General Characteristics of Older Patients With Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis According to Surgical Status in the MoISE: 2013–2020
| Characteristic . | All Patients (N = 163) . | Surgical Indication . | P Valueb . | No Surgical Indication (n = 58)a . | P Valuec . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated On (n = 38)a . | Not Operated On (n = 67)a . | |||||
| Median age (IQR), y | 84 (82–86) | 83 (81–84) | 84 (82–87) | .01 | 85 (82–87) | .04 |
| Men | 96 (59) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | .004 | 36 (62) | .5 |
| Charlson comorbidity index unadjusted for age | .04 | .3 | ||||
| 0 | 17 (10) | 5 (13) | 5 (7.5) | 7 (12) | ||
| 1–2 | 65 (40) | 19 (50) | 19 (28) | 27 (47) | ||
| 3–4 | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 27 (40) | 13 (22) | ||
| ≥5 | 30 (18) | 3 (7.9) | 16 (24) | 11 (19) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (22) | 8 (21) | 15 (22) | 1 | 13 (22) | 1 |
| Neoplasia | .2 | .4 | ||||
| Known cancer | 30 (18) | 11 (29) | 12 (18) | 7 (12) | ||
| Cancer diagnosed with IE | 8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | ||
| Median albumin (IQR),d g/L | 26 (23–30) | 26 (24–28) | 25 (21–28) | .2 | 27 (24–31) | .05 |
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR),d mg/L | 118 (49–179) | 110 (56–161) | 108 (55–169) | .9 | 123 (43–190) | .9 |
| Wore a cardiac implanted electronic device | 41 (25) | 9 (24) | 12 (18) | .6 | 20 (34) | .04 |
| History of IE | 9 (5.5) | 4 (11) | 2 (3.0) | .2 | 3 (5.2) | .9 |
| Definite IEe | 136 (83) | 36 (95) | 54 (81) | .08 | 46 (79) | .3 |
| Healthcare-associatedf | 69 (42) | 15 (39) | 31 (46) | .5 | 23 (40) | .6 |
| Prosthetic valve | 74 (45) | 18 (47) | 25 (37) | .4 | 31 (53) | .13 |
| Valvular localization | .01 | .2 | ||||
| Aortic | 98 (60) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | 38 (66) | ||
| Mitral | 51 (31) | 7 (18) | 26 (39) | 18 (31) | ||
| Multivalvular | 14 (8.6) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (15) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Type of lesion | ||||||
| Vegetation | 108 (66) | 29 (76) | 44 (66) | .3 | 35 (60) | .002 |
| Abscess | 38 (23) | 13 (34) | 22 (33) | .9 | 3 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Median vegetation size (IQR), mm | 10 (7–15) | 14 (10–15) | 15 (10–18) | .5 | 7 (5–8) | <.001 |
| Transesophageal echocardiography performed | 125 (77) | 36 (95) | 46 (69) | .001 | 43 (74) | .6 |
| Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed | 65 (40) | 9 (24) | 19 (28) | .7 | 37 (64) | <.001 |
| Positive blood culture | 145 (89) | 32 (84) | 58 (87) | .8 | 55 (95) | .08 |
| Causative pathogen | .6 | .4 | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 25 (15) | 4 (11) | 10 (15) | 11 (19) | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | 36 (22) | 12 (32) | 11 (16) | 13 (22) | ||
| Streptococcus spp. | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 25 (37) | 15 (26) | ||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 18 (11) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 7 (12) | ||
| Other | 21 (13) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 10 (17) | ||
| Undocumented | 12 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (10) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Cerebral embolism | 50 (31) | 15 (39) | 22 (33) | .5 | 13 (22) | .9 |
| Number of embolic site | .2 | .5 | ||||
| 0 | 98 (60) | 23 (61) | 37 (55) | 38 (66) | ||
| 1 | 48 (29) | 11 (29) | 22 (33) | 15 (26) | ||
| 2 | 13 (8.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 (10) | 5 (8.6) | ||
| ≥3 | 4 (2.5) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | ||
| Characteristic . | All Patients (N = 163) . | Surgical Indication . | P Valueb . | No Surgical Indication (n = 58)a . | P Valuec . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated On (n = 38)a . | Not Operated On (n = 67)a . | |||||
| Median age (IQR), y | 84 (82–86) | 83 (81–84) | 84 (82–87) | .01 | 85 (82–87) | .04 |
| Men | 96 (59) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | .004 | 36 (62) | .5 |
| Charlson comorbidity index unadjusted for age | .04 | .3 | ||||
| 0 | 17 (10) | 5 (13) | 5 (7.5) | 7 (12) | ||
| 1–2 | 65 (40) | 19 (50) | 19 (28) | 27 (47) | ||
| 3–4 | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 27 (40) | 13 (22) | ||
| ≥5 | 30 (18) | 3 (7.9) | 16 (24) | 11 (19) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (22) | 8 (21) | 15 (22) | 1 | 13 (22) | 1 |
| Neoplasia | .2 | .4 | ||||
| Known cancer | 30 (18) | 11 (29) | 12 (18) | 7 (12) | ||
| Cancer diagnosed with IE | 8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | ||
| Median albumin (IQR),d g/L | 26 (23–30) | 26 (24–28) | 25 (21–28) | .2 | 27 (24–31) | .05 |
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR),d mg/L | 118 (49–179) | 110 (56–161) | 108 (55–169) | .9 | 123 (43–190) | .9 |
| Wore a cardiac implanted electronic device | 41 (25) | 9 (24) | 12 (18) | .6 | 20 (34) | .04 |
| History of IE | 9 (5.5) | 4 (11) | 2 (3.0) | .2 | 3 (5.2) | .9 |
| Definite IEe | 136 (83) | 36 (95) | 54 (81) | .08 | 46 (79) | .3 |
| Healthcare-associatedf | 69 (42) | 15 (39) | 31 (46) | .5 | 23 (40) | .6 |
| Prosthetic valve | 74 (45) | 18 (47) | 25 (37) | .4 | 31 (53) | .13 |
| Valvular localization | .01 | .2 | ||||
| Aortic | 98 (60) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | 38 (66) | ||
| Mitral | 51 (31) | 7 (18) | 26 (39) | 18 (31) | ||
| Multivalvular | 14 (8.6) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (15) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Type of lesion | ||||||
| Vegetation | 108 (66) | 29 (76) | 44 (66) | .3 | 35 (60) | .002 |
| Abscess | 38 (23) | 13 (34) | 22 (33) | .9 | 3 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Median vegetation size (IQR), mm | 10 (7–15) | 14 (10–15) | 15 (10–18) | .5 | 7 (5–8) | <.001 |
| Transesophageal echocardiography performed | 125 (77) | 36 (95) | 46 (69) | .001 | 43 (74) | .6 |
| Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed | 65 (40) | 9 (24) | 19 (28) | .7 | 37 (64) | <.001 |
| Positive blood culture | 145 (89) | 32 (84) | 58 (87) | .8 | 55 (95) | .08 |
| Causative pathogen | .6 | .4 | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 25 (15) | 4 (11) | 10 (15) | 11 (19) | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | 36 (22) | 12 (32) | 11 (16) | 13 (22) | ||
| Streptococcus spp. | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 25 (37) | 15 (26) | ||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 18 (11) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 7 (12) | ||
| Other | 21 (13) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 10 (17) | ||
| Undocumented | 12 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (10) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Cerebral embolism | 50 (31) | 15 (39) | 22 (33) | .5 | 13 (22) | .9 |
| Number of embolic site | .2 | .5 | ||||
| 0 | 98 (60) | 23 (61) | 37 (55) | 38 (66) | ||
| 1 | 48 (29) | 11 (29) | 22 (33) | 15 (26) | ||
| 2 | 13 (8.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 (10) | 5 (8.6) | ||
| ≥3 | 4 (2.5) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | ||
Abbreviations: IE, infective endocarditis; IQR, interquartile range.
an (%), median (IQR).
bPearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test between patients with surgical indication operated or not.
cSame tests between patients with and without surgical indication.
dSixty-five missing data for albumin, 64 missing data for C-reactive protein.
eAccording to modified Duke criteria by 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines.
fOnset was observed more than 48 hours after hospitalization or within 6 months following hospitalization or diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
General Characteristics of Older Patients With Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis According to Surgical Status in the MoISE: 2013–2020
| Characteristic . | All Patients (N = 163) . | Surgical Indication . | P Valueb . | No Surgical Indication (n = 58)a . | P Valuec . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated On (n = 38)a . | Not Operated On (n = 67)a . | |||||
| Median age (IQR), y | 84 (82–86) | 83 (81–84) | 84 (82–87) | .01 | 85 (82–87) | .04 |
| Men | 96 (59) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | .004 | 36 (62) | .5 |
| Charlson comorbidity index unadjusted for age | .04 | .3 | ||||
| 0 | 17 (10) | 5 (13) | 5 (7.5) | 7 (12) | ||
| 1–2 | 65 (40) | 19 (50) | 19 (28) | 27 (47) | ||
| 3–4 | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 27 (40) | 13 (22) | ||
| ≥5 | 30 (18) | 3 (7.9) | 16 (24) | 11 (19) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (22) | 8 (21) | 15 (22) | 1 | 13 (22) | 1 |
| Neoplasia | .2 | .4 | ||||
| Known cancer | 30 (18) | 11 (29) | 12 (18) | 7 (12) | ||
| Cancer diagnosed with IE | 8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | ||
| Median albumin (IQR),d g/L | 26 (23–30) | 26 (24–28) | 25 (21–28) | .2 | 27 (24–31) | .05 |
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR),d mg/L | 118 (49–179) | 110 (56–161) | 108 (55–169) | .9 | 123 (43–190) | .9 |
| Wore a cardiac implanted electronic device | 41 (25) | 9 (24) | 12 (18) | .6 | 20 (34) | .04 |
| History of IE | 9 (5.5) | 4 (11) | 2 (3.0) | .2 | 3 (5.2) | .9 |
| Definite IEe | 136 (83) | 36 (95) | 54 (81) | .08 | 46 (79) | .3 |
| Healthcare-associatedf | 69 (42) | 15 (39) | 31 (46) | .5 | 23 (40) | .6 |
| Prosthetic valve | 74 (45) | 18 (47) | 25 (37) | .4 | 31 (53) | .13 |
| Valvular localization | .01 | .2 | ||||
| Aortic | 98 (60) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | 38 (66) | ||
| Mitral | 51 (31) | 7 (18) | 26 (39) | 18 (31) | ||
| Multivalvular | 14 (8.6) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (15) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Type of lesion | ||||||
| Vegetation | 108 (66) | 29 (76) | 44 (66) | .3 | 35 (60) | .002 |
| Abscess | 38 (23) | 13 (34) | 22 (33) | .9 | 3 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Median vegetation size (IQR), mm | 10 (7–15) | 14 (10–15) | 15 (10–18) | .5 | 7 (5–8) | <.001 |
| Transesophageal echocardiography performed | 125 (77) | 36 (95) | 46 (69) | .001 | 43 (74) | .6 |
| Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed | 65 (40) | 9 (24) | 19 (28) | .7 | 37 (64) | <.001 |
| Positive blood culture | 145 (89) | 32 (84) | 58 (87) | .8 | 55 (95) | .08 |
| Causative pathogen | .6 | .4 | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 25 (15) | 4 (11) | 10 (15) | 11 (19) | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | 36 (22) | 12 (32) | 11 (16) | 13 (22) | ||
| Streptococcus spp. | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 25 (37) | 15 (26) | ||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 18 (11) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 7 (12) | ||
| Other | 21 (13) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 10 (17) | ||
| Undocumented | 12 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (10) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Cerebral embolism | 50 (31) | 15 (39) | 22 (33) | .5 | 13 (22) | .9 |
| Number of embolic site | .2 | .5 | ||||
| 0 | 98 (60) | 23 (61) | 37 (55) | 38 (66) | ||
| 1 | 48 (29) | 11 (29) | 22 (33) | 15 (26) | ||
| 2 | 13 (8.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 (10) | 5 (8.6) | ||
| ≥3 | 4 (2.5) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | ||
| Characteristic . | All Patients (N = 163) . | Surgical Indication . | P Valueb . | No Surgical Indication (n = 58)a . | P Valuec . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated On (n = 38)a . | Not Operated On (n = 67)a . | |||||
| Median age (IQR), y | 84 (82–86) | 83 (81–84) | 84 (82–87) | .01 | 85 (82–87) | .04 |
| Men | 96 (59) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | .004 | 36 (62) | .5 |
| Charlson comorbidity index unadjusted for age | .04 | .3 | ||||
| 0 | 17 (10) | 5 (13) | 5 (7.5) | 7 (12) | ||
| 1–2 | 65 (40) | 19 (50) | 19 (28) | 27 (47) | ||
| 3–4 | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 27 (40) | 13 (22) | ||
| ≥5 | 30 (18) | 3 (7.9) | 16 (24) | 11 (19) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (22) | 8 (21) | 15 (22) | 1 | 13 (22) | 1 |
| Neoplasia | .2 | .4 | ||||
| Known cancer | 30 (18) | 11 (29) | 12 (18) | 7 (12) | ||
| Cancer diagnosed with IE | 8 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 5 (7.5) | 3 (5.2) | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | ||
| Median albumin (IQR),d g/L | 26 (23–30) | 26 (24–28) | 25 (21–28) | .2 | 27 (24–31) | .05 |
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR),d mg/L | 118 (49–179) | 110 (56–161) | 108 (55–169) | .9 | 123 (43–190) | .9 |
| Wore a cardiac implanted electronic device | 41 (25) | 9 (24) | 12 (18) | .6 | 20 (34) | .04 |
| History of IE | 9 (5.5) | 4 (11) | 2 (3.0) | .2 | 3 (5.2) | .9 |
| Definite IEe | 136 (83) | 36 (95) | 54 (81) | .08 | 46 (79) | .3 |
| Healthcare-associatedf | 69 (42) | 15 (39) | 31 (46) | .5 | 23 (40) | .6 |
| Prosthetic valve | 74 (45) | 18 (47) | 25 (37) | .4 | 31 (53) | .13 |
| Valvular localization | .01 | .2 | ||||
| Aortic | 98 (60) | 29 (76) | 31 (46) | 38 (66) | ||
| Mitral | 51 (31) | 7 (18) | 26 (39) | 18 (31) | ||
| Multivalvular | 14 (8.6) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (15) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Type of lesion | ||||||
| Vegetation | 108 (66) | 29 (76) | 44 (66) | .3 | 35 (60) | .002 |
| Abscess | 38 (23) | 13 (34) | 22 (33) | .9 | 3 (5.2) | <.001 |
| Median vegetation size (IQR), mm | 10 (7–15) | 14 (10–15) | 15 (10–18) | .5 | 7 (5–8) | <.001 |
| Transesophageal echocardiography performed | 125 (77) | 36 (95) | 46 (69) | .001 | 43 (74) | .6 |
| Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed | 65 (40) | 9 (24) | 19 (28) | .7 | 37 (64) | <.001 |
| Positive blood culture | 145 (89) | 32 (84) | 58 (87) | .8 | 55 (95) | .08 |
| Causative pathogen | .6 | .4 | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 25 (15) | 4 (11) | 10 (15) | 11 (19) | ||
| Enterococcus spp. | 36 (22) | 12 (32) | 11 (16) | 13 (22) | ||
| Streptococcus spp. | 51 (31) | 11 (29) | 25 (37) | 15 (26) | ||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 18 (11) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 7 (12) | ||
| Other | 21 (13) | 4 (11) | 7 (10) | 10 (17) | ||
| Undocumented | 12 (7.4) | 3 (7.9) | 7 (10) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Cerebral embolism | 50 (31) | 15 (39) | 22 (33) | .5 | 13 (22) | .9 |
| Number of embolic site | .2 | .5 | ||||
| 0 | 98 (60) | 23 (61) | 37 (55) | 38 (66) | ||
| 1 | 48 (29) | 11 (29) | 22 (33) | 15 (26) | ||
| 2 | 13 (8.0) | 1 (2.6) | 7 (10) | 5 (8.6) | ||
| ≥3 | 4 (2.5) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | ||
Abbreviations: IE, infective endocarditis; IQR, interquartile range.
an (%), median (IQR).
bPearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test between patients with surgical indication operated or not.
cSame tests between patients with and without surgical indication.
dSixty-five missing data for albumin, 64 missing data for C-reactive protein.
eAccording to modified Duke criteria by 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines.
fOnset was observed more than 48 hours after hospitalization or within 6 months following hospitalization or diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
