Modeling results for mean ratings and mean differences due to having a phantom in the images, rather than a patient, for each of the reader study questions. Results are accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P-values, and R2 values.
| Question . | Synopsis . | Parameter . | Estimate . | 95% CI . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | Imaging characteristics | Patient mean | 3.71 | (3.21, 4.21) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.45, −0.13) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1b | Contrast characteristics | Patient mean | 3.85 | (3.52, 4.19) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.27 | (−0.42, −0.11) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1c | Noise characteristics | Patient mean | 3.53 | (3.03, 4.03) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.20 | (−0.35, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 1d | Resolution characteristics | Patient mean | 3.50 | (2.95, 4.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.22 | (−0.39, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 2a | COVID-19 severity | Patient mean | 2.77 | (2.49, 3.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.03 | (−0.20, 0.14) | 0.756 | ||
| R2 | 0.00 | ||||
| 2b | Diagnostic confidence | Patient mean | 3.56 | (3.10, 4.02) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.47, −0.12) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 |
| Question . | Synopsis . | Parameter . | Estimate . | 95% CI . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | Imaging characteristics | Patient mean | 3.71 | (3.21, 4.21) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.45, −0.13) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1b | Contrast characteristics | Patient mean | 3.85 | (3.52, 4.19) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.27 | (−0.42, −0.11) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1c | Noise characteristics | Patient mean | 3.53 | (3.03, 4.03) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.20 | (−0.35, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 1d | Resolution characteristics | Patient mean | 3.50 | (2.95, 4.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.22 | (−0.39, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 2a | COVID-19 severity | Patient mean | 2.77 | (2.49, 3.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.03 | (−0.20, 0.14) | 0.756 | ||
| R2 | 0.00 | ||||
| 2b | Diagnostic confidence | Patient mean | 3.56 | (3.10, 4.02) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.47, −0.12) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 |
Modeling results for mean ratings and mean differences due to having a phantom in the images, rather than a patient, for each of the reader study questions. Results are accompanied by 95% confidence intervals (CIs), P-values, and R2 values.
| Question . | Synopsis . | Parameter . | Estimate . | 95% CI . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | Imaging characteristics | Patient mean | 3.71 | (3.21, 4.21) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.45, −0.13) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1b | Contrast characteristics | Patient mean | 3.85 | (3.52, 4.19) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.27 | (−0.42, −0.11) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1c | Noise characteristics | Patient mean | 3.53 | (3.03, 4.03) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.20 | (−0.35, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 1d | Resolution characteristics | Patient mean | 3.50 | (2.95, 4.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.22 | (−0.39, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 2a | COVID-19 severity | Patient mean | 2.77 | (2.49, 3.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.03 | (−0.20, 0.14) | 0.756 | ||
| R2 | 0.00 | ||||
| 2b | Diagnostic confidence | Patient mean | 3.56 | (3.10, 4.02) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.47, −0.12) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 |
| Question . | Synopsis . | Parameter . | Estimate . | 95% CI . | P-value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1a | Imaging characteristics | Patient mean | 3.71 | (3.21, 4.21) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.45, −0.13) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1b | Contrast characteristics | Patient mean | 3.85 | (3.52, 4.19) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.27 | (−0.42, −0.11) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 | ||||
| 1c | Noise characteristics | Patient mean | 3.53 | (3.03, 4.03) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.20 | (−0.35, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 1d | Resolution characteristics | Patient mean | 3.50 | (2.95, 4.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.22 | (−0.39, −0.06) | 0.006 | ||
| R2 | 0.01 | ||||
| 2a | COVID-19 severity | Patient mean | 2.77 | (2.49, 3.05) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.03 | (−0.20, 0.14) | 0.756 | ||
| R2 | 0.00 | ||||
| 2b | Diagnostic confidence | Patient mean | 3.56 | (3.10, 4.02) | |
| Phantom eff. | −0.29 | (−0.47, −0.12) | <0.005 | ||
| R2 | 0.02 |
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