35.2)

Skilled manual

<8 (1.2)

<8 (2.3)

Partly skilled

25 (14.5)

31 (14.4)

Unskilled

<8 (2.9)

8 (3.7)

Fasting plasma metabolic indices

15 y

17 y

24 y

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.57 (0.60)

3.90 (0.62)

<.0001

3.58 (0.60)

3.91 (0.69)

<.0001

4.36 (0.82)

4.49 (0.83)

.028

High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

1.21 (0.27)

1.35 (0.28)

<.0001

1.18 (0.27)

1.33 (0.32)

<.0001

1.39 (0.35)

1.65 (0.41)

<.0001

Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

2.00 (0.54)

1.65 (0.41)

<.0001

2.02 (0.56)

2.16 (0.54)

<.0001

2.49 (0.76)

2.43 (0.75)

.310

Triglycerides^a, mmol/L

0.73 (0.34)

0.75 (0.40)

.106

0.76 (0.36)

0.73 (0.36)

.489

0.88 (0.56)

0.79 (0.42)

<.0001

Glucose, mmol/L

5.30 (0.36)

5.14 (0.34)

<.0001

5.14 (0.36)

4.90 (0.33)

<.0001

5.49 (1.03)

5.21 (0.52)

<.0001

Insulin^a, mU/L

8.09 (4.78)

9.74 (5.54)

<.0001

5.80 (4.31)

7.51 (4.14)

<.0001

7.38 (5.32)

7.68 (5.93)

.413

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L

0.34 (0.60)

0.34 (0.59)

.240

0.45 (0.59)

0.60 (1.30)

.005

0.64 (1.41)

1.00 (1.95)

<.0001

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Descriptive characteristics of cohort participants

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y	11			15			24
Variables	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Anthropometry
Age at clinic visit, y	11.70 (0.20)	11.71 (0.21)	.738	15.38 (0.22)	15.39 (0.24)	.634	24.57 (0.79)	24.45 (0.77)	.033
Height, m	1.51 (0.07)	1.52 (0.07)	.139	1.75 (0.07)	1.65 (0.06)	<.0001	1.80 (0.07)	1.67 (0.06)	<.0001
Weight^a, kg	41.20 (11.9)	42.0 (12.0)	.208	63.0 (13.1)	56.80 (10.9)	<.0001	79.30 (17.32)	64.15 (16.55)	<.0001
Ethnicity, White (n, %)	303 (96.2)	410 (97.9)	.188	NA			NA
Body composition
Total fat mass^a, kg	8.41 (8.40)	10.76 (7.52)	<.0001	8.59 (7.51)	16.80 (8.79)	<.0001	18.53 (11.60)	21.16 (11.12)	<.0001
Lean mass^a, kg	29.86 (5.29)	28.69 (6.39)	<.0001	50.0 (8.59)	36.89 (4.81)	<.0001	56.90 (10.99)	40.93 (6.34)	<.0001
Body mass index^a	18.07 (4.27)	18.15 (3.95)	.579	20.31 (3.73)	20.83 (4.08)	.009	24.38 (5.10)	23.09 (5.57)	<.0001
Vascular measures
Heart rate, beat/min	74 (11)	78 (11)	<.0001	72 (12)	77 (11)	<.0001	65 (11)	68 (9)	<.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	105 (9)	105 (10)	.891	127 (10)	120 (10)	<.0001	123 (10)	111 (9)	<.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	58 (6)	58 (6)	.919	68 (8)	66 (9)	.012	67 (8)	66 (8)	.009
Lifestyle factors
Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)	<5 (0.3)	8 (1.8)	.086	24 (7.3)	55 (12.2)	.030	82 (24.6)	105 (23.2)	.672
Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)	94 (31.6)	118 (28.1)	.319	NA			NA
Sedentary time, min/d	364 (66)	366 (70)	.807	464 (85)	486 (78)	.001	524 (75)	531 (92)	.615
Light physical activity, min/d	364 (55)	368 (56)	.317	290 (65)	271 (64)	<.0001	143 (46)	152 (54)	.246
MVPA, min/d	66 (41)	47 (20)	<.0001	56 (31)	39 (21)	<.0001	62 (39)	46 (26)	.001
Maternal social economic status (n, %)			.230	NA			NA
Professional	17 (9.9)	13 (6.0)
Managerial and technical	74 (43)	83 (38.4)
Skilled nonmanual	49 (28.5)	76 (35.2)
Skilled manual	<8 (1.2)	<8 (2.3)
Partly skilled	25 (14.5)	31 (14.4)
Unskilled	<8 (2.9)	8 (3.7)
Fasting plasma metabolic indices	15 y			17 y			24 y
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.57 (0.60)	3.90 (0.62)	<.0001	3.58 (0.60)	3.91 (0.69)	<.0001	4.36 (0.82)	4.49 (0.83)	.028
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	1.21 (0.27)	1.35 (0.28)	<.0001	1.18 (0.27)	1.33 (0.32)	<.0001	1.39 (0.35)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	2.00 (0.54)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001	2.02 (0.56)	2.16 (0.54)	<.0001	2.49 (0.76)	2.43 (0.75)	.310
Triglycerides^a, mmol/L	0.73 (0.34)	0.75 (0.40)	.106	0.76 (0.36)	0.73 (0.36)	.489	0.88 (0.56)	0.79 (0.42)	<.0001
Glucose, mmol/L	5.30 (0.36)	5.14 (0.34)	<.0001	5.14 (0.36)	4.90 (0.33)	<.0001	5.49 (1.03)	5.21 (0.52)	<.0001
Insulin^a, mU/L	8.09 (4.78)	9.74 (5.54)	<.0001	5.80 (4.31)	7.51 (4.14)	<.0001	7.38 (5.32)	7.68 (5.93)	.413
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L	0.34 (0.60)	0.34 (0.59)	.240	0.45 (0.59)	0.60 (1.30)	.005	0.64 (1.41)	1.00 (1.95)	<.0001

Age at clinic visits/follow-up, y	11			15			24
Variables	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P	Male (n = 337)	Female (n = 455)	P
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)		Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Anthropometry
Age at clinic visit, y	11.70 (0.20)	11.71 (0.21)	.738	15.38 (0.22)	15.39 (0.24)	.634	24.57 (0.79)	24.45 (0.77)	.033
Height, m	1.51 (0.07)	1.52 (0.07)	.139	1.75 (0.07)	1.65 (0.06)	<.0001	1.80 (0.07)	1.67 (0.06)	<.0001
Weight^a, kg	41.20 (11.9)	42.0 (12.0)	.208	63.0 (13.1)	56.80 (10.9)	<.0001	79.30 (17.32)	64.15 (16.55)	<.0001
Ethnicity, White (n, %)	303 (96.2)	410 (97.9)	.188	NA			NA
Body composition
Total fat mass^a, kg	8.41 (8.40)	10.76 (7.52)	<.0001	8.59 (7.51)	16.80 (8.79)	<.0001	18.53 (11.60)	21.16 (11.12)	<.0001
Lean mass^a, kg	29.86 (5.29)	28.69 (6.39)	<.0001	50.0 (8.59)	36.89 (4.81)	<.0001	56.90 (10.99)	40.93 (6.34)	<.0001
Body mass index^a	18.07 (4.27)	18.15 (3.95)	.579	20.31 (3.73)	20.83 (4.08)	.009	24.38 (5.10)	23.09 (5.57)	<.0001
Vascular measures
Heart rate, beat/min	74 (11)	78 (11)	<.0001	72 (12)	77 (11)	<.0001	65 (11)	68 (9)	<.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	105 (9)	105 (10)	.891	127 (10)	120 (10)	<.0001	123 (10)	111 (9)	<.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	58 (6)	58 (6)	.919	68 (8)	66 (9)	.012	67 (8)	66 (8)	.009
Lifestyle factors
Smoked in the last 30 d (n, %)	<5 (0.3)	8 (1.8)	.086	24 (7.3)	55 (12.2)	.030	82 (24.6)	105 (23.2)	.672
Family history of H-D-C-V (n, %)	94 (31.6)	118 (28.1)	.319	NA			NA
Sedentary time, min/d	364 (66)	366 (70)	.807	464 (85)	486 (78)	.001	524 (75)	531 (92)	.615
Light physical activity, min/d	364 (55)	368 (56)	.317	290 (65)	271 (64)	<.0001	143 (46)	152 (54)	.246
MVPA, min/d	66 (41)	47 (20)	<.0001	56 (31)	39 (21)	<.0001	62 (39)	46 (26)	.001
Maternal social economic status (n, %)			.230	NA			NA
Professional	17 (9.9)	13 (6.0)
Managerial and technical	74 (43)	83 (38.4)
Skilled nonmanual	49 (28.5)	76 (35.2)
Skilled manual	<8 (1.2)	<8 (2.3)
Partly skilled	25 (14.5)	31 (14.4)
Unskilled	<8 (2.9)	8 (3.7)
Fasting plasma metabolic indices	15 y			17 y			24 y
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.57 (0.60)	3.90 (0.62)	<.0001	3.58 (0.60)	3.91 (0.69)	<.0001	4.36 (0.82)	4.49 (0.83)	.028
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	1.21 (0.27)	1.35 (0.28)	<.0001	1.18 (0.27)	1.33 (0.32)	<.0001	1.39 (0.35)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L	2.00 (0.54)	1.65 (0.41)	<.0001	2.02 (0.56)	2.16 (0.54)	<.0001	2.49 (0.76)	2.43 (0.75)	.310
Triglycerides^a, mmol/L	0.73 (0.34)	0.75 (0.40)	.106	0.76 (0.36)	0.73 (0.36)	.489	0.88 (0.56)	0.79 (0.42)	<.0001
Glucose, mmol/L	5.30 (0.36)	5.14 (0.34)	<.0001	5.14 (0.36)	4.90 (0.33)	<.0001	5.49 (1.03)	5.21 (0.52)	<.0001
Insulin^a, mU/L	8.09 (4.78)	9.74 (5.54)	<.0001	5.80 (4.31)	7.51 (4.14)	<.0001	7.38 (5.32)	7.68 (5.93)	.413
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein^a, mg/L	0.34 (0.60)	0.34 (0.59)	.240	0.45 (0.59)	0.60 (1.30)	.005	0.64 (1.41)	1.00 (1.95)	<.0001

Values are means (SDs) and ^amedian (interquartile range) except for lifestyle factors and ethnicity. Differences between sexes were tested using t test for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test for skewed continuous variables, chi-square test for dichotomous variables, and analysis of covariance for the multicategory variable. A 2-sided P value less than .05 is considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: H-D-C-V, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and vascular disease; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; NA, not available/applicable; P value for sex differences.

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